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Article type: Cover
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1997
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Article type: Cover
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
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Keiichi IMAMOTO, Hiroshi OHTANI
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
1-8
Published: May 30, 1997
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Using low water cement ratio composition and silica fume is very effective to obtain the high strength concrete. However, it is often indicated that autogenous shrinkage strain increases in high strength concrete because of finer microstructure of hydrated cement paste. Therefore it is important to consider the influence of autogenous shrinkage when conducting the stress analysis of ultra high strength concrete structural members. In this study ,we analyzed the stress of reinforced ultra high strength concrete frame considering the influence of not only thermal stress but also stress due to autogenous shrinkage. Cracking in the structural members which could not be explained by only thermal stress, could be explained by considering the influence of the stress due to autogenous shrinkage.
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Kyoji TANAKA, Keesun BAE, Noboru YUASA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
9-13
Published: May 30, 1997
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Osmotic pressure induced by semi-permeability of hardened cement mortar was studied. The apparatus composed of the two cells, one of which is filled with NaCl solution of 2mol and the other is filled with distilled water, was developed to measure osmotic pressure. Mortar disks of three levels of thickness from 5 to 15mm were adopted as test specimens, and osmotic pressure, water permeability and ion movement were measured at 30℃ for the specimens with water cement ratios such as 45,60 and 75%. The following results were obtained. 1.Osmotic pressure is basically affected by movability of water, Na^+ and Cl-Ion in cement mortar.and maximum osmotic pressure, 1.2MPa was observed. 2.Hardened cement mortar may be considered as semi-permeable material with low reflection coefficient.
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Hidenori ONO, Soo Kyung CHOI, Junko IDOGAWA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
15-20
Published: May 30, 1997
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The purpose of the study is to establish the evaluation method of the fracture of framed floors and walls under dynamic loads affected by human. In this paper, part 3, based on properties of dynamic loads affected by human and the basic mechanics of the apparatus investigated in part 1 and part 2, the apparatus for evaluating the fracture was newly developed. Then the evaluation method of the fracture was presented using the magnitude of loads when the fracture was detected under the load affected by the new apparatus.
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Shinobu ISHIGAMI, Hirotake IKENAGA, GOTO SHIMIZU, Masaaki SAKUTA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
21-27
Published: May 30, 1997
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Through the examination of the effect of geometrical patterns on the evaluation of stains on external building walls, it was led the following results. The lighter an impression of the designed geometrical patterns is, the stronger the people's negative perceptions of stains become. The people's negative perceptions of stains become small as geometrical patterns are designed in high density. Compared with geometrical patterns, color has more influence on the appearance of the stains in designing.
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Jun SAKAMOTO, Yasuhiro MORI
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
29-36
Published: May 30, 1997
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A probabilistic method to determine two classes of load models for use in safety and functionality limit state design based on order statistics of basic variables (hazard intensity) was presented in the previous paper. Applying the method, two classes of hazard intensity are evaluated and the probabilistic characteristics of the hazard models are discussed. Snow-fall hazard and wind hazard are dealt as annual occurrence time-series in which the annual maximum intensity of snow-fall depth and wind velocity are used as the basic variates. Earthquake hazard are dealt as Poisson occurrence time-series and the earthquake acceleration estimated from historical seismic data are used as basic variables.
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Yutaka MATSUBA, Minoru TOMIZAWA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
37-43
Published: May 30, 1997
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Two effects of investing semi-circular curved linear-motor device for absorbing vibration of single-degree-of-freedom structure subjected to earthquake groud motion with arbitrary distributed artificial gravity are described. The one is to be able to adjust natural period of pendulum motion of auxiliary mass, that provides passive force by sliding oneself on semi-circular curved rail in the device, without remaking curvature of the rail. The other is to be able to suppress reckless motion of the auxiliary mass without significant loss of efficiency of vibration control when violent ground motion attacking. These effects are verified by computer simulations and shaking table tests on a single story steel structured model with the device subjected to artificial earthquake ground motion.
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Kazuo DAN, Masaru KIKUCHI, Akira FUKUKITA, Isao NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
45-52
Published: May 30, 1997
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A very large acceleration of 1.6 g was observed on the first floor of the Meiwa Elementary School, Hokkaido, during the largest aftershock of the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki earthquake. In order to investigate the cause of this very large acceleration, this paper described the building three-dimensionally as an assembly of nonlinear elements because its plan was not a simple rectangle, and then the base-rock motions were estimated at a depth of 8.6 m after evaluating the soil-structure interaction. The resultant base-rock motions made it clear that the large acceleration of 1.6 g was ascribed mainly to the amplification factor of up to 30 at about 4 Hz from the base rock to the first floor of the building.
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Masaru KIKUCHI, Kazuo DAN, Osamu JOH, Yasuaki GOTO, Hideo TANAKA, Kazu ...
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
53-62
Published: May 30, 1997
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Four buildings at the Kushiro Technical High School, damaged in the 1993 Kushiro-Oki and the 1994 Hokkaido-Toho-Oki earthquakes, were modeled as an assembly of nonlinear elements to verify our present techniques for earthquake-resistant design of structures. The input motions were independently evaluated based on the strong motions recorded on the ground at the Kushiro District Meteorological Observatory, 2km west of the school, and the soil-structure interaction was taken into account. The results of the dynamic response analysis showed a good agreement with the detail of different degree of the damage to the four buildings.
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Shintaro OHBA, Naoko HAMAKAWA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
63-70
Published: May 30, 1997
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This paper mainly discusses changes in the natural period of buildings before and after pile failure based on microtremor measurements. Many underground piles were significantly damaged during the 1995 Hyogoken- Nanbu earthquake. The results of analysis indicate that the natural period of the buildings which suffered from pile damage, is longer than that of the buildings without pile damage. However, after the reconstruction of piles, the natural period tends to be shorter than that of buildings with damaged piles, and is similar to that of buildings with undamaged piles. These facts show that the damage to the pile foundation can be evaluated from the natural period of buildings based on microtremor mesurements.
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Jun KANDA, Ryoji IWASAKI
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
71-77
Published: May 30, 1997
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A generation method of the input time history which causes the largest response to SDOF with origine-oriented hystereses is proposed. The linear phase property is extracted from waves generated with phases selected properly at the time of the reverse point of the response displacement and devel- oped to the generation method. Finally critical waves with the linear phase property are generated for two types of power spectra, one is smooth as Kanai-Tajimi power spectrum and the other is notchy as the spectrum of the recorded, and compared with those with rand am phases.
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Katsuhisa KANDA, Masato MOTOSAKA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
79-86
Published: May 30, 1997
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The covariance response analysis method with the boundary element method has been developed considering the spatial variation of incident waves. The spatial variation is modeled with the exponential-decayed coherence function. The accuracy of the method is verified with the Monte Carlo simulation. The spatial variation of incident wave weakens the effect of irregular topography such as focusing and shadowing of ground motion. The effect of spatial variation of incident waves depend on frequency and the type of topographic irregularity. The soil amplification characteristics derived from the data observed by a vertical array at Kushiro J.M A site is adopted as a target of practical validation of the presented method. The results based on the presented method agree well with the target.
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Masahiro CHIBA, Mitsuharu KURATA, Kouji KURODA, Kazushige ASARI
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
87-94
Published: May 30, 1997
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This paper proposes a new approximate method for vibration analysis of frames having multi-story shear walls by reducing the degree-of-freedom and nodes in finite element model. The proposed method is based on applying the displacement function for reducing the nodes of shear walls in the model and the reduction of dynamic matrices. Finite element models reducing the degree-of-freedom and nodes by the method are analyzed. In conclusion, the analyzed results of the deformation and member forces of the model are approximate to the exact solutions. The proposed method can be applied as an approximate method of analysis for the three-dimensional vibration of buildings.
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Kohji TOKIMATSU, Hiroshi OH-OKA, Yasuhiro SHAMOTO, Yoshiharu ASAKA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
95-100
Published: May 30, 1997
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Inclinometer survey and television observation are conducted for piles of a building that experienced severe tilt due to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake. The result of the field tests together with a preliminary analysis has shown that (1) there is a significant difference in the failure and deformation patterns of piles along the line perpendicular to the shoreline, and (2) this difference could have been induced by the change in the lateral ground displacements along the line.
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Minoru KANECHIKA, Osamu KONTANI, Masayuki NAGANO, Yoshinori MIHARA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
101-106
Published: May 30, 1997
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The objective of this study is to establish a simple soil-structure-interaction analysis system in time domain with frequency-dependent soil springs. This paper presents formulation of equations employed in the analysis system. In the system, the non-linear analysis is performed for each iteration step in the time domain using the soil springs with linear approximation, while frequency-dependence of soil springs is evaluated in the frequency domain as pseudo-forces which are recalculated in each iteration step. A response of a building with embedment is investigated using the proposed system.
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Minoru KANECHIKA, Katsuya IGARASHI, Kazuo MUROI, Kinji AKINO
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
107-114
Published: May 30, 1997
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Nonlinear dynamic analysis methods for reinforced concrete shear walls of reactor buildings are proposed. In the methods, the strain rate effects are considered on skeleton curves of the shear walls. The effects are re-evaluated based on test results. The proposed methods are applied to the simulation analysis of shaking table tests of the reinforced concrete shear walls. The calculation results by the proposed method show better agreement with the test results than the calculation results from the conventional method do.
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Hisato HOTTA, Katsuki TAKIGUCHI
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
115-119
Published: May 30, 1997
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In this paper, a new method to improve flexural ductility of reinforced concrete column is proposed. This new method is to add peculiar longitudinal bars symmetrically wrought so as to be effective against compression but not effective against tension. The members with those additional bars may have the same performance as the ones in which the longitudinal bars are arranged eccentrically presented in the previous paper while they keep symmetrical section required to the interior column. Their seismic performance was investigated empirically as they were compared with the ordinary members'. According to the authors' expectation, the proposed method greatly improves the ductility of the members.
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Naoki TANAKA, Seiji AKIYAMA, Yasumi SHIMURA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
121-128
Published: May 30, 1997
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H-beam to box column connections have been ordinary fabricated by the welding method with interior diaphragms. In this method, there are some problems on their fabrication and structural behaviors, because of the complication regarding the details of the welding connections. In this paper, the bolted H-beam to box column connections with split tees and blind bolts are proposed to solve the above problems. Tensile tests were carried out on local models of the connection to understand their structural behaviors. From the tests, it is confirmed that the stiffness and the strength of the connections without diaphragms are improved by covering the column with L-section steel, expanding the distance of bolts, and increasing column thickness. Also the load-displacement relationships can be approximated by the analysis assuming a square frame for column section on the basis of beam theory.
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Ryuji ENDO, Takuji HAMAMOTO, Nobuyoshi TOSAKA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
129-134
Published: May 30, 1997
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This paper is concerned with experimental modal analysis to estimate the dynamic properties of unit-linked large floating structure models. Floating structure models are consisted of eighth units. Every unit is linked by flat springs. A floating model is anchored by spring-wires on base edges of each unit The vibration tests were carried out by using the impact hummer test and the sweep harmonic excitation method. The vertical acceleration response are measured on upper surfaces of the models by arranging accelerometers on each unit The transfer functions defined by normalized input and output data are analyzed by means of a multi-channel modal analysis software. The modal properties such as natural frequencies and natural modes were estimated by using the curve fitting of frequency response functions. These experimental results were compared with theoretical values obtained by using a two dimentional lumped-mass model with the aid of BEM to consider the fluid-structure interaction.
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Mamoru IWATA, Masako YONEDA, Akira WADA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
135-142
Published: May 30, 1997
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Building production has been studied so far mainly from the standpoints of building designers and constructors, not from the standpoint of the building material manufactures. However, the utilization ratio of industrialized building materials has drastically increased and thus the role of the building material manufactures in building production has become more significant, especially in steel structures. This study looks at building production from the standpoint of a steel manufacture. We present the hierarchy of a building and cases where steel structure supply systems correspond to the hierarchy. We studied the feasibility of each of these cases by conferring with professors, designers, constructors, steel fabricators and steel manufactures.
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Article type: Cover
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1997 Volume 62 Issue 495 Pages
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