Two large fish postlarvae, caught by dip net at the sea surface in Senzaki Bay, Nagato, and by mid-water trawl in Hagi Bay, Hagi, both in Yamaguchi Prefecture, were identified as Ateleopus japonicus Bleeker, 1854 (Family Ateleopodidae), on the basis of meristic and tooth characters. The postlarvae were characterized by elongated dorsal- and pelvic-fin rays, and had 22 orange bands and many yellowish lines on the translucent body and anal fin, respectively. This is the first description of postlarvae of Ateleopus japonicus. Color photographs are included. The likelihood of two transport routes, from the southwestern Sea of Japan and the East China Sea, are discussed.

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Four new species of fungus gnats, Ctenosciara japonica sp. nov., C. angustistylata sp. nov., C. meridiana sp. nov., and C. satoshii sp. nov., are described and figured. Ctenosciara hyalipennis (Meigen, 1804) and C. nudata Mohrig and Kozanek in Mohrig et al., 1992 are recorded for the first time from Japan. Ctenosciara insolita (Sasakawa, 1994) is newly recorded from Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan. Habitat preference and regional species diversity of this genus in the world are briefly discussed.

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Five species of the reduviid genus Polytoxus, including a new species, are reported from Vietnam : P. eumorphus Miller, 1941, P. rufinervis Hsiao, 1965, P. selangorensis Miller, 1940, P. bicolor Villiers, 1943, and P. hiemalis sp. nov. The former three are recorded from Vietnam for the first time. The new species is distinguished from the most similar one, P. femoralis Distant, 1903, by the brownish-yellow tibiae with black apical annulations, the apices of the hindfemora extending well beyond the tip of the abdomen, and the anterior pronotal lobe not being carinate marginally.

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The taxonomy of the Trachysalambria curvirostris species group is clarified based on abundant material from East Asia and other localities in the Indo-West Pacific and the Mediterranean. The following six species, including one new species, are recognized : T. curvirostris (Stimpson, 1860), T. longipes (Paulson, 1875), T. aspera (Alcock, 1905), T. palaestinensis (Steinitz, 1932), T. albicoma (Hayashi and Toriyama, 1980), and T. nansei new species. For nomenclatural stability, a neotype of Trachysalambria curvirostris is designated. Species differences are discussed in detail and a key to these species is provided.

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The zoeal stages of development of two spot-pattern morphs of Neopetrolisthes maculatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), and of N. spinatus Osawa and Fujita, 2001, are described and illustrated on the basis of laboratory-reared materials. The two morphs of N. maculatus do not show any significant morphological differences in their zoeas, but N. spinatus can be distinguished from N. maculatus throughout the zoeal phase by the number of short setae on the dorsal surface of the abdominal somites. Zoeas of Neopetrolisthes resemble those of Petrolisthes and fit in Osawa's Group 4. Although a bifid lateral spine on the telson is seen in the first zoea of Neopetrolisthes species, as well as some species of Petrolisthes Group 4, Neopetrolisthes is distinguished from the latter group by the setation of the third endopodal segment of the second maxilliped throughout the zoeal phase and that of the third endopodal segment of the first maxilliped in the first zoea. These differences support the generic status of Neopetrolisthes.

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