We investigated relation between the consolidation by the colloidal clay particles and size of sand particles in the sand base. Consequently, the following results were obtained.(1) The marine mud in which colloidal clay contents were rich and humus contents were little, were suitable to effects of the consolidation and the impermeability in the sloping salt-field.(2) Good results were obtained for sand having a permeable coefficient between 10^1-5-10^-6.

View full abstract

Crystaloid, precipitating from the saturated solution, often adheres on the wall ofthe vessel. Such a phenomenon includes “creeping” and “scaling”; the former is to crystalize from the salution climbing up the wall of the vessel it looks as if crystals were creeping out of the solution; the later is what has been popular as the so called “boiler scale”. In this srport it was studied to prevent “creeping” and “scaling” by using inhibitors. Result obtained:
1) The solutions of NH₄Cl, KCl and KBr cause creeping on the plate of such material as glass, bakelite and graphite in the following procedure; a drop of the saturated solution is placed on the plate held horizontal, and is dried up gradually at roon temperature, then crystals deposit beyond the spread of the original drop. This “creeping” and it is degree can be measured by the increased area of the spread. On other hand, when small amount of (NaPO₃)₆ is added into those solutions, the creeping is reduced and it is degree is inverse proportional to the crystal deposited.
2) Ca(HCO₄)₂ soultion easily scales the of the beaker by heating. As this solution contains (NaPO₃)₆ and Mn²⁺ in small quantity, the amount of the scale decreases considerably, In scaling of CaSO₄ solution it is most suitable to add citric acid (or it is salt) and Mn²⁺ In such the cases, too, quantity of the scale is inverse proportioal to the crystal size and either (NaPO₃)₆ or citric acid (it is salt) is cooperative with Mn²⁺ effectively. Judging from the fact that those additives are promoting the growth of promoters may be used as inhibitors in “creeping” or “scaling”.

View full abstract

The double salts crystallized from the quinary system “Na-K-Mg-Cl-SO₄-H₂O” are nine, namely astrakanite, carnallite, glaserite, kainite, langbeinite, leonite, loeweit, schoenite and vanthoffite. Few papers have been reported about the powder X-ray diffraction research of these oceanic double salts and even the A.S.T.M. data file list only 3 of these, i. e. astrakanite, glaserite and langbeinite. In this paper, these 9 double salts are synthetized artificially, and microphoto-graphed and finally the powder X-ray diffraction data are taken by the Geiger counter X-ray diffractometer, using Cu Kα radiation. As the results of this research, it was found that
(1) On astrakanite, the strongest line of d=3.25 Å listed in A.S.T.M. data file was separated into 2 peaks, i. e. d=3.25 Å anp d=3.24 Å, and consequently the strongest line proceeded to d=4.53Å. Moreover, several small peaks which are not listed in A.S.T.M. were observed.
(2) On glaserite, the largest d spacing was not 4.07 Å (d₁₀₁) [A.S.T.M.] but 4.87 Å (d₁₀₀), and the lattice constant were determined (hexagonal, a=5.64Å, c=7.33Å and c/a=1.298). The intensity ratio of A.S.T.M. data were corrected.
(3) On langbeinite, the observed data were in good agreement with the A.S.T.M. data. Each diffracted lines were indexed.
(4) On the other 6 residual double satle, d spacing and intensity ratios of diffracted lines were. determined.

View full abstract

In the research of the reaction between desulfated bittern and milk of calcined dolomite to prepare magnesium hydroxide, some informations are needed about the milky state which is impossible to be defined plainly. Considering the mechanism of the reaction, it is concluded that the reaction must be carried out on the surface of the slaked calcined dolomite particles and the reaction velocity is, therefore, proportionate to the concentration of the magnesium ion on exponential 5/3 when the equivalent is 100%. The experimental result confirmed this supposition satisfactorily, and the milky state can be defined, accordingly, as the function of the reaction velocity.

View full abstract

With rationalization of the management, the flowing down salt field has occupied the most important position in the brine production in place of the “Irihama” salt field. However, on the components of brine produced by the former, there can not be found any satisfactory data. From this point of view, we analysed the brine of each season produced by several principal salt field and obtained the reference inforemation about salt production on the flowing down system and salt making.

View full abstract

I. Boric acid
(1) The coexistence of salt has little bad effect upon adsorption of boric acid on polyvinyl alcohol (P.V.A.).
(2) when scarcely soluble P.V.A.-boric acid double substance is treated with hot water, boric acid is recovered as the solution of the same concentration as the original solution used for adsorption, so long as the elution process is stopped at proper stage.
II. Borax
(1) The amount of borax adsorbed on P.V.A. is more or less different by coexistent salt.
(2) When scarcely soluble P.V.A.-borax double substance is treated with acid instead of hot water, boric acid is eluted more easily with the former than with the latter.
III. Separation of boric acid from bittern by P.V.A.
(1) When artificial bittern is passed through a column of scarcely soluble P.V.A., borax only is scarcely soluble P.V.A.-borax double substance is treated with acid.

View full abstract

In connection to the investigation to throw light on the empirical fact that sea muds are more excellent than upland soils as the material of the ground of “Ryuka” salt field, we conducted the mineralogical survey on clay fractions separated from salt field soils and sea muds around the Inland Sea of Seto in comparison with the clay fraction separated from upland soil of Mikatagahara by carrying on the differential thermal analysis, the X-ray analysis, the chemical analysis, the cation exchange capacity measurement and the ethylenglycol absorption measurement with the samples. The results obtained are as follows.
(1) The chief difference between upland soil clay and salt field soil clay as well as sea mud clay is that the clay mineral of the former is halloysite but the latter contains three layer lattice mineral, illite or chlorite, besides halloysite.
(2) The salt field soil clay in Kagawa prefecture and the sea mud clay in the Matsunaga bay (Hiroshima prefecture) consist of hydrated halloysite, halloysite and illite, on the other hand both the salt field soil clay and the sea mud clay in Tokushima prefecture consist of chlorite and illite mixed with hydrated halloysite and halloysite.
(3) From the above result it is suggested that the mineralogical composition of the salt field soil clay and sea mud clay has close connection to their parent rock rather than their environmental condition.

View full abstract

Hexyl-Mg or hexyl-Ca is no less hopeful than perchlorates as the precipitant in the brine or hexyl-salt is carried out industrially, but we have no details about it. This author etc. proposed the fuudamental study about the separation of K in brine or bittern as perchlorate, formerly. But for the industrial extraction of K in brine as hexyl-K, the collection of hexyl from the hexyl-K is the most important problem, Formerly, this author etc. asertained that much excess amount and high concentration of HCl and high temperature are neseccary for the decomposition of hexyl-K by only HCl, and so it was known that by only HCl this decomposition of Hexyl-K is hopeless industrially. moreover, this author fundamentally studied the application of many kinds of water-insoluble organic solvent on the decomposition of Hexyl-K in the place of such water-soluble organic solvent as acetone in Eng. Patent 667,511 and so, in this report.(I) what influences are brought into the extraction ratio of K, adhesion of Mg⁺⁺ and the loss of hexyl with the concentration and amount of the pre-cipitant when hexyl-Mg is used fon thr precipitant.(II) In the case of the application of ethyl-ether, n-propylalcohol+n-propyl-ether, n-Buthylalcohol+n-buthyl-ether, acetic buthyl-ester, n-amylalcohl and fuser oil, what influences are brought into the extraction ratio of K (as KCl soln.) from Hexyl-K with the concentration of HCl, the amont of HCl and the amount of organic solvent are discussed.

View full abstract