Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ)
Online ISSN : 1881-8153
Print ISSN : 1340-4202
ISSN-L : 1340-4202
Volume 71, Issue 609
Displaying 1-35 of 35 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages Cover41-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages Cover42-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages App72-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages App73-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages App74-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages App75-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages App76-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages App77-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages App78-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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  • Ippei MARUYAMA, Takafumi NOGUCHI, Ryoichi SATO
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 1-8
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    High strength concrete, which is characterized by a low water to cement ratio, has larger cement content than ordinary concrete. Even if die cross sectional area of reinforced concrete member is reduced on account of high strength, significant temperature rise at an early age can be observed. Additionally the low water to cement ratio leads autogenous shrinkage in the concrete. These phenomena may jeopardize durability and appearance of concrete members due to early age cracking. Regarding this problem, it is of vital importance to predict distribution and histories of temperature and moisture, which play important roles in early age cracking. In this research, based on the hydration model, heat and moisture transport behavior including latent phenomenon is modeled. And a potential of the proposed model is investigated with comparison of experimental data. As a result, it shows that the proposed model has a high potential to render the experimental data.
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  • Masanori KONO, Yoshihiro MASUDA
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 9-14
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    Based on the literature on the carbonation of concrete covered with the textured finishing of the outdoor exposure was conducted, the relation between exposure years and carbonation suppressive effects of coating materials for textured finishes was examined, and the adaptability of proposed the carbonation suppressive effects evaluation method of concrete considering the aging of corting materials for textured finishes was verified. As the result, it was proven that the lower limit within carbonation resistance which proposed the carbonation resistance for carbonation prediction expression was adequate, and the usefulness of proposing carbonation prediction method was able to be confirmed.
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  • Yutaka YOKOYAMA, Takeshi YOKOI
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 15-22
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    This thesis aims to propose a quality index on evenness of concrete floor groundworks. First, nine kinds of concretes were constructed as specimens under three grades of execution circumstances, measuring slump flow and finishability. Next, evenness of specimens were measured. Finally, as the quality index, relations between evenness and slump flow, finishability were shown in each of circumstances. The following are described from this index; 1. Using same concrete, execution circumstance greatly influences evenness. 2. Evenness is principally influenced by finishability, when the circumstance is upper. On the other hand, it is influenced by slump flow under poor circumstance.
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  • Takuya HASEGAWA, Osamu SENBU, Taka-aki OHUKUBO, Junko KOGA
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 23-30
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    No techniques have yet been established for matching specifications for building durability to those requested by the building user. The authors study the development of Object-based durability design. This paper deals with the carbonation preventive effects in coating materials for reinforced concrete components as an example, and the selection technique of the appropriate finishing material based on the point of view of deterioration preventive effects. This paper shows our experiments and literature surveys for identifying carbonation preventive effects in coating materials and proposes an approach to estimate the progress of carbonation for concrete with coating materials applied to the surface under outdoor exposure condition.
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  • Takashi YAMANE, Sumio NAGAHASHI
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 31-40
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    In this paper, a generation method of simulated vertical earthquake ground motion for the structural design of buildings is proposed. In the method, the observed data corresponded to the horizontal component, which is selected in generating the horizontal motion, is applied to the Fourier phase of the vertical motion. The Fourier amplitude of the vertical motion on the seismic bedrock is regarded as the same as the one prescribed for the horizontal one, since it is indicated that the SH and SV waves on the seismic bedrock have the similar Fourier amplitude averagely and this idea is verified by analyzing recorded earthquake motions. The vertical motion on the ground is synthesized with the Fourier phase and amplitude above-mentioned considering the soil amplification. It is, moreover, illustrated that the resemblance between the H/V spectrum and the transfer function of the soil can be explained by the similarity between the SH and SV waves' Fourier amplitude on the seismic bedrock.
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  • Hiroyuki TAGAWA, Gregory MACRAE, Laura LOWES
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 41-48
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    A 1D MDOF coupled shear-flexural-beam model is proposed to represent 2D strong-column weak-beam moment frame models of structures. In the 1D coupled model, a story subassembly is extracted from the 2D frame and it is modeled as a SDOF oscillator in the shear-beam of the 1D MDOF coupled model. The column continuity is represented by an elastic flexural-beam in the coupled model. The original 2D moment frame models and proposed simple 1D MDOF structural models are analyzed for many ground motions and their maximum story drift angles are compared. It is found that the 1D MDOF coupled models have similar maximum drift responses to the original 2D moment frame models if the appropriate flexural-beam parameters are used.
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  • Takeshi WATANABE, Kouichi SHIBATA
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 49-56
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    We studied a restoring force model that considers post-buckling and a new analytical method for calculating the dynamic behavior of silos in earthquakes. In order to improve rational seismic design, we analyzed vibration responses to various seismic waves. In addition, we investigated a new method for analyzing the vibration response by comparing the static restoring force model with those of the newly developed dynamic restoring force model. We also propose an analytical model for the equivalent mass of one degree of freedom before and after buckling for effective mass vibration of silos in earthquakes. In the future, the research on new analytical model (dynamic hysteresis model and equivalent mass model) will enable the calculation of the vibration responses and reliable structure's specific coefficients of silos.
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  • Namihiko INOUE, Morimasa WATAKABE, Hidekazu NISHIMURA, Hiroaki RYUJIN, ...
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 57-64
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    Many studies to apply a magneto-rheological fluid (MR) damper as a variable damping device are carried out actively, In this paper we verify availability of semi-active vibration isolation using a large-size MR damper for a two-degree-of-freedom structure. Since the passive system is tuned to have specified dynamic property, there are some uncertainties about response under future large earthquakes. To avoid this problem, we take semi-active control and use an MR damper, which can produce appropriate damping forces by controlling magnetic field via input current. We apply the gain-scheduled (GS) control method to meet multiple objectives, i) suppressing responses of isolation layer, ii) without deterioration of acceleration of upper structure and iii) with only one damper. To apply the GS control method, based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI), the system with the semi-active MR damper should be transformed to a linear parameter-varying model. For verification of the control performance we carry out simulations and experiments for some kind of earthquakes using the 40 kN-class MR damper. Finally, in comparison with the skyhook damping control or a passive damper it is verified that the proposed method has good performance.
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  • Daiki SATO, Kazuhiko KASAI, Tetsuro TAMURA
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 65-73
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    In this paper, the wind tunnel test method for a building with either viscous damper or visco-elastic damper is developed. The test set-up includes a special measurement system to obtain the damper hysteresis loop, which is extremely useful to understand the dynamic characteristics of the damper and the system. The damper and system responses obtained from the free vibration tests and the wind tunnel tests using uniform flow are discussed. Three-dimensional heat transfer analysis and static analysis using the same finite element model of the visco-elastic damper are performed in order to estimate the temperature distribution of the visco-elastic damper under the wind loading.
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  • Nanako MARUBASHI, Toshikatsu ICHINOSE
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 75-80
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    This paper summarizes a study that aim to clarify the relation between the asymmetric response of the SDOF systems and the ground motion characteristics. The asymmetric response is affected by the ground acceleration more than the ground velocity. Rigid-Plastic Response Spectrum, which is newly defined as the relation between the base shear forces and maximum deformation of the rigid-plastic model, is useful to evaluate the effect of the ground motion on the asymmetric response of the elasto-plastic model.
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  • Hirohito TAKAHASHI, Nobuo FUKUWA, Koichi HAYASHI, Jun TOBITA
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 81-88
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    In order to apply Empirical Green's Function Method for strong motion prediction at arbitrary points where strong motion records are not available, we propose a new method to estimate ground motion at a site using observed record at nearby site and theoretically evaluated transfer functions between two sites. The transfer function is calculated from hybrid method composed of synthetic wave motions based on 3D-Finite Difference Method and 1D receiver effects that include radiation, propagation and site amplification effects of the P, SV and SH wave fields. The estimated transfer function by hybrid method between arbitrary two points shows good correspondence with that of observed ground motions at same points. The proposed method is verified at a site where strong motion records are available, where the observed records are well simulated compared to the conventional estimation methods such as 3D-F.D.M.
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  • Kenji YAMAMOTO, Youichi MINAKAWA
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 89-96
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    This paper proposes a finite element method for nonlinear sloshing analysis of perfect fluids. In this paper, the discrete governing equations of free surface flows are derived based on the variational principle. The energy functional is denoted by the volume integration of the Bernoulli's pressure equation, and by descritizing this functional previously, i.e. by applying the Ritz method, the governing equations are easily obtained. Furthermore, we introduce the scheme that the governing equations contain the movement rules of the fluid element nodes in which the elements automatically change shape along with the free surface deformation. Also, the several time-marching schemes for the governing equations are examined. On one of their schemes, we find that the sloshing behaviors are expressed as the dynamic equation of a nonlinear spring-mass-damper system, where the mass depends on the displacement of the spring. The results are compared with the ealier works on the numerical examples, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed.
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  • Minoru SHUGYO, Yukihiro HAYASHIDA, Masaru SHIMAZU, Yoshiyasu MINESHITA
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 97-104
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    Elastoplastic behaviors of unequal-legged angle, which is a typical doubly asymmetric section member, under some different boundary and loading conditions are investigated by experiments and numerical analyses. The numerical analyses are done by using a new straight beam element proposed by the first author. Comparisons of the numerical results with the experimental ones about the load-displacement relations and load-strain relations for four cases show that the beam element has a sufficient accuracy for the elastoplastic large deformation analysis of unequal-legged angles.
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  • Hideaki HAMADA, Hiroshi OHMORI
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 105-111
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    The scheme of computational morphogenesis for the shell structures with free curved surface is proposed, where the requirement on both the aesthetic aspect and the structural rationality can be simultaneously satisfied according to the judgment of the designer. In the proposed scheme, Non Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) is utilized by which the number of unknowns can be controlled while the high degree of freedom for expression of the shape of the curved surface is maintained. For the scale index concerning with the aesthetic aspect, the degree of difference between the curved surfaces given by the designers and those given by computation has been adopted and, on the other hand, the strain energy of the structures has been adopted as the quantitative scale for the mechanical measurement. Consequently, the problem in question has been mathematically formulated as the multi-objective optimization problem, where the multi-objective genetic algorithms are utilized for obtaining the Pareto solutions.
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  • Kenjiro KAWASAKI, Kazuhiko MASHITA
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 113-120
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    The main purpose of this study is to investigate the strength and the relationships among strength, cracking pattern and vibratory characteristics of concrete cylindrical shells with composite carbon fiber reinforcement under concentrated load. Composite carbon fiber reinforcement is defined as composite reinforcement consisting of carbon fiber chips and sheets, which could improve the tensile strength of a concrete within the inner body and on the boundary surface, respectively. A fractural experimental study was conducted on concrete shells reinforced with composite carbon fiber under concentrated load. Before and after the fractural experiment, vibratory tests by an impact hammer were conducted. The relationships among strength, cracking pattern and vibratory characteristics distilled from perfect model before the experiment and from damaged model after the same experiment were derived. In order to investigate the shell strength, a numerical study was conducted by material and geometrical nonlinear finite element analyses including tension cutoff and tension stiffening effects. The relationships among the strength, cracking pattern and vibratory characteristics of the shell with composite carbon fiber reinforcement were discussed on the basis of the results of the fractural experiments with before and after vibratory tests.
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  • Tomohisa MUKAI, Shinsuke NAKATA, Koichi KUSUNOKI, Shigeo YAMADA, Tsuto ...
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 121-127
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    In Japan, there are many old and historically valuable buildings. They should be preserved as cultural properties. Most of them, however, do not have enough seismic capacity according to the current building code. They need to be retrofitted but with minimum change to the original building, since they are cultural properties. A wooden building located in Zentsuji city, Kagawa, is nominated to be one of the national important cultural properties, but is evaluated that it does not have enough seismic capacity. In order to strengthen the building, a new retrofitting technique to glue new triangle frames into existing frames is proposed, and loading tests on full scale wooden frames are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed technique. The test results shows that the proposed technique can increase effectively the strength and energy dissipation capability.
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  • Hideaki TANAHASHI, Hidemaru SHIMIZU, Yoshiyuki SUZUKI
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 129-136
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    The embedment characteristics of wood are fundamental and very important to evaluate the structural mechanisms and seismic performances of traditional timber structures. In order to evaluate them effectively, elastic surface displacements of wood in partial compression are formulated by applying Pasternak model to wood, taking the orthotropic properties into account. The Pasternak model is a refined mechanical model of a continuum which can express the surface displacements in a closed-form function appropriately. Thus, the embedment characteristics which depend on the direction of the grain are clarified theoretically on the basis of the orthotropic properties.
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  • Yuya TAKASE, Ryosuke SATO, Toshinaga WADA, Masaiki UEDA
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 137-146
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    In this study, a new experimental method has been proposed in order to elucidate shear transfer mechanism of cracked concrete. For the purpose of controlling transition of crack width under shear stress mode precisely and automatically, 4-axes loading system based on optimal control theory and PID algorithms has been introduced. As the results, it is proved that this kind of experiments should be controlled not manually but automatically for the accuracy. Moreover, the experimental data obtained by using this system also identify the optimal PID values for this kind of experiments.
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  • Koshiro NISHIMURA, NGUYEN Hoang Huy, Katsuki TAKIGUCHI
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 147-154
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    A purpose of this study is to propose multi-axial restoring force model of slipping type of R/C members. Firstly, three-directional loading tests were carried out in order to understand tri-axial nonlinear restoring force characteristics of R/C members without bond of longitudinal bars, which the members without bond showed slipping behaviors in its one-directional force-deformation relationships. Then, based on consideration of the test results, bi-axial restoring force characteristics of slipping type was formulated. A matrix was used to express slipping area in this model. Finally, numerical results with the proposed model were compared with the test results to verify the model.
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  • Yumiko UENO, Manabu YOSHIMURA
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 155-163
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    The ductility index for "Shear Column" is prescribed by the Standard for Seismic Evaluation for Existing R/C Buildings as a value ranging from 1.00 to 1.27, being in narrow width. It is due to the fact that test data regarding post-peak behavior for this type of columns were insufficient in the past. It is intended in this paper to reassess the ductility index of "Shear Column" using the load-deflection relation including the post-peak region determined based on recent test results, and dynamic analysis. Values of the ductility index so reassessed range from about 0.8 to 1.6, being in width much broader than those prescribed by the current standard. This result is expected to increase the accuracy of evaluating the seismic performance of existing R/C buildings.
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  • Yasuhiro ODA
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 165-172
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    This shows long-term deflection ratios with various factors such as tensile reinforcement ratio, ratio of compression-tension reinforcement slab span, slab thickness, drying shrinkage ratio, creep ratio, etc. based on the step-by-step calculation method specified in the previous papers. Generally speaking, long-term deflection ratios decrease as the ratio of tension reinforcement, ratio of compression-tension reinforcement, or slab span increases. This study discloses that compressive reinforcement is effective for control to the long-term deflection of slab as effectively as tensile reinforcement in case the slab is cast by low strength concrete with high shrinkage properties.
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  • Koichi KUSUNOKI, Tomohisa MUKAI, Masaomi TESHIGAWARA, Hiroshi FUKUYAMA ...
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 173-180
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    In order to study what amount of lateral force and varied axial force are carried by the wall frame in reinforce concrete buildings with multi-story shear wall and how the rigidity at the bottom of the wall frame affect the amount of them, a pseudo-dynamic test with 2-span-1-bay-6-story reinforced concrete structure with a multi-story shear wall was conducted with the parameter of the rigidity at the bottom of the wall frame. In this paper, the test results were discussed with the numerically calculated strengths in terms of lateral force carried by the wall frame, lateral force distribution mode, and the equivalent height of the specimen and the wall frame.
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  • Yoshio KANEKO, Hirozo MIHASHI, Ryohei OSAKU
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages 181-188
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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    The objective of this paper is to develop a joint-spring model at a simple column base in steel structures to identify the deformation characteristics of the framing system. The column base is encased by filling steel fiber reinforced cementitious composites. A mechanical model for the macroscopic shear failure of concrete is applied to the joint-configuration. Based on the numerical simulation by the mechanical model, a joint-spring model is developed and applied to the structural experiments under cyclic loading. It is concluded that the prediction with the joint-spring model gives relatively a good agreement with the deformation characteristics observed in the experiments.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages App79-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages Cover43-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    2006 Volume 71 Issue 609 Pages Cover44-
    Published: November 30, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2017
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