By using search records in CALIL.JP (i.e., a free online service that enables federated searching in online public access catalogs [OPACs] in Japan), NDL ONLINE (the OPAC of the National Diet Library [NDL], i.e., a Japanese legal deposit library), OPACs of Japanese public libraries, and CiNii Books (the OPAC of the Japanese university libraries), etc., we found the existence of books as follows: (1) books that were held only by public libraries and were not held by the NDL (and Japanese university libraries), (2) books that were weeded by public libraries among them, (3) books that were no longer held by the NDL, public and university libraries as a result of such weeding, and (4) books in danger of such extinction, i.e., those that were held only by one public library and were not held by the NDL and university libraries (i.e., last copy). Furthermore, by using the list of books that were weeded by Tsukuba City Library, we showed that the library also weeded books that were not held by the NDL. Considering that cooperative preservation among Japanese public libraries are few, we propose that when public libraries weed books that are not held by the NDL, they donate the books to the NDL.

　The purpose of this research is to clarify the significance and efforts of community libraries in London from the perspective of social inclusion. This research was conducted from the perspective of social inclusion upon analyses of related literature and interview surveys with managers of six community libraries in London. The study clearly shows that the concept of social inclusion is fully embraced in community libraries. Community libraries are able to ensure access to information, leisure, and culture for local residents by maintaining libraries that were forced to close. Specifically, libraries are being promoted as places where people can communicate and alleviate their feelings of isolation. Furthermore, library managers regard volunteer staff members that have traditionally been recognized as people who tackle social exclusion as those who both tackle social exclusion and are socially included as well. Therefore, it was made clear that community libraries work to improve the competency and communication skills of their volunteer staff, and actively provide them with job assistance.

　This paper proposes a four-layer framework as a guide to define the vocabularies of Nippon Cataloging Rules, 2018 ed. (NCR2018), in the Resource Description Framework (RDF), and also examines NCR2018 vocabularies under this framework. The proposed framework consists of four layers: a) Layer 1 constructs NCR2018 vocabularies in the RDF in line with the conceptual models represented by the entity-relationship model; b) Layer 2 constructs vocabularies in the RDF representation that accommodate the recording methods prescribed by the NCR2018 for individual elements that are derived from the attributes and relationships in the conceptual models; c) Layer 3 constructs vocabularies corresponding to the relationship designators in a way that accommodates the recording methods prescribed in NCR2018 for those designators; and d) Layer 4 accommodates additional ways to enforce the structural representation of NCR2018 metadata. NCR2018 vocabularies are examined at each layer to demonstrate the validity of the framework. The study concluded that the proposed framework is valuable for guiding the proper RDF definition of NCR2018 vocabularies.