This paper reports on a focusing process regarding the relationships of contrasting groups and examines the development of the focusing process and the guiding methods used in it. The felt senses that the focuser felt about the contrasting group relationships were initially negative and positive, respectively, but as the focusing process progressed, the two merged into one at the end, connected as one but each moving freely. How the guiding technique of the three magics（ inner relationship, standing it, and wanting） was used in the focusing process was also examined.

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The English verb make has many usages and meanings. In “They made their flat into a beautiful home,” make means ‘to change something so that it becomes a different thing,’ while in “The smoke made him cough,” make means ‘to cause someone to do or feel something.’ 　I attempt to examine whether meanings and usages of make have some coherent semantic features on the basis of the properties which sentences with SVO construction have：⑴ There is a single specific agent and a single specific patient. ⑵ The agent has a “plan.” ⑶ The agent touches the patient either with his body or an instrument. ⑷ The change of state is physical., and others. 　I hope that the attempt made in this paper will contribute to teaching and learning basic English verbs.

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The study examined the effects of the Ego-Strengthening technique of Activates Generic Resources (ES-AGR) on mental and physical state in a general healthy population. The focus was on people with a Strong Sense of Coherence (SOC), who were able to mobilize more resources to cope with stress. The physical and mental state of 16 university students was measured before and after the ES-AGR and examined by SOC group. The results of the analysis showed that no difference between the Pre score and Post score of the mental and physical state could be confirmed, and the same was true when examined by group of SOC. However, certain effect sizes were shown, indicating that the ES-AGR may have a positive impact even in people with weak SOC. This was thought to be because the ES-AGR contained allusions to unremembered resources. In addition, the physical and mental status of two of the participants decreased from high values to around the theoretical median, but their free-text results were positive in both cases. In addition, descriptions that could be considered as accessing resources were identified for some of them.

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In the study, a pencil version of the Single-Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT) was developed because non-permissive attitudes towards criminal and disruptive behaviors may be influenced by social desirability in a questionnaire survey. In the pilot survey, stimulus words for criminal and disruptive behaviors and non-permissive attitudes were collected from 22 general university students. In the main survey, 113 general university students were administered a pencil version of the ST-IAT which was developed from the pilot survey and questionnaires which could measure non-permissive attitudes towards criminal and disruptive behaviors. The results of the analysis showed that general university students were implicitly and explicitly intolerant of criminal and disruptive behaviors, and no gender differences were identified. In addition, the relationships between the non-permissive attitudes towards criminal and disruptive behaviors and social desirability were not significant both explicitly and implicitly. The reliability and validity of the pencil version of ST-IAT for criminal and disruptive behaviors needs to be verified in the future.

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Prevalent negative perceptions surrounding hypnosis have considerably eroded the social trust in hypnotherapists, who are professionals expected to offer interpersonal help through hypnosis. This study compared the levels of conscious and non-conscious social trust in hypnotherapists, hypnotists who misuse hypnosis, and psychotherapists (a collective term for professionals offering interpersonal help.) The conscious and non-conscious aspects of social trust in each professional category were assessed among 47 university students. Utilizing the semantic differential method and Implicit Association Test, the conscious and non-conscious scores of social trust in hypnotherapists, psychotherapists, and hypnotists were obtained. The analysis revealed that both conscious and non-conscious scores of social trust were significantly higher for psychotherapists, followed by hypnotherapists and then hypnotists. However, the non-conscious scores of social trust in hypnotherapists were reversed from negative to positive when compared to psychotherapists or hypnotists. This suggests that it cannot be claimed that the trust in hypnotherapists is neutral. Our findings underscore the importance of disseminating accurate information about hypnosis to increase the social trust in hypnotherapists.

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