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Article type: Cover
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
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Published: December 30, 1994
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Article type: Cover
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
_1_-
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Article type: Appendix
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
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Article type: Index
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
A-12-
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Yasuji SHINOHARA, Takeo ABE, Fukujiro FURUMURA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
1-10
Published: December 30, 1994
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An acoustic emission (AE) testing is useful for detecting the damage within cementitious materials in real time. Based on the time differences between detections of an AE event at different transducers, its source can be located. Sources of AE activity were studied for plain-mortar, concrete and model-concrete specimens loaded in three-point bend. To locate AE sources precisely, the arrival time was determined from the first motion of the waveform and the spectral analysis was carried out based on the maximum entropy method. The results show that AE events from the tip in the softening zone have higher frequency components (250-450kHz) besides the frequency components in the range of 100-200kHz which all AE events have. By picking the AE events with higher frequency components, it is possible to evaluate the extent of the damage in concrete-like materials more clearly.
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Hiroki WAMI, Fumitoshi SAKURAMOTO, Katsumi YANAGITA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
11-20
Published: December 30, 1994
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The pumpability and the changes in the quality of high-strength concrete having a specified design strength of 270-800 kgf/cm^2 during pumping were investigated through a pumping test. The following is new knowledge obtained through the test. 1.The flow properties of concrete found through measurement with an impeller viscometer make it possible to predict slump-loss and slumpflow-loss resulting from pumping. 2. Pressure-loss can be predicted from the apparent plastic viscosity of fresh concrete irrespective of concrete type. 3. The fact that the difference between the pressure loss of a vertical pipeline and that of a horizontal pipeline exceeds an increment equivalent to the unit weight of concrete can be explained by such factors as transportation capacity, slumpflow-loss due to pumping and apparent plastic viscosity.
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Yutaka YOKOYAMA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
21-29
Published: December 30, 1994
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This paper presents the progress and the result of the establishment of "Dynamic Exci.tation Apparatus" and "Perception Apparatus" for evaluating floor vibration caused by human walking. Examples of vertical loads applied to floor while walking, and vibration characteristics of human body (equivalent mass weight, natural frequency and damping ratio) are considered in the apparatus. The apparatus are composed of a dropping weight and rubber springs. Then, using twenty-four sample floors which had various vibration characteristics, the appropriateness of the apparatus was verified by the comparison of the floor vibrations caused by human walking and reproduced by the apparatus.
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Yutaka YOKOYAMA, Hidenori ONO, Taro INAGAKI, Hiroki TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
31-39
Published: December 30, 1994
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This paper presents the index for evaluating pitch of wash and slipperiness on bathroom floors and bathtub bottoms at stepping over bathtub. At first, the psychological scale of evaluation relating to pitch of wash and slipperiness of sample floors and bottoms employed for the test was constructed. Then, C. S. R・B which was the physical value corresponding to slipperiness on bathroom floors and bath-tub bottoms was measured using "0-Y pull slip meter". Secondly, based on the correlation between the psychological scale and the physical characteristics of the sample floors and bottoms, pitch of wash and C. S. R・B, the evaluation index was obtained.
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Michihiro OHORI, Arihide NOBATA, Kunio WAKATSU, Yuzuru YASUI
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
41-48
Published: December 30, 1994
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In this paper, we proposed the extended formulation of Hisada's technique to the problem of Love wave incidence to the vertical interface between the multi-layered media and the half-space. With the use of the representation theorem, the displacement field of the layered media is expressed by the displacement and stress on the vertical interface. The normal mode solution is used for Green function. Combining this procedure with Hisada's original method, we demonstrated the seismic response analyses of shallow sediment-filled valley and checked the validity of our approach in comparison with results from other method. We confirmed that our approach has some advantages to make better understanding of the seismic characteristics in such geological structure.
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Yasuki OHTORI, Taiji MAZDA, Katsuhiko ISHIDA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
49-58
Published: December 30, 1994
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of loading rate on mechanical characteristics of high damping rubber bearing and to propose the modification equation of design formula. In this study three types of dynamic tests, which are mechanical characteristic tests, cyclic loading tests and ultimate tests are performed using dynamic two dimensional test equipment And from the results of dynamic mechanical characteristic tests, the modification equation which can be possible to take into account the excitation frequency are proposed.
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Toshiroh YAMADA, Kouichi SUZUKI, Hajime KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
59-68
Published: December 30, 1994
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the applicability of fuzzy.set theory to the elasto-plastic response control of building structures under strong ground motions. Parametric studies were carried out by using the analytical model with six stories and the testing model with three stories. The parameters are variours fuzzy inference method, the condition part in the fuzzy inference, spectrum shape of the strong ground motions and so on. As the result, major conclusions can be summarized as follows : i) The validity of the fuzzy control was analytically and experimentally comfirmed when it was applied to histeretic response control in the range of the strong nonlinearity. ii) The fuzzy control enables more efficient responce control than the instantaneous optimal control with the restrictions on the size of the control force.
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Junichiro ISHIDA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
69-77
Published: December 30, 1994
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In this paper a constitutive theory in elasto-plastic analysis using additional load is introduced. When calculated stresses have been exceeding a surface of an assumed yield condition, an iteration will be performed repeatedly with additional load until calculated stresses converge onto the assumed yielding surface. This analysis has been performed on an experiment of concrete filled steel tube subjected to axial compressive loading, and the result has been compared with the experimental result.
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Shigehiro MOROOKA, Haruo KUNIEDA, Sang-Eul HAN
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
79-85
Published: December 30, 1994
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The purpose of this paper is to get a powerful tool for response analysis of a spherical dome subjected to dynamic excitation based on mathematically analytic method, i.e., the Galerkin procedure in modal analysis, with sufficient accuracy and practicality. At first, this paper provides an approximate solution of eigen modes, which has sufficient accuracy and practicality for response analysis in antisymmetric state. In the second stage of this paper, response analysis of a dome subjected to horizontal earthquakes is excuted as the application of these approximate modes. Many important response characteristics may manifest themselves through parametric survey of material and geometric properties.
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Shiro KATO, Yoichi MUKAIYAMA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
87-95
Published: December 30, 1994
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The present paper studies the vibrational characteristics of high-rise latticed spherical domes subjected to horizontal earthquake motions. First, the maximum responses of story-shear forces at various heights in the domes are calculated by elastic linear time-domain analysis adopting three accelerations of ELCENTRO-NS, TAFT-EW and MIYAGI-NS. Secondly, the story-shear forces are summarized as the story-shear coefficients in both the horizontal and vertical directions for the coefficients to be applied in equivalent static analysis for the earthquake forces. The coefficients are expressed by combination of first natural period T_1, response spectra S_A(T_1) and some other required parameters, representing the dynamic properties of domes. Lastly, the validity of the proposed scheme for static analysis is discussed by comparing the static results with those obtained by time-domain response analysis.
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Tatsuya IMANISHI, Hisahiro HIRAISHI, Shigeru FUJII, Shiro MORITA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
97-105
Published: December 30, 1994
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This paper reports experimental and analytical examinations of the out-of-plane response of isolated multistory reinforced concrete shear walls subjected to bilateral deformations under axial load. The out-of-plane flexural strength under bilateral deformation is less than that under unilateral deformation. The bending stiffness of the tension-side boundary column decreases when the isolated shear wall is subjected to bilateral deformations. Due to this phenomenon, a significant eccentricity is given to the horizontal restoring force of the wall in the out-of-plane direction. This characteristic behavior should be considered in the seismic design of high-rise frame structures with in-filled walls.
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Yutaka OSANAI, Fumio WATANABE, Shin OKAMOTO
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
107-114
Published: December 30, 1994
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The purpose of this study is to derive the rational design method and connection details for socket base column-to-foundation connection for earthquake resistant buildings. Cyclic loading tests on half scaled model specimens were conducted to investigate the structural behaviors of socket base connection. From the experimental observation, modeling of the stress transfer mechanism of socket base connection was also carried out. A practical design method of connection details for socket base connection was proposed using above mentioned model.
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Kazushi SHIMAZAKI, Akira WADA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
115-123
Published: December 30, 1994
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This paper proposes a design method oriented to the displacement response for high-rise reinforced concrete frame buildings subjected to earthquakes. First, the equivalent shear stiffness distribution of high rise RC buildings are investigated considering bending and shear deformation. The equivalent shear stiffness distribution recommended is linear to hyperbolic normalized distribution of 0.1〜0.20 at the top depending on the share of bending and shear deformation. Using these results, the outline of a design method is proposed. The applications of this method to 25 and 60 story buildings are showed. In-story displacement responses during severe earthquakes are estimated and examined. The results satisfied the design criteria.
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Kyouya TANAKA, Kiyoshi KOMORI, Tetsuo HARADA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
125-134
Published: December 30, 1994
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It is known that the deflection of composite slabs with prestressed precast panels on long-time bendings is small. Although only a few tests have been carried out, there were no analytical research. The authors proposed the analytical method to be useful for design and compared with the test results. The following results were obtained. (1) This analytical method was able to estimate the deflection of composite slabs on short-time and long-time bendings accurately. (2) From trial calculations, it was confirmed that the ratios of the deflections on long-time bendings to elastic deflections were from 5 to 8.
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Hideo HODZUMI, Kazuhiro ASANO, Atsunari HANAI, Yukinobu MAKINO, Michik ...
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
135-144
Published: December 30, 1994
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It is the purpose of this study to elucidate the mechanism how cracks arise at the local buckling portion of steel members. The authors conducted alternating bending tests with square-shaped steel tubes. The strain hysteresis at the steel tube's corner where cracks should arise was measured. Then, with test pieces cut from the same tube, we conducted alternating tensile-compression tests which were controled by the strain hysteresis measured at the tube's cracked portion, so as to know the stress hysteresis at the portion. After skeltonizing the stress-strain curves obtained by means of the way above mentioned, we found that cracks arose when the strain had reached the material's uniform elongation.
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Yasuhiro UCHIDA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
145-154
Published: December 30, 1994
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A method of design is presented for the purpose of controlling the cumulative damage such as the strength deterioration and the accumulation of deformation in structures subjected to repeated loading. In the presented method of design, the limitation of the constant force acting on the beam-column and the beam is incorporated into the current method of design, and its limiting values can be derived from the critical force for convergence of the accumulation of deformation proposed by the author. The concept of design also presented is that the separation of a portion subjected to the constant force in a structure from that subjected to repeated loading is effective for preventing an increase in accumulation of the deformation. Examples of design for bracing structures, reinforced concrete walls and the steel beam-columns give a concrete form for the concept of design. The validity of the presented method of design and its examples are discussed with analytical results of beam-columns and truss structures.
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Katsuki TAKIGUCHI, Toshio NAGASHIMA, Tomotsugu IREI
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
155-163
Published: December 30, 1994
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This paper discusses the strength of a new SRC column. The SRC column is a small size steel encased reinforced concrete column using high strength concrete and high strength hoops. This SRC column is developed in order to have high shear earring capacity and ductitle performance. Seven SRC column specimens were provided and tested. The concrete section of the specimens was 20×20 cm, the steel section 100×50×5×7 mm. Each specimen was subjected to cyclic and reversal bending moment and shear force under constant axial force. Experimental results indicate that the new SRC column has adequate properties as expected.
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Tetsuya MATSUI, Sang Yeob LEE
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
165-174
Published: December 30, 1994
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A boundary integral equation method is developed for computing wave forces on large-volume axisymmetric floating bodies in weak current. The method is based on applying Green's theorem and expanding the velocity potential in a perturbation series of current speed. Retaining the leading-order terms in the current speed, the potential is obtained as the solutions of two sets of integral equations which only contain the Green's function at zero current speed. The solutions can be obtained efficiently by extending the standard boundary integral programs without current. Numerical results are presented for a number of body geometries. It is found that the wave exciting forces and the mean drift forces are most influenced by a small current speed.
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Koichi MASUDA, Tomoki IKOMA, Takashi NAGAI
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
175-184
Published: December 30, 1994
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One of the serious problems of the Tension Leg Platform (TLP) is the springing phenomenon in the mooring system due to super-harmonic resonance of heaving motion in high frequency zone. Second-order sum-frequency vertical wave exciting forces are closely related with the springing phenomenon. When the second-order vertical wave exciting forces are small at the resonance frequency, the springing response will be reduced. In the present paper, column-footing type floating bodies whose first and second order vertical wave exciting forces are very small at the specific frequency, are applied to the TLP. The properties of the springing responses on column-footing type floating bodies are computed and these results were compared with experimental results, so that the effects of springing responses are made clear in the tether tension. Further, we showed linear spectra and cross bi-spectra of heave mosions.
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Hitoshi KUWAMURA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
185-
Published: December 30, 1994
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A question arises on the general applicability of the design method proposed in the paper. In that method, plastic deformation in the force limiting devices and maximum stress in the elastic members are predicted from the static loading proportional to the first modal forces. However, when the natural periods of higher modes of the truss are close to the predominant period of the input motion, such an assumption employing only the first mode causes a significant error. Therefore, the proposed method seems to be applicable only to the particular structural model examined in the paper.
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Motohide TADA, Mariko HAYASHI
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
187-190
Published: December 30, 1994
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The authors thank Hitoshi Kuwamura for his discussion. The reason of adopting static loading proportional to the first modal forces was that the first vibration is predominant in many cases. Therefore, if the natural periods of higher modes of the truss are close to the predominant period of the input motion, the proposed method introduces a significant error as Dr. Kuwamura points out. The authors confirm this phenomenon through the additional calculations. From these calculations, it is clarified that the proposed method is applicable when the natural periods of higher modes of the truss are shorter than the vertical natural period of the building which supports the truss.
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Article type: Appendix
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
191-
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Article type: Cover
1994 Volume 59 Issue 466 Pages
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