We report a 47-year-old woman with pruritic erythematous nodules on her right upper limb, shoulder, and waist after traveling to Uganda. On physical examination, these erythematous nodules were shown to have ulcers with larvae. Mechanical extraction using mosquito hemostatic forceps was performed after local anesthesia. In total, 4 larvae were removed. The diagnosis of myiasis by third-stage larvae of Cordylobia anthropophaga, Calliphoridae, was made. About a month after the treatment, the ulcers had disappeared completely. No recurrence has been observed. Cordylobia anthropophaga infection occurs through the ova of parasites that attach to clothes or bedding. It is important to press clothes after traveling to areas where Cordylobia anthropophaga is found in order to prevent infection. Furthermore, physicians should ask about an individual's travel history when Cordylobia anthropophaga infection is suspected.Skin Research, 13: 415-420, 2014

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A 71-year-old man was referred to us because of erythema with erosions and nodules on the genital area. It had gradually enlarged over several years. Physical examination revealed an asymptomatic erythematous plaque with erosions and nodules, 200×100mm in size, on the genital area. A biopsy specimen showed not only large round cells with ample pale-stained cytoplasm in the epidermis and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration in the upper dermis, but also elastorrhexis in the middle to lower dermis. With Elastic van Gieson stain and von Kossa stain, we confirmed marked degeneration of elastic fibers with calcium deposition. Physical reexamination revealed asymptomatic pale-yellowish papules, 1 to 3mm in diameter, on the lateral neck, groin, and proximal femur. We diagnosed the erythematous plaque on the groin with extramammary Paget's disease as pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Our case reemphasizes the importance of complete clinical and histopathologic assessment as extramammary Paget's disease and other skin disorders including pseudoxanthoma elasticum may occasionally be identified in elderly patients.Skin Research, 13: 421-425, 2014

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We report a case of leprosy relapse. A 49-year-old Brazilian male living in Japan visited our hospital complaining of multiple infiltrative erythematous plaques and dysesthesia on his face, trunk, and arms. He had been treated for leprosy for 12 months 16 years previously in Brazil. The histopathology of the lesion showed multifocal granuloma and uniform infiltration of histiocytes. Fite stain revealed acid-fast bacilli. A diagnosis of BB-type leprosy was made and multi-drug therapy (rifampicin, dyphenyl sulfone, and levofloxacin) according to the WHO regimen was started. The erythematous plaques showed gradual improvement. One study reported that the relapse rate after WHO-recommended MDT was about 8%: Long-term follow-up is required to detect its relapse.Skin Research, 13: 426-430, 2014

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A ten-year-old girl visited our department for a 2-month history of alopecia and itching. She had been treated with topical steroids in other dermatological clinics. We diagnosed the eruptions as kerion celsi due to Microsporum canis on the basis of findings of mycotic cultures and the results of polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing for internal transcribed spacer 1 of ribosomal DNA. Itraconazole pulse therapy three times resulted in cure of the lesions with no significant side effects.Skin Research, 13: 431-434, 2014

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A 58-year-old Japanese woman complained of itchy, pigmented erythema on both eyelid and perioral areas. Before the eruption developed, she had received IBU A, which contains ibuprofen and allylisopropylacetylurea. Erythema developed on her right upper eyelid after simple application of 1% allylisopropylacetylurea in petrolatum. Fifteen months later, she visited our clinic with the same complaint of eruptions after taking Coughcode N and other drugs for a common cold. She had not received allylisopropylacetylurea. The erythema developed after she applied 30% Coughcode N in petrolatum on her right lower eyelid. One month later, erythema also developed on her right lower eyelid after applying 1% bromovalerylurea in petrolatum. The chemical structures of allylisopropylacetylurea and bromovalerylurea are composed of the same components. Therefore, a cross-reaction seemed to have occurred. Simple application of 1% compound in petrolatum on lesions is useful for determining the causative drugs of fixed drug eruption.Skin Research, 13: 435-438, 2014

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