Microbes and Environments
Online ISSN : 1347-4405
Print ISSN : 1342-6311
ISSN-L : 1342-6311
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Volume 13, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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  • Seasonal Abundance and Vertical Distribution of Zooplankton in Lake Ikeda, Southern Japan
    WAZIR ALI BALOCH, HIROTO MAEDA, TOSHIO SAISHO
    1998 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.13.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Species composition, seasonal variation and vertical distribution of zooplankton in Lake Ikeda, located in the south of Kyushu Island, Japan, were investigated from July 1993 to December 1994. Twenty-six species were identified, of which fourteen were newly recorded for the lake, these being five rotifers, six cladocerans and three copepods. The zooplankton community was dominated by copepods, cladocerans and rotifers. As the mean of 3 stations, they represented 49.6%, 28.5% and 21.9%, respectively. Rotifera was the most diverse group (13 species); other groups were Cladocera (9 species) and Copepoda (4 species). The zooplankton population was predominantly rotifers in the summer of 1993, of which Polyarthra euryptera and Conochilus unicornis were abundant. The calanoid copepod Eodiaptomus japonicus appeared in May 1994 and became dominant from August onwards. Vertical distribution showed that the majority of the zooplankton population appeared in the upper water layer (0-15m) of the lake.
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  • Surface Characteristics of Bacterial Cells Isolated from River Sand Grains and Their Relevance to Attachment
    HISAO MORISAKI, HIROYUKI TODA
    1998 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 9-16
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.13.9
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Bacteria on the surface of river sand grains were successively detached by changing the number and strength of washing procedures and then divided into different fractions. The ratio of slow-growing organisms in each fraction increased as the number of washings increased and intensified by sonication. The cells of these slow-growing strains were more hydrophobic, less negatively charged and had greater isoelectric point (IEP) values compared with fast-growing strains. The strains having greater IEP values attached more easily to a glass and a plastic surface than the strains having smaller IEP values. These findings lead to an assumption that the slow-growing bacteria have surface characteristics enabling the cells to attach more firmly to substrate surfaces.
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  • Some Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from the Ectomycorrhiza of Chinese Pine Inoculated with Cenococcum graniforme
    WU BINGYUN, ICHIO NIOH
    1998 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 17-21
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.13.17
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • cAMP-triggered Spirulina Cell Aggregates Maintain the Shapes of Their Vessels
    KAZUKO OHMORI, MASAKI HIROSE, MASAYUKI OHMORI
    1998 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 23-27
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.13.23
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Microbes and Global Changes in Atmosphere-Introduction-
    KAZUYUKI INUBUSHI, HIROYUKI YAMAMOTO
    1998 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 29
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.13.29
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • History of Earth's Environment and Evolution of Life
    A Perspective from Microbial-mat Research
    SHIN-ICHI KAWAKAMI, MASAO TAKANO, MINEO KUMAZAWA
    1998 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 31-37
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.13.31
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    A number of rock samples has been collected by the Japanese Decoding Earth Evolution Program (DEEP) aiming to decode early history of life and the Earth. It is necessary to have working hypothses on the relationship between evolution of life and Earth's environments, in order to relate possible ecological events and geological informations to have been recorded in the rock specimens. Interdisciplinary studies of microbial mats occurring at hotsprings has been started to get newer views of Precambrian biospheric evolution.
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  • Ecology and Characteristics of Methanogens and Methanotrophs in Paddy Soil
    KIYOSHI TAKEDA
    1998 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 39-44
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.13.39
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    Paddy fields are one of the main sources for methane emission of a global scale. The magnitude of methane emission is a net result of methane production and the oxidation rate. Methanosarcina sp., Methanothrix sp., Methanobacterium sp. and Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus have been isolated from paddy field soils. Populations of methanogens in paddy soil are about 103∼106/g dry soil, and stay almost constant during entire season of flooded rice field soil and drained soil. A large number of sulfate reducers are present in paddy soils. In the absence of sulfate, sulfate reducers are important anaerobic bacteria to degrade organic acids and alcohols to acetate by syntrophic association with hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The bacterial number of methanotrophs are about 104∼105cells/g dry soil in paddy field soils. The methanotrophs isolated were gram-negative, oxidase-positive and rod- shaped bacteria, and belonged to type II methanotrophs.
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  • Methanogenic Bacteria in the Ocean
    MICHINARI SUNAMURA, KOUICHI OHWADA
    1998 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 45-50
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.13.45
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    One of the gases which scientists have so much concern related to global warming is methane. Although amounts of methane release to atmosphere from ocean and coastal areas are not so enormous compared with wetlands and rice paddies, methane stock in the sediments is considered to be big amount. It means probably that methane produced by microbial activity is oxidized and recycled also by the aerobic and anaerobic microbial activity in the sediments and waters. Unfortunately, however, quite few information is now available on the methanogenic activity related to population of methanogenic bacteria and other groups of microorganisms. In this paper, we mentioned about our study on methanogenic bacteria conducted in the Japanese coastal waters and also reviewed the studies of them which have been done in various regions.
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  • Denitrification in Aquatic Environments
    Microbial Approach to Environmental Studies
    DONATO S. ABE, KENJI KATO
    1998 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 51-57
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.13.51
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    [in Japanese]
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  • Elucidation of Biological N2O Emission Mechanisms and Its Significance in N2O Dynamics in a Waste Water Treatment Facility
    SHINGO UEDA, YUICHI SUWA
    1998 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 59-64
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.13.59
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Tropospheric increment of N2O is of great concern in global warming issue and stratospheric ozone chemistry, which is largely attributed to the human-induced alteration of nitrogen cycle. Biological waste water treatment is a terminal destination of industrially fixed nitrogen as well as a hot spot for N2O emission. The present understanding of microbial pathways suggests that N2O is a by-product of ammonium oxidation and an obligate intermediate product of denitrification. Therefore, a conventional mass balance approach is insufficient to elucidate producing mechanisms of N2O in common environments where coupling of nitrification and denitrification occurs. In this context, we proposed the measurement of natural abundance of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes to be applied for analysis of N2O dynamics in a waste water treatment facility, and discussed future perspective of the technique.
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