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Article type: Cover
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Appendix
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Takashi JONO, Masashi OKA, Masao ARITA, Tsuneyuki YAGI, Shigeichi KITA ...
Article type: Article
Pages
1-10
Published: December 30, 1983
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It is necessary to grasp the following basic problems to design the icegoing merchant vessels for Arctic marine transportation : (1) What are the essential problems? (2) What are the dominant factors from the econonlical and operational point of view? (3) Which transportation system is the most efficient? In order to clear up these problems, we have developed a transportation simulation program called TSP. TSP can simulate the tanker fleet operations plying through the ice infested sea and fluctuation of oil storage at loading and unloading terminals. The simulative systems are ; (1) Independent operation system by icebreaking tankers (2) Icebreaker convoy system with ice-strengthened tankers (3) Intermediate junction port system with icebreaking tankers and conventional tankers (4) Direct transshipment system from icebreaking tankers to conventional tankers This paper mainly describes the algorithm of TSP and an example calculation is also given.
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Yoji HIMENO
Article type: Article
Pages
11-15
Published: December 30, 1983
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The present paper proposes a simplified formula for predicting the frictional resistance increase ΔC_F due to painted ship-hull surface roughness. A linear fitting is made on the roughness function prepared by several experimental data. A linear approximation is also applied to the local skin friction formula including roughness effect. Further, an approximate integration of the momentum integral equation for a rough flat plate using the above assumptions leads to a following simple formula, [numerical formula] where R_n represents Reyno1ds number and R_k the roughness Reynolds number. It is also derived that ΔC_F is proportional to the square of the C_F value for the smooth flat plate of same length.
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Hideaki MIYATA, Hisashi KAJITANI, Shunichi IWASE, Katsuhiko ICHIJU, Hi ...
Article type: Article
Pages
17-30
Published: December 30, 1983
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Two kinds of appendage are developed to reduce resistance of middle- and high-speed ships. A horizontal-bow-fin is equipped around a bow above the still water level. Its optimum location and configuration are studied and its effectiveness is estimated through extensive experiments with four ship models. The mechanism of resistance reduction is investigated by means of wave analysis, flow visualization and measurement of pressure on hull surface. A movable bulb is specially developed for ice-breaking ships whose wave resistance in the sea without ice is supposed far from minimum. Its reduction of wave resistance is verified to be remarkable by experiments with a model ship of ice-breaking tanker.
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Osamu YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
Pages
31-40
Published: December 30, 1983
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This paper presents a method for theoretically predicting the quantity of fuel oil consumed by a ship going through irregular waves, and a method of deciding optimum ship speeds which minimize the quantity of fuel oil consumed by a ship crossing over an ocean. The author designates the optimum ship speeds as the economical ship speeds. Theoretical calculations are carried out in order to evaluate the quantity of fuel saving which is achieved by navigation under economical ship speeds. Two ships are chosen for the calculation. One is a 140,000 DWT bulk carrier on a Japan∼Australia route and the other is a 86,000 DWT bulk carrier on a Japan∼North America route. The effect of navigation on fuel consumption is clarified by using the following three kinds of navigation methods for the calculation: (1) navigation under economical ship speeds (2) navigation under constant engine power (3) navigation under uneconomical ship speeds The results of the calculations verify that the navigation under economical ship speed is the most effective method for fuel saving, and that the fuel oil consumed by the navigation under economical ship speeds is 2% lower in the case of the 140,000 DWT bulk carrier than that of navigation under constant engine power, and 6% lower in the case of the 86,000 DWT bulk carrier.
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Hiroyuki ADACHI, Munehiko HINATSU
Article type: Article
Pages
41-50
Published: December 30, 1983
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The change of the effective wake due to the propeller load is investigated by both the propeller load varying test and the velocity measurement at the plane just in front of a propeller. The causes of the change of the effective wake are found to be the interaction of the boundary layer and the bilge vortex at stern with the propeller suction effect. The theoretical attempts have been made and compared with the experiments.
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Matao TAKAGI, Kimio SAITO
Article type: Article
Pages
51-59
Published: December 30, 1983
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In the field of ship maneuvring, the description of transient responses of a ship has received the most attention to assess the ability of ship's rudder to control the ship. On the contrary, for seakeeping problems, ship responses in waves have been expressed in terms of amplitude and phase in a steady state and the transient description has not been popular so far. However, the description of the transient response of a ship is recognized to be important in dealing with the problems, such as the responses of a moored body under the combined action of waves and/or stepwise wind forces. According to a survey of the literature concerning the transient responses of a ship, the following four approaches are considered for the practical use: (1) second-order linear differential equation with constant coefficients. (2) frequency response corresponding to a Fourier integral approach. (3) impulse response corresponding to a Fourier integral approach. (4) integro-differential equation with memory effect fuction. (5) higher order differential equation The purpose of this paper is to find the best calculation method among the five methods, in a practical sense, to describe the transient motion in waves. For this purpose, firstly, the authors discuss theoretically the relationship among the methods and point out some problems appeared in the procedure of numerical calculations. By this process the 4th method is chosen as a preferable one to describe transient responses. Secondly, the authors discuss the approximate evaluation method for the memory effect functions which are involved in the integro-dfferential equation.
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Toshimasa KAWANISHI, Kenji KAWANISHI, Wataru KATO
Article type: Article
Pages
61-67
Published: December 30, 1983
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This paper presents an analysis single buoy mooring system subjected to earthquake excitation. It deals mainly with the formulation of nonlinear mathematical models for the dynamic behaviour of tension leg platforms. In particular the nonlinearities owing to the restoring characteristics of tension rope have been considered. Model experiments have been conducted whose results display good agreement.
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Toshimasa KAWANISHI, Osamu SAIJYO, Wataru KATO
Article type: Article
Pages
69-77
Published: December 30, 1983
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The tension leg platform is type of moored stable platform whose buoyancy exceeds the weigh .The supplementary equilibriating downward force is supplied by tensioned vertical anchor wires. For such a platform, heave, roll and, pitch motions will be supressed. In order to design a reliable anchoring system, it is necessary to accurately predict the forces in the mooring legs induced by earthquake action and the platform motions. This paper presents analysis of wire stress of a tension leg single buoy mooring system subjected to earthquake excitation. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be confirmed that for the purpose of the design of tension leg platform the stress wave in wire must be sufficiently taken into consideration
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Hiroo OKADA, Yoshisada MUROTSU, Masaaki YONEZAWA, Mitsuo KISHI, Katash ...
Article type: Article
Pages
79-91
Published: December 30, 1983
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This paper proposes the methods for automatically selecting the probabilistically dominant failure modes in plane frame structure by using a matrix method and a branch-and-bound technique and for evaluating the system's reliabilities based on the selected modes. The characteristics of the proposed methods are investigated through application to several structures. The conclusions are summerized as follows: (i) The efficiencies of the one-and two-dimensional branching criteria are dependent on the configurations of the structures. (ii) The value of the bounding constant has great effect on the numbers of the selected failure paths and the computation times but not so much on the resulting estimation of the system's failure probabilities. The computational experiences show that taking γ=0 is recommended for evaluating the reliabilities of large structures. (iii) The proposed methods are successfully applied to reliability analysis of the transverse structure of a tanker, which shows the importance of taking account of correlation between loads.
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Junkichi YAGI, Yasumitu TOMITA, Yukio FUJIMOTO, Soichiro INOUE
Article type: Article
Pages
93-99
Published: December 30, 1983
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Effect of mean stress caused by cyclic creep on fatigue crack initiation life and crack propagation rate was derived quantitatively for mild steel. As a result, using one S-N diagram for arbitrary stress ratio being from-1 to 1, the method of obtaining S-N diagrams of another stress ratio was given as to the crack initiation life of structural members and mechanical components with stress concentration factor K, where a definition of stress ratio is the ratio minimum stress to maximum stress. Main factors of means tress which affect the crack propagation rate are phenomena of cyclic creep and crack closure, in this paper, the method of appreciating the quantitative influence of cyclic creep was presented.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
Pages
101-114
Published: December 30, 1983
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
Pages
115-119
Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Appendix
Pages
121-123
Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Appendix
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Appendix
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Appendix
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Appendix
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Appendix
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Cover
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Cover
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Published: December 30, 1983
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