The patient was a 67-year-old man. He had erythema associated with itching over his entire body for about four months, and developed hoarseness one month prior to visiting a clinic. A chest X-ray revealed a nodule in the left upper lobe of the lung, and he was referred to our hospital. At the rst examination of the skin, we observed facial erythema, polymorphic skin atrophy, and Gottron’ssign. He did not have myopathy or an increase in creatine kinase (CK) or aldolase. However, he was positive for anti-TIF1-antibody and was diagnosed with amyopathic dermatomyositis (ADM). By bronchoscopy, the nodule found in the left upper lobe of the lung was determined to be squamous cell carcinoma. We describe this case as anti-TIF1 antibody-positive amyopathic dermatomyositis with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The diagnostic criteria for polymyositis and dermatomyositis in Japan were revised in 2015¹⁾. This has made it possible to diagnose ADM according to skin symptoms based on the same pathological ndings as those of dermatomyositis. However,dermatomyositis shows only slight pathological changes, precluding the denite diagnosis of ADM and possibly delaying treatment. Recently, novel myositis-specic autoantibodies highly specicto polymyositis and dermatomyositis have been identied. They are closely associated with the disease type, pathology, clinical course, and therapeutic response of myositis ; therefore, they should be useful for deciding the treatment policy and predicting disease activity for ADM. Skin Research, 17 :239-244, 2018

A 72-year-old man used eye drops containing aminocaproic acid. He presented with an itchy erythema on his eyelids. On examination, severe swollen erythema with small erosions and scales on his eyelids were observed. He was treated with topical corticosteroid ointment. The eruption cleared within a few days. Patch tests were performed with the eye drops and their ingredients. Positive reactions were obtained with both the eye drops and aminocaproic acid. Aminocaproic acid is an antiplasmin agent that has been used as an anti-hemorrhagic agent. Recently, it has been used as a constituent in various common OTC drugs for its anti-inammatory or anti-allergenic effect. Skin Research, 17 : 245-249, 2018

An 80-year-old woman received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) and CHOP ＋ etoposide 20 years earlier for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and this resulted in remission. Six years later, she developed acute promyelocytic leukemia and was administered alltrans retinoic acid＋chemotherapy. Four years later, a red skin nodule appeared on the sole of her left foot. The tumor was resected and was diagnosed as a poroma. One year later, she noticed a red skin nodule on her left leg and it was treated conservatively. However, the number of nodules increased and she was referred to our department. Six red, dome-shaped, 3 mm-10 mm skin nodules were observed on her face and limbs. All six skin nodules were histopathologically diagnosed as poromas. The development of multiple poromas is relatively rare, with reports on 24 cases in the literature. Since 2000, reports of multiple poromas have increased ; the majority of cases occurred several years after treatment for leukemia and/or lymphoma. We speculate that the possibledeposition of calcium phosphatewithin theacrosyringium cells associated with thetumorlysis syndrome or its precursor state may be related to the development of multiple poromas. Skin Research, 17 : 250-254, 2018

A 20-year-old woman, a member of a Judo club, was referred to our dermatology department with a chief complaint of multiple folliculitis-like manifestations in the occipital region. Fungal culture of skin biopsy specimens proved positive, and genetic analysis of the cultured fungi identied Trichophyton tonsurans. The patient was therefore diagnosed with tinea capitis. Carrier screening,performed subsequently in her Judo club, revealed some other members were positive for T. tonsurans. Diagnosis was challenging because antifungal drugs which had been prescribed by the previous physician inuenced the subsequent clinical manifestations to some degree. Our case shows that T. tonsurans infection presents with various clinical features. Delayed diagnosis and insufcient treatment or screening of T. tonsurans could result in an increase in the number of asymptomatic carriers. Clinicians should always be aware of potential T. tonsurans infection, and fungal culture should be performed promptly in suspected cases. Early detection of carriers, their team mates, their families or housemates and subsequent treatment are essential to eliminate T. tonsurans infections. Skin Research, 17 : 255-259, 2018

A 76-year-old male with malignant melanoma brain metastases received ipilimumab, an anti CTLA 4 IgG1 antibody, followed by nivolumab. He had not experienced any severe adverse events during nivolumab treatment. After the third administration of ipilimumab, he noticed nausea, anorexia,general malaise. His blood pressure was 88 over 57. Laboratory ndings showed hyponatremia (123 meq/L, normal range from 138 to 145), hypoglycemia (68 mg/dL normal range from 70 to 110) and adrenal insufciency (cortisol : 1. 4 μ g/dL normal range from 4. 0 to 18. 3). Ac detailed endocrinological examination revealed hypopituitarism with adenocorticotropic hormone insufciency, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed an enlarged pituitary gland. Therefore, we diagnosed ashypophysitis induced by ipilimumab followed by nivolumab treatment. Low dose oral glucocorticoids successfully treated the hypophysitis and we could administer the fourth dose of ipilimumab without any adverse symptoms. As for the mechanism of anti CTLA-4 antiboby-induced hypophysitis, it is thought that activated cytotoxic T cells attackthe anterior pituitary gland in cooperation with inactivation of regulatory T cells. Although the direct ADCC activity of ipilimumab or tremelimumab may damage pituitary gland cells expressing CTLA-4, further investigation and stratication of clinical experience are needed to clarify its exact pathogenesis. Skin Research, 17 : 260-264, 2018

A Japanese man in his 80’s visited our hospital with reddish plaques and alopecia on the occipital region, reddish plaques on the back, and reddish follicular papules on the right forearm. The patient had noticed them a few months earlier. Based on the histopathological ndings, we diagnosed this case as follicular mucinosis (FM). During two years of treatment with a topical corticosteroid,reddish nodules on the temporal and occipital region, and reddish plaques and papules on the left back appeared. We performed a second skin biopsy and diagnosed folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF). Oral PUVA therapy achieved positive clinical effects for FMF. Our case suggested that oral and topical PUVA may be a good therapeutic modality for FMF. Skin Research, 17 : 265-269, 2018

We report a case with an erlotinib-induced cutaneous adverse event with histopathology of subcorneal pustular dermatosis. A 62-year-old woman presented with numerous red papules on her lower limbs six months after starting erlotinib 100 mg/day for lung cancer. She developed eruptions on her lower limbs four months earlier, and red papules were associated with pustules, crusts and erosions. Histopathology from the acneiform eruption of the lower leg showed subcorneal pustules associated with neutrophilic inltrate. Hair follicles were not involved in the area of inammation around the pustule. She continued taking erlotinib with topical steroid treatment and oral minocycline 50 mg/day. Her eruption gradually disappeared without recurrence. Skin Research, 17 : 270-273, 2018

Objective :We subjectively and objectively analyzed the clinical effect of a cosmetic moisturizer for senile xerotic skin. Methods :We performed a clinical trial for 30 patients aged 60 years or older who visited Osaka University Hospital with senile xerotic skin between February and April 2017 using the moisturizing cream (NOV^○R skin cream D) supplied by Tokiwa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. The experimental control used was vaseline. We evaluated the skin lesions (drying, erythema,scales, scratching scars, lichenication), visual analogue scale (VAS) of itching, the stratum corneum water content, the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), the current perception threshold, and did stratum corneum analysis by immunouorescence staining on week 0 and 4 after starting the moisturizer application. Results :All skin lesions and itch VAS were signicantly decreased at week 4 following application of both vaseline and the moisturizing cream. The stratum corneum water content was signicantly increased at week 4 on application of both vaseline and the moisturizing cream, and the moisturizing cream was signicantly more effective compared to the vaseline. TEWL were signicantly decreased at week 4 on application of the moisturizing cream. Current perception thresholds following electrical stimuli at frequencies of 250 and 5 Hz were signicantly higher at week 4 with application of the moisturizing cream compared to the vaseline. Furthermore, SH-based uorescence intensity and the degree of multilayer exfoliation on stratum corneum cells were signicantly decreased at week 4 with application of the moisturizing cream. Discussion and Conclusion :In this study, the moisturizing cream equally improved the skin lesions and itch VAS, and signicantly improved the barrier function and stratum corneum function compared to the vaseline. Therefore, we consider that cosmetic moisturizers such as NOV skin cream D ^○R are useful for the treatment of xerotic skin in a similar manner to medical moisturizers. Skin Research, 17 : 274-283, 2018