One of the major achievement during the American occupation period, in terms of its effect on Japanese school librarianship, was the publication of the GAKKO TOSHOKAN NO TEBIKI (literally meaning "school library handbook"), which was edited in 1947 and 1948 by American and Japanese education officials and librarians. This study examines the contents and descriptions of the GAKKO TOSHOKAN NO TEBIKI in comparison with eight American books which several Japanese editorial committee members have stated they had seen to determine the extent to which American in fluences have shaped tha GAKKO TOSHOKAN NO TEBIKI. The influence of the American books may be distinctly recognized in Chapter 2, Section 1, of the SETCHI NO KIJUN (literally meaning "standards for establishment"), and Chapter 4, Section 2, of the TOSYO OYOBI TOSHOKAN RIYOUHOU NO SHIDO (literally meaning "the instruction on use of books and libraries"). However, the content found in some other chapters and sections are based on decisions of Japanese authors, as seen, for example, in Chapter 3 of the GAKKO TOSHOKAN NO SETSUBI (literally meaning "the facilities of school libraries"); Chapter 4, Section 1 of the TOSYO IIN NO KOUSEI TO KATSUDO (literally meaning "the organization of the library committee and its activities"); Section 3 of the DOKUSHO SHIDO NO JISSHI (literally meaning "providing reading guidance"); Section 5 of the GAKKYU BUNKO NO SHIDO, (literally meaning "the instruction of classroom libraries"); Section 6 of the, DOKUSHOKAI/KAPPYOKAI NO KAISAI TO DOKUSHO KURABU NOSHOREI (literally meaning "holding reading clubs/presentation meetings and promoting reading clubs"); and Section 9 of the TOSHO NO ZOKA TO TOSHOHI NO MONDAI (literally meaning "increasing the number of books and the problem of book budgets"). Thus, the GAKKO TOSHOKAN NO TEBIKI reflects in no small part the specialized experience and knowledge of its Japanese authors, as well as guidance received from the American librarians and information obtained from contemporaneous American books on school librarianship.

View full abstract

In this article, we discuss the position of e-print archive in scholarly communication. We use the findings of electronic media use study for Japanese physicists as base for the discussion. This article has two features. One is to focus on the change in use and recognition for e-print archive from 1999 to 2003. The other is to consider the position of e-print archive by comparison of the position of electronic journal. As a result, there are no change in use and recognition for e-print archive from 1999 to 2003, namely, the theorists or young researchers tend to use e-print archive. Users for e-print archive tend to use electronic journals, and contribute an article to scholarly journals more frequently than non-user. To conclude, the users for e-print archive are the researchers who want to get that kind of information as soon as possible and don't have any means to get it except using for e-print archive. E-print archive is a kind of resources in informal communication.

View full abstract