A couple of Oukan technology forums on Society 5.0 were held in 2019. Through these lectures, the importance of knowledge synthesis was reaffirmed. In this paper, based on the contents of the lectures at these forums, how to integrate knowledge to realize Society 5.0 is explained, and the enablers, which are items necessary for the realization, are sorted out. It also discusses the development of human resources who strive to realize such innovations.

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“Society 5.0”, which is known as a new vision proposed by Japan's National Cabinet in 2016, is not only the science and technology-led policy but also the composition of the meaningful concepts for future society to be aimed following the digital revolution. This paper is approaching to the meaning of this comprehensive vison by focusing on the key phrases described in the documents such as the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan in 2016. It discusses on the directionality of the academic research and development under the new methodology for the habitat innovation promoted by H-UTokyo Lab. in order to realize the concepts of “Society 5.0” through profound consideration of the three important key concepts; merging of cyber space and physical space, balance between the solution of social issues and economic growth, and people-centric society.

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Health disparities between communities, municipalities, or social groups exist in Japanese society. Pathways from background to health are complex involving social environmental factors, life courses, psychological and social factors such as depression and social participation, health behavior, and biological systems. Through longitudinal studies and community intervention studies, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to build a community or society facilitating social participation having a positive effect on health. Scientific evidence supporting the theory of “primordial prevention”, which aims to build a healthy community and society where living people become healthier, has been accumulated. It has entered the design stage for social implementation from the stage of searching for the supporting scientific basis. Design science aiming at the realization of “primordial prevention” requires “integration of knowledge”, transdisciplinary science and technology, and industry-government-academia collaboration.

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This paper identifies two challenges for the data-driven society with a human-centered concept. The first challenge is that we need to regulate individuals' behaviors in order to foster cooperation and avoid social dilemmas. Such a regulation system should be designed to effectively take into consideration various cognitive and motivational biases which may influence the effect of interventions for behavioral regulation. The second challenge involves moral issues caused by the implementation of data utilization technologies. The issues include expansion of inequality, increase in hierarchical ranking of individuals, and the ambiguity of AI's responsibility when problems arise. To face these challenges, we must rigorously clarify the constraints that the data-driven society imposes on each of us and the society as a whole, and continue with the discussions to explore a more desirable future.

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Increasing complexity of the modern society that requests diversified services need excellent systems to connect advanced technology and the society. The systems innovation is the advent of constructing, operating and evolving excellent systems. This article presents a general perspective of systems innovation in the past, present and the future. Special emphasis is placed on the role of systems innovation that converts manufacturing industry to service industry through the progress of automation. Also, the characterization of excellent systems is presented with relation to digitalization.

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In the DX (Digital Transformation) era, the significance of IT, which underpins the socio-economic activities, will continue to increase. IT must be used as an engine for creating new smart services and businesses, instead of tools for improving business efficiency and reducing costs as in the past. For that purpose, it is necessary to grasp IT as an entire system. This paper describes an overview of IT needed in the DX era from the technical viewpoints of software, which is an indispensable component of IT.

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The 4th Industrial Revolution (I 4.0) and Digital transformation (DX) require concurrent transformation in various aspects of the industrial system and its surrounding social systems. The various aspects are business model, the architecture and coordination mechanism of the industrial system, the method of products and solution development, the competitive environment, policies of industrial and science & technology, education system of working people, and the concept of work, etc. These transformation are led by paradigm shift.
Japanese companies' approaches to I 4.0 and DX have based on functional silos in many cases, have seemed to bring too slow and too small changes, and rarely have not led to a full-scale investment.
Because, it is not easy for Japanese companies to adopt the new paradigm, which is different from the one that has supported the past success of Japanese companies. Japanese companies and governments must design system innovation to realize “Economies of systems” from a comprehensive and long-term perspective.
This paper proposes the emerging conceptual framework of I 4.0 and DX to analyze this paradigm shift.

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This paper first reviews the evolution of data sciences from statistical sciences as the methodology to support the grammar of sciences. In addition, we clarify the roles of data sciences or statistical sciences that has contributed to system sciences, especially the role of approximate representation of the target system and the role of logical inferences in system performance evaluation.

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More than fifteen years have passed since the establishment of the Transdisciplinary Federation of Science and Technology (abbreviated name: TRAFST). The development of the philosophy of TRAFST in the last 15 years has created a cycle of the systems science to the transdisciplinary science and technology, and then, again to the systems science. However, it took 15 years to polish the second round of the systems science. It has been transformed into so-called the problem-solving systems science which has been practiced in both societal and business issues for these years. The process led to the born of the Systems Innovation Center (SIC). Current business environment is requesting to envision and to develop the sustainable globe, where societal and business knowledge for innovation practiced and accumulated in the TRAFST would be expected to much contribute to the SIC under the TRAFST and SIC Alliance.

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The philosophy and perspective of education policy of Systems Innovation Center is described. The poor situation of Japanese recurrent education is pointed out, as well as a crucial fallacy of traditional way of IT human resource development taken in Japan so far is also pointed out. It is a main target of our education to correct it by introducing the notion of systemic human resource. The idea, target, perspectives of our program of systemic human resource program is stated in accordance with our view of systems innovation which is based on the fundamental understanding of systems innovation. Some of our education programs are introduced, as well as the qualification of systemic human resource.

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In this study, we were able to theoretically explain the correctness of the management strategy developed by Taiwanese company(RT-Mart) who entered the Chinese market through a game theory analysis based on a two-stage model of spatial competition and price competition. In previous studies, the spatial competition model has not been enough to consider the price component, but only describes the market with poor price competition. Furthermore, it could not be applied in industries with intense spatial and price competition such as retail markets. The construction of our two-stage game model of spatial competition and price competition provided a rationale for explaining both the location competition and the price competition to explain the intense business strategy of the industry.

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