目的：われわれはリアルタイム性と非侵襲性を兼ね備えた超音波検査法（エコー）を用いて側頭筋厚を評価する側頭部エコーを栄養評価・栄養モニタリング法として確立してきた。今回、重度褥瘡患者に対して側頭部エコーを用いた在宅栄養管理を行った症例を報告する。
　方法：90歳女性。寝たきり状態であり、仙骨部に皮下脂肪層にまで到達する褥瘡（ブレーデンスケール9点、DESIGN-R^® D4-E6s6I3G0（24点））があり、医師より栄養介入依頼を受けた。介入前6ヵ月で2kg（4.7％）の体重減少があり、介入時には身長144cm、体重40kg、BMI 19.3kg/m²と痩せ傾向を認め、側頭筋厚3.8mm、血清Alb 3.3g/dLであった。必要栄養量をエネルギー1369-1597kcal/日、蛋白質57-68g/日とし栄養管理計画を立案。介入時にはエネルギー1375kcal、蛋白質38gと栄養摂取不足を認めたため、高蛋白の濃厚流動食200kcal分を追加した。2週間後、さらなる側頭筋厚減少を認めたため、濃厚流動食400kcal分を追加。その後は側頭筋厚の増加を認め、介入12週間で体重42kg、BMI 20.3kg/m²、側頭筋厚4.3mm、血清Alb 3.5g/dLへ改善し、褥瘡治癒にいたった。
　考察・結論：側頭部エコーは在宅において非侵襲的かつリアルタイムにエネルギー充足状況を判定でき、在宅での褥瘡患者の栄養管理に有用な可能性がある。

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研究目的ローラドラフトにおいて, トップローラのスリップが, ドラフトにどのような影響を及ぼすかについて, 理論的に考.えようとした.研究結果ボットムローラの表面速度にたいして, トップローラのスリップによる速度の減少は (h/2η) (2P-F) であり, 纎維の平均速度の減少は (h/6η) (3P-2F) である.但し記号は本文に示したとおりである.この価を用いてドラフト比を変化させる諸因子すなわちトップローラの制動抵抗, ローラウエイト, ローラゲージ, 纎維引拔抵抗, ミドルローラの介在等について, その影響を論じ, 最後にずれの理論を適用して, ローラスリップが錘毎に異なるためドラフト配分の最適値がどのように変化するかについて考えた.

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ZnTeは2.26eVのバンドギャップをもつ直接遷移型半導体であり，緑色LEDの有望な材料である。これまで，膜厚制御に有利で量産化に適した成長法として減圧有機金属化学気相法に注目して，高品質なZnTe膜の作製条件を探ると共に一部燐ドープZnTeエピ膜の特性を評価してきた。そこで，本研究では減圧有機金属化学気相法による燐ドープZnTeエピ膜の特性評価を幅広く行うことで，As-grownとアニール処理後のZnTeエピ膜の電気的光学的性質のドーパント供給量や反応室圧力の依存性を明瞭にしようとした。また，本研究により，10¹⁹cm^-3台の高キャリア密度のp型ZnTe膜を得ることができた。

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This study was performed to determine plasma lipid changes and antioxidant status in relation to cholesterol content and fatty acid distribution in the aorta of rats after long-term ovariectomy (OV). After 12 months, OV induced in rat plasma a significant increase in glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides compared with the corresponding values for the control rats (C) of the same age (p<0.0005, p<0.005, p<0.000S, respectively). These changes were associated with a significant increase in lipid peroxide level (p<0.05) and a significant decrease in vitamin E in the plasma from group OV compared with the group C level (p<0.0001). Conversely, OV after 7 and 12 months induced a significant increase in vitamin C (p<0.001, p<0.0001, respectively). Concerning plasma fatty acid distribution, after 12 months, OV caused a significant increase in gamma and dihomo gamma linolenic acid (p<0.0005, p<0.05, respectively). These changes were associated with a significant increase in aortic cholesterol in group OV (p<0.0005), and a significant decrease in the percentage of arachidonic acid (p<0.005) and of the total amount of fatty acids of the n-3 series (p<0.0001) and plasmalogen fatty acids (C16:0, p<0.005; C 18:0, p<0.05) compared with the corresponding values for group C. These results show that OV induced, independently of any effects of aging, plasma-specific lipid alterations with dysregulation of oxidative status, which could be crucial in the development of atherothrombotic disease.

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ラードと魚油の混合割合を変え, n-3P/n-6P比の異なる5種類の油脂を投与し, 血清と肝臓の脂質組成への影響を観察するとともに, 血清, 血小板, 肝臓, 睾丸, 副睾丸周辺脂肪組織の脂肪酸組成, ならびにC_20:5/C_20:4比の変動を比較検討した。その結果は次のとおりであった。
1) 血清TC, TG, PLの低下には, n-3P/n-6P比0.92で十分であり, それ以上比率が増加しても低下はみられなかった。HDL-Cho 濃度は, n-3P/n-6P比が増加すると低下することが認められた。
2) 肝臓のTC濃度は, n-3P/n-6P比が増加しても変化しなかったが, TG濃度は低下した。PL濃度はn-3P/n-6P比の増加により上昇したが, その高低とは関連性が認められなかった。
3) 血清, 肝臓, 睾丸および睾丸周辺脂肪組織では, 飼料脂質のn-3P/n-6P比が増加するにつれて, n-6系PUFAのC_18:2とC_20:4は減少し, n-3系PUFAのC_20:5とC_20:6は上昇した。
4) 血小板では, C_18:2の割合は飼料脂質のn-3P/n-6P比2.34まで上昇し, それ以降大きな変動が認められなかった。また, 飼料脂質のn-3P/n-6P比が高まるにつれて, C_20:4は緩慢に減少, C_20:5はn-3P/n-6P比2.34まで上昇, それ以降はほとんど変動が認められなかった。
5) 血清, 肝臓および血小板のC_20:5/C_20:4比は, 飼料脂質のn-3P/n-6P比5.13まで速やかに上昇し, それ以降は緩慢な上昇を示した。
6) 以上の結果は, 生体内の脂質代謝が食事脂質中のn-3P/n-6P比により影響されることから, n-3Pとn-6Pの摂取バランスを適当に保持することの重要性を示唆している。

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The reaction of 1, 3-disubstituted benzimidazolium halides (1a-d, 16) with diethyl- and dimethyl acylphosphonates (2a-b, 12a-b) were investigated. 1 : 1 adducts (3a-b) were obtained from the reactions of 1a and 2a-b. From the reactions of 1a with 12a-b, 1b-d with 2a, and 1b-d with 12a-b were obtained betaines (13a-b, 3c-e, 13c-f), respectively. The adduct 3a was synthesized by an alternative method. Alkaline treatment of both 3a and 3b afforded 1, 3-dimethyl-2-(1-hydroxy)benzyl- and ethylbenzimidazolium iodides (8a-b) as major products. Alkaline treatment of betaines (13a-d, 3c-e) gave only corresponding 2-imidazolinones and/or ring-opened N-formates. Neither of the adducts gave corresponding quinoxaline derivatives. In the case of the reactions of 1, 3-dimethyl-5-nitrobenzimidazolium iodide (16) with 2a-b were obtained 1 : 1 adducts (17a-b) accompanied by ring-opened phosphates (18a-b). The reactions of 16 with 12a-b gave betaines (23a-b). Neither of 17a-b, 18a-b, or 23a-b gave corresponding quinoxaline derivatives. Treatment of 17a with dimethylsulfoxide afforded 1, 4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-7-nitro-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-2-quinoxalinone (25) in moderate yield. The mechanisms of these reactions are discussed briefly.

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The title ligand, C₃₀H₄₆N₉O₂P₃, is a cyclophosphazenic lariat (PNP pivot) ether with a spiro-cyclic 11-membered macrocyclic ring, containing two N and two ether O atoms, and four pyrrolidino rings; the phosphazene ring is not planar. It belongs to the space group P2₁/n with cell parameters a = 9.2134(8), b = 9.826(3), c = 36.150(4)Å and β = 90.097(9)°. The macrocyclic ring contains a three-centered (bifurcate) N-H…O hydrogen bond, and the relative inner-hole size (radius) of the macroring is ∼1.16 Å.

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Brachionus plicatilis 複合種 SS および L 型に及ぼす3 種の栄養強化剤（DHA 強化クロレラ，冷凍ナンノクロロプシスおよび乳化筋子油）の餌料効果を比べた（対照区：濃縮淡水クロレラ）。両型ワムシの増殖速度と脂肪酸含量は試験区間で変化した。 非極性脂質と極性脂質の含量はワムシ型間で変化した。可溶性タンパク質は両型で DHA 強化クロレラおよび生クロレラ給餌で多かった。冷凍ナンノクロロプシスを除いた全ての試験区で，SS 型の可溶性タンパク質含量は L 型よりも高かった。 ワムシ型に応じて，培養方法，強化剤の投与量および脂肪酸要求量を考慮する必要がある。

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褥瘡に対する直流パルス微弱電流刺激（Monophasic Pulsed Microcurrent: MPMC）療法は有効性が示されている．今回，新たに作成した改良電極の安全性確認を行い，褥瘡に対するMPMC療法を行った．改良電極は貼付電極の中央を切り抜き作成した．最大電位と部分的な温度上昇を確認することで安全性を確認し，改良電極を不関電極としたMPMC療法を実施した．創部中央に棒状の関電極を設置し，不関電極に囲まれた領域に電場が発生するよう，創を囲むように不関電極を配置した．刺激条件は電流強度200 μA，周波数2 Hz，パルス幅250 ms，刺激時間60分，頻度5回/週とした．改良前と比べ最大電位の明らかな変化や部分的な温度上昇はみられなかったことから，改良電極の安全性が確認された．また，改良電極を用いたMPMC療法は創の縮小を加速させた．既存の電極では創部への有効刺激領域が限られていたが，改良電極を用いたことにより創面全体に放射状の電場が生じ，創の加速的治癒を得られたと考える．

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　症例は79歳，女性で感染性褥瘡が増悪したため当院に紹介。背景にうつ病を有し，その治療薬による薬剤性嚥下機能障害がみられ著明な低栄養状態であった。褥瘡治療においては栄養状態の改善が望ましく，薬剤を調整することで経口摂取量が増え褥瘡も改善に向かった。また褥瘡の予防においては療養環境の整備が望ましく，退院後の療養先に関しては家族の介護負担や経済的を含めて検討することが重要である。今回，精神疾患を背景とする低栄養に伴う感染性褥瘡に対して，薬剤の副作用の観点・嚥下機能の観点・栄養管理の観点・療養環境の観点など複合的なアプローチによる治療が有効であった症例を経験したので，若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する。

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Pregnancy causes changes in the uterus, such as increased cell volume and altered water content. However, the mechanisms that protect the structure and maintain the function of uterine smooth muscle cells against these changes during pregnancy have not been clarified. This study focused on the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), which opens with cell swelling under low osmotic pressure and releases Cl^– ions and various organic osmolytes to resist cell swelling and regulates a wide range of biological processes such as cell death. In this study, myometrial smooth muscle (MSM) tissues and cells (MSMCs) were collected from non-pregnant and pregnant mice. Using western blotting and immunocytochemistry, leucine-rich repeat containing protein 8A (LRRC8A), an essential membrane protein that constitutes part of the VRAC, was determined to be diffused throughout MSMCs including in the cell membrane. Patch-clamp experiments were performed to investigate the electrophysiology of swelling-induced Cl^– currents (I_{Cl, swell}) mediated by the VRAC. No significant changes between non-pregnancy and pregnancy groups were observed in either the expression density of LRRC8A or the current density of I_{Cl, swell}, however the presence of LRRC8A on the cell membrane was significantly increased in the third trimester of pregnancy compared to the non-pregnancy. This study suggests that the VRAC may play a role, such as maintaining cellular homeostasis in the pregnant MSM.

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Several authors have reported that metoclopramide (MCP), a dopaminergic antagonist, stimulates aldosterone secretion and that dopamine (DA) inhibits the MCP-mediated aldosterone secretion in man. However, many controversial results have been reported relating to the direct effect of MCP and DA on the secretion of aldosterone by adrenocortical cells in in vitro experiments. The present studies were designed to determine whether or not MCP and DA exerts its effect directly on the cultured human adrenocortical adenoma cells and adjacent non-adenoma cells obtained from patients with primary aldosteronism. A bolous intravenous injection of 10 mg MCP significantly increased the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) from 255 ± 57 pg/ml (mean ± SD) to 386 ± 98 pg/ml after 15 min in patients with primary aldosteronism. But MCP (10^-10-10^-16M) failed to increase aldosterone secretion from both adenoma cells and non-adenoma cells in culture. DA (10^-9 and 10^-6M) did not suppress the basal secretion and the enhanced secretion of aldosterone by A II or ACTH in cells of either culture. The analysis by HPLC showed that 57% of dopamine hydrochloride added in the medium was preserved after 60 min incubation. These results suggest that MCP and DA do not act directly on the human adrenal glomerulosa cells in the regulation of aldosterone secretion.

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We previously reported that lipids extracted from salted herring roe product (Kazunoko), which contains large amounts of cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), decreased plasma lipid and glucose concentrations in mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Kazunoko containing large amounts of protein on lipid and glucose metabolism in mice. Male Crlj:CD-1 (ICR) mice were fed three experimental diets containing lyophilized Kazunoko for 12 wk. The experimental diets were as follows: without Kazunoko (control diet); 1% Kazunoko (1% Kazunoko diet); and 4% Kazunoko (4% Kazunoko diet). Plasma total cholesterol, phospholipid and glucose concentrations tended to be lower in the 1% and 4% Kazunoko diet groups than in the control diet group. There were significant differences in plasma glucose concentration between the control and 4% Kazunoko diet groups (p<0.05). Plasma adiponectin concentrations in mice fed the 4% Kazunoko diet were also significantly higher than in those fed the control diet (p<0.05), but there were no marked differences in plasma insulin concentration among the three dietary groups. Hepatic total cholesterol and phospholipid contents tended to be lower in the 4% Kazunoko diet group than in control diet group. Plasma and hepatic n-3/n-6 ratios in the 1% Kazunoko diet and 4% Kazunoko diet groups were significantly higher when compared with those of the control diet group (p<0.005 and p<0.0005, respectively). These results suggest that ingestion of Kazunoko influences lipid and glucose metabolism in mice fed the Kazunoko diets, as compared with animals fed the control diet.

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Shakuyakukanzoto (shao-yao-gan-cao-tang) is a commonly used Chinese traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of acute pain with muscle cramp. However, its mechanism of action is unclear. We previously reported that a low concentration of Kanzo (licorice) and isoliquiritigenin, a component of licorice, inhibited the potassium (K⁺) current in H9c2 cells. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of Shakuyakukanzoto, Shakuyaku or Kanzo on the K⁺ current (IKur) in H9c2 cells. Shakuyakukanzoto inhibited IKur in a concentration-dependent manner. The half-maximal concentration of Shakuyakukanzoto was approximately 1.3 mg/mL and the Hill coefficient was 1.2. The order of potency of inhibiting IKur was Kanzo>Shakuyakukanzoto>Shakuyaku. Glycyrrhizin, a major component of licorice, had no inhibitory effect on IKur. A small interfering RNA experiment indicated that IKur was most likely to be Kv2.1 in H9c2 cells. Our results suggest that Shakuyakukanzoto may normalize intracellular and extracellular K⁺ balance by inhibiting IKur and reducing K⁺ efflux, while the Na⁺-K⁺ pump promotes K⁺ influx into myofibers. Consequently, excess K⁺ may be reduced from external space of myofibers. This may be a part of the Shakuyakukanzoto mechanism for improving muscle pain.

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本研究では、EC サイトに焦点を置きゲーミフィケーションにおける有効なアフォーダンス要素を探求する。ケーススタディを通し、生態心理学の観点から相互行為儀礼の連鎖を形成させるアフォーダンスを取り入れたサイトがより良いパフォーマンスを発揮する傾向があることを明らかにしている。本研究は社会学、生態心理学、ゲーミフィケーションとのつながりによってマーケティング分野における新たな戦略発想に貢献することを目指す。

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A method of solution to determining the thermal stress of an infinite elastic region under the conditions of linear thermoelasticity and containing some spherical cavities is illustrated by two examples for the problems containing two and three spherical cavities. The fundamental equations governing the temperature distribution in a solid are first derived and then the elastic stresses in the solid bodies under prescribed temperature distributions are determined to satisfy the boundary conditions on the peripheries of the cavities. The method consists of a general series form of stress function in spherical coordinates, and it can be developed for a variety of cavity numbers and sizes. In this paper, the illustration for three cavities is given, and the numerical results are reported.

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