Netsu Sokutei

Retrospection of DTA Automation

Takeo Ozawa

2000 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 3-6
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11311/jscta1974.27.3

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History of DTA automation, mainly in Japan, is reviewed. In 1953-1955, automated DTA apparatuses had been assembled in three laboratories using U. S. made devices, Japanese devices and self- made devices. These attempts to make fully automated apparatuses were followed by commercialization, which is described in the other papers in this special issue. Beside these DTA apparatuses, an early automated apparatus of heating curve method by LeChatelier and other early automated DTA are also described with some automated thermobalances.

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First DTA Product in the Japanese Thermal Analysis Market

Michio Maruta, Takayuki Okino

2000 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 7-9
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11311/jscta1974.27.7

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In September of 1956, Shimadzu Corporation started to develop the DTA instrument under the guidance of Prof. Otsubo and Dr. Kato and this experimental instrument was installed in Waseda University as DT-1. After many improvements concerning the furnace, thermocouple arrangement, recorder and other hardware, especially the innovative methods of DTA noise reduction, Shimadzu Recording DTA Instrument, DT-1A, came firstly onto the Japanese market in 1958.

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The Early Stage of the Automated DTA Made by Rigaku

Michihiko Momota

2000 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 10-12
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11311/jscta1974.27.10

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This is summary of the course of history for 10 years on thermal analyzers based on DTA, since first production of Rigaku's thermal analyzer in 1957.

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Effect of Hydrogen on the Reduction Kinetics of Manganese Oxide at High Temperatures by New EGA Method

Kiyoshi Terayama, Toshiharu Shimazaki

2000 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11311/jscta1974.27.13

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The present study is concerned with the kinetics of carbon reduction of manganese oxide and the effect of hydrogen addition on this reduction process by the new technique, simultaneous measurement of evolved gas analysis (EGA) and the humidity sensor (HS). Water vapor evolved by the reduction with hydrogen was also detected by Humidity sensor. In the reduction process of MnO, manganese carbide was formed at an earlier stage of reduction, and the activation energy of 203kJ mol^-1 nearly equal to that for Boudouard's reaction was obtained. As carbon was consumed entirely, the reaction between manganese oxide and it's carbide occurred to yield metallic phase.
It is concluded that the new technique, simultaneous measurement of EGA and HS is useful and trouble less tool for the high temperature reduction processes of active materials such as manganese oxides, as it's high vapor pressure and reactivity with silica tube for reaction vessel in an apparatus may lead to difficulties in measuring the kinetics of reduction processes.

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Calorimetric Determination of the Number of Differently Bound Water Molecules in Phospholipid Bilayer Systems

Michiko Kodama, Hiroyuki Aoki

2000 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 19-29
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11311/jscta1974.27.19

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The present study has reviewed (i) how to classify the water molecules in multilamellar dispersions of lipid-water system on the basis of the ice-melting behavior as revealed by heating differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and (ii) how to estimate the numbers of nonfreezable interlamellar and freezable interlamellar and bulk water molecules in this system from enthalpies of the ice-melting endotherms. Furthermore, by applying the calorimetric method, the numbers of the individual water molecules in different bonding modes were estimated for varying water contents of three lipid systems of different head groups (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol), and then used to construct water distribution diagrams of these systems. By comparing the resultant diagrams, the difference in the mode of hydration of three lipid bilayers, limited or infinite, was discussed.

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Nanocalorimetry

Yoshitsugu Nakagawa

2000 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 30-38
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11311/jscta1974.27.30

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A new type of calorimetry which uses a micromechanical probe as a “bimetallic” temperature sensor is reviewed. The calorimetry has a theoretical heat detection limit of the order of 20fJ and a time resolution of 0.5ms. In the investigation of rotator phase transitions of n-alkanes, we obtained a heat sensitivity of 0.5nJ for a sample mass of 7pg with a time resolution of 0.5ms. Methods for precise quantification of the transition enthalpies are discussed.

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phlogiston

2000 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 39-41
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11311/jscta1974.27.39

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