This paper reports on the process of clearing a space in Focusing by using the body-feeling method (focusing-oriented body scan) and the subsequent focusing process, and clarifies the characteristics of the bodyʼs feeling in the process and in the creation of space. The relationship between Focusing and the body-oriented approach was then examined. The focuser was a man in his 40s. The space creation of the body feeling method was conducted, followed by Focusing on the body feeling of concern. The body sensing space creation method begins with the feeling of the soles of the feet, which are in contact with the ground, and explores the feelings in each part of the body. The body has both positive and negative sensations, and both sensations are carried throughout the body. The genealogy of the body-oriented approach was further examined, and it was suggested that a new development can be expected when the body- oriented approach and Focusing are combined.

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This study identified differences between nursing studentsʼ ideal and current communication skills and examined the communication skills that need to be addressed. A questionnaire survey was administered to a total of 220 undergraduate nursing students and nursing vocational school students, asking about their ideal and current listening and speaking skills. The results confirmed a significant trend toward higher scores for the ideal than for the current of listening that facilitates and confirms the speakerʼs speech. No difference was observed in the listening style in which the speaker was accompanied by an atmosphere or action that facilitated the speakerʼs speech. The ideal was significantly higher than the current for speaking with facial expressions and gestures that matched the content of the conversation and for speaking in a concise and well-paced manner, while no difference was observed for speaking with consideration for the relationship with the listener and the listenerʼs ease of listening and for speaking through personal experience and familiar examples. These results suggest that nonverbal communication and concise expression skills are potential problems for nursing students.

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In the study, prototypes of the comprehensive single-item Level Of Positive And Negative Emotions & Sensations (LOPANES) and Single Dimensional Psychosomatic State Scale (SDPSS) were developed. These scales and a questionnaire survey including PANAS and GHQ 12 were administered to 83 vocational school students. The results showed that no floor or ceiling effects occurred in the LOPANES or SDPSS. The LOPES (Level of Positive Emotions and Sensations) of the LOPANES was positively correlated with positive indicators such as the psychosomatic state and positive emotions. On the other hand, the LONES (Level of Negative Emotions and Sensations) of the LOPANES was negatively correlated with negative indicators such as negative emotions of the PANAS and GHQ 12. Furthermore, the scale scores of the GHQ 12 were used to classify the high-risk group and the healthy group, and the mean values of each scale were compared. The results showed that the high-risk group was characterized by high LONES and low LOPES and psychosomatic state, whereas the healthy group had low LONES and high LOPES and psychosomatic state. Further studies are needed for the practical application of this scale in the future.

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The English verb phrase make preposition noun phrase is an important phrase for English learners, including “This chair is made of wood,” “Paper is made from wood,” and so on. In this paper, we will start with discussing how school grammar, traditional grammar, construction grammar, and cognitive grammar deal with this verb phrase. After this discussion, we will study this verb phrase on the basis of the Event-Structure metaphor proposed by cognitive grammar, which will help us to analyze this expression from the viewpoint of conventional metaphors. We will conclude that this verb phrase implies metaphorical movement rather than physical movement.

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