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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
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Sang Jun PARK, Yasuo TANIGAWA, Hiroshi MORI, Takashi HIRAIWA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
1-6
Published: August 30, 2003
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In this paper, in order to investigate the effect of coarse aggregate on the fracture behavior of concrete under compression, the analytical and experimental studies were carried out. The analytical results by using an improved visco-elasto-plastic suspension element method (VEPSEM) added coarse aggregate suspension element were compared with the experimental results by using 2-dimensional specimens. As a result, it was confirmed that the new analytical method can simulate the effect of coarse aggregate observed in the experiment.
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Yoshirou YOSHIZAKI, Yoshihiro MASUDA, Masami MOTOURI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
7-13
Published: August 30, 2003
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Magnesia-Phosphate Cement (MFC) is a new structural material that enables extremely high strength development that is not attainable through commonly used hydraulic materials. MFC can develop a working strength within an hour of the initiation of hydration. Unlike ordinary Portland cements, MFC hardens through the formation of crystal mixtures produced by the reaction of magnesia, phosphate and water systems. MFC can be mixed and placed like ordinary portland cement concrete. Since MFC has very good adhesion to concrete, a thermal coefficient of expansion almost equal to that of concrete, and no drying shrinkage without curing, it is ideal for use as a material for the emergency repair of concrete structures. Physical, chemical and crystographycal studies of MFC were conducted to gain an insight into its ultra-rapid strength development mechanisms.
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Kiyoshi EGUCHI, Masafumi NARIKAWA, Kohji TERANISHI, Akira NAKAGOME, Hi ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
15-21
Published: August 30, 2003
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We developed the original production method of recycled aggregate concrete: the manufacturing process of recycled aggregate is simple; no removal of original mortar is conducted, and natural aggregate is replaced with recycled aggregate according to the required quality of concrete. This paper describes the various quality of that recycled aggregate concrete: strength characters, durability, fire resistance, structural behavior, performance for construction work, the original production method of recycled aggregate concrete when ready mixed concrete plant is not available, and the evaluation of cost effectiveness and environmental impact.
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Shinji GOMI, Masaaki OKAMOTO, Kazuki MIYANO, Yoshihiro MASUDA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
23-29
Published: August 30, 2003
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This paper presents the experimental result of various factor and the prediction of equation on the slump-flow (Sf) of self-compacting concrete using viscosity-agent. In this experiment, water-binder ratio, volume percentage of fine aggregate in mortar and absolute volume of coarse aggregate were changed in mix proportion of concrete and measured the slump-flow of fresh concrete. The factor which influence to slump-flow is sleeted based on the factor analysis and yield value (τ_m), plastic viscosity(η_m) in wet screening mortar, absolute volume (V_G) of coarse aggregate are presented by these formula. The prediction of equation was proposed formula Sf (τ_m, η_m, V_G).
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Shigemitsu HATANAKA, Yukihisa YUASA, Naoki MISHIMA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
31-36
Published: August 30, 2003
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A series of experiments has been carried out to examine the effect of the shape and strength of recycled aggregates on the compressive strength of porous concrete with them. As the result, fallowings have been found. 1) Both of the variations of solid content of coarse aggregates and die slight grinding to recycled aggregates cause little influence on the relationship between void ratio and compressive strength of porous concrete. Consequently, the relationship between them is represented by a unique curve. 2) The relationship, on the other hand, is affected by the strength of recycled aggregates; the curve shifts to the lower strength region when fracture of the aggregates is considered to occur. 3) The strength level where recycled aggregates in porous concrete may start to fracture is able to be easily predicted only by the compressive strength of original concrete for recycled aggregates and the void ratio of porous concrete with them.
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Yoichi SHIOZAKI, Takeshi HIWATASHI, Hideo FUJITANI, Satsuya SODA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
37-43
Published: August 30, 2003
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Building structures subject to disturbances such as earthquakes and winds are required to insure safety and amenity. Semi-active control has the potential to solve this problem. A shaking table test has been performed on a three-story base-isolated structure using simple control system with MR damper. Its effectiveness is examined by comparing the experiment results with those for passive control. The authors compared the experiment result with the response analysis result. Conclusions are listed. (1) The simple control system of this paper is operating well. (2) The experiment result of semi-active control shows the safety and amenity effectiveness superior to the experiment result of passive control. (3) The response analysis result agree with the experiment result.
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Masayuki NAGANO, Susumu OHNO, Rikiro KIKUCHI, Hiroyoshi KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
45-52
Published: August 30, 2003
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Seismograms had been recorded in the deep vertical array installed at the reclaimed area of Higashi-Nada ward, Kobe city (KHG) including an observatory point in the deep seismic bedrock layer, which is suitable for investigation of ground-motion amplification due to deep irregular subsurface structure. First, the velocity structure beneath the KHG site is estimated using seismograms of 5 earthquakes based on the genetic algorithm. Next, the ground motion amplification at KHG site is analyzed using the 2D basin-edge structure. The 2D analyses well reproduce amplification from the bottom to the top point, which cannot be explained by only the horizontally layered model. The ground motions at the top of KHG as well as several neighboring surface points are successfully simulated using the records at the bottom of the KHG during the 2000 Tottori-ken Seibu earthquake. The basin-edge structure mostly affects the ground motion amplification in the period range of 1-2 s. at the KHG site.
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Keiko MORITA, Mineo TAKAYAMA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
53-60
Published: August 30, 2003
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The lead material is used as an energy dissipation device. The pure lead shows the characteristics of which the yield stress is low and the ductility is very high. The U-shaped lead damper is a one of dampers for the seismic isolation system. The performance of U-shaped damper has been confirmed by the experiments using the full-scaled damper and the scaled model. It is difficult to decide the model of restoring force characteristics of the lead damper only from the lead material testing, because the yield condition receives the effect of the bending deformation. In this paper, the basic parameters, which are necessary for the modeling of the U-shaped damper, are specified based on the experimental results of damper and the lead material testing results.
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Shigetaka HANAI, Akira KAWASHIMA, Rintaro ISHIMARU, Hisashi TANAKA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
61-68
Published: August 30, 2003
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The purpose of this study is to propose a systematic solution of the displacement method and stress method about the small displacement analysis of spatial rigid-jointed frames. A simple algorithm is chiefly used for calculating the displacement method. On the other hand, Because it is necessary to remodel a statically indeterminate structure to a statically determinate principal system, the stress method is unsuitable for analyzing complex structures. In this paper, the stress method will chiefly be described using the general inverse matrix. Moreover, by using the proposed analytical tecnique it is easy to structure an algorithm.
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Takeaki KOSHIKAWA, Masaiki UEDA, Takeshi UCHIYAMA, Toshinaga WADA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
69-76
Published: August 30, 2003
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The elasto-plastic analysis of beams considering the effect of transverse shear stresses and transverse shear deformations based on the Timoshenko beam theory is presented. For the Timoshenko beam elements used in this analysis, the problem of the coupling effect between the normal component and shearing component in the plastic region under the von Mises yield criterion is solved by considering the strain energy related to these components. In the numerical example, it is shown that the proposed method enables determination of the deformational behavior of beams, arid the variations of stress distribution in the cross section in the plastic region.
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Ryusuke FUKUDA, Eiji FUKUZAWA, Norihide KOSHIKA, Hiroshi MORIKAWA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
77-84
Published: August 30, 2003
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At the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on WTC1 and 2, extensive structural damage, including localized collapse, occurred at the several floor levels directly impacted by the aircraft. Despite this massive localized damage, each structure remained standing for approximately one hour or one hour and a half. Although the damage of the beams and columns in outer framed tube of each tower are clarified at the published FEMA/ASCE report, the damage of the floor system and inner core columns are not estimated. The purpose of this study is to know the reason why the buildings remained standing at the impact through the several analytical studies, such as the impact analyses using the simplified model, that estimates the overall damage, and the rigorous finite element model, that estimates the local damage, and stress analyses after some structural members are lost.
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Katsunori WACHI, Shinichiro ASANO, Noboru MAEDA, Kazuki AOSHIMA, Koush ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
85-91
Published: August 30, 2003
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The objective of this study is to examine the practicability of the simplified connection of pile head and pile cap for precast concrete pile. Simplified connection is such a method that the pile head is buried in pile cap with 10cm depth, and plain concrete is filled inside up to the depth corresponding to 60 cm (1D). In this paper, we describe experimental results of full-scale bending-shear tests for connection of pile head under various axial load conditions, in order to investigate mechanical characteristics of simplified connection. The experimental results are as follows: (1) Degree of restraint against rotation of simplified connection depends on pile head s moment and axial load. (2) Degree of restraint against rotation of simplified connection is about 0.7 times of usual connection under stationary axial load condition. (3) Simplified connection has adequate shear strength under the condition when pull force does not act on pile head.
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Toshio KUMAGAI, Kouzou ARIIZUMI, Atsuo KASHIWAGI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
93-100
Published: August 30, 2003
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The previous thesis (Part 1) has presented the features of behavior of a large-scale cylindrical earth retaining structure recognized through the various field measurements during excavation work. Part 1 also expressed the distinctive influence on the retaining wall behavior generated by variations of retaining wall temperatures in addition to lateral pressures. In this thesis (Part 2), analytical study of the behavior of the retaining structure is carried out from the various aspects based on the distinctive influence described in Part 1. As a result, Part 2 presents the practical analysis method for a cylindrical earth retaining structure influenced by the wall temperature variation as well as the lateral pressures and the study results of behaviors based on the practical analysis method and the measurement results.
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Kohji TOKIMATSU, Shuji TAMURA, Masanobu MIYAZAKI, Mutsuhiro YOSHIZAWA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
101-106
Published: August 30, 2003
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Large-scale shaking table tests are conducted to evaluate seismic earth pressures acting on an embedding footing during soil liquefaction. The threshold soil displacement relative to the footing, above which the earth pressure begins to increase, increases with the development of loosened zones around the footing. A new seismic earth pressure theory considering the loosened zones is developed, by extending the one proposed by Zhang et al. (1998). The earth pressures evaluated by the proposed method show good agreement with those observed in the tests.
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Masaichi YAMADA, Toshio ADACHI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
107-114
Published: August 30, 2003
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This study is related to the mechanical behavior of cement-treated sands by the cement stabilization method. In this paper, the drained shear strength and the deformation properties of cement-treated sands are investigated in detail by performing hollow cylindrical torsional shear tests. The following conclusions were obtained, (1) A power function was adopted to express the relationship between the unconfined compression strength 'qu' and the stabilizing material-to-water ratio 'S/Wt.' (2) For cement-treated sands, it was concluded that the 'qu' is a direct index of the degree of cementation. (3) The drained shear strength and the residual strength of cement-treated sands can be approximately evaluated from the 'qu' and the internal friction angle of untreated sands. (4) The initial shear modulus 'G_<max>' of cement-treated sands can be determined as a function of the 'qu' and the effective mean principal stress 'σ'm.'
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Yasutsugu SUZUKI, Naohito ADACHI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
115-122
Published: August 30, 2003
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Horizontal loading tests were conducted to investigate the characteristics of subgrade reaction of model pile groups. The relation between subgrade reaction and pile displacement traces a triangular loop due to pile group efficiency. The coefficient of subgrade reaction of pile group decreases with decreasing ratio of space between piles and pile diameter. A front pile of pile group has large subgrade reaction at shallow position and has large bending moment and shear force at pile top. However, a rear pile has relatively large subgrade reaction, bending moment and shear force at deep position. Based on the relation between subgrade reaction and pile displacement, hysteresis models are presented and can well simulate the test results.
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Yoshiya TANIGUCHI, Toshitsugu SAKA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
123-128
Published: August 30, 2003
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Double-layer cylindrical latticed shells are widely used into a sports hall and convention hall, etc as a roof structure. The structural characteristics of them have been investigated theoretically and experimentally to grasp the buckling strength or dynamic behavior for seismic design. However, the free vibration behavior, in particular, the relation of damping ratios and frequencies has not been sufficiently investigated, yet. Then, in this paper, model experiments were carried out in order to make clear the free vibration behavior, that is, natural frequencies, damping ratios and the relations among them. It was consequently made clear that the damping ratios were inversely proportional to the natural frequencies for the latticed structures.
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Toshiyuki OGAWA, Makoto OHSAKI, Rie TATEISHI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
129-136
Published: August 30, 2003
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Optimal shapes are found for latticed shells defined by Bezier surfaces. The linear buckling load factor is first maximized under constraints on slenderness ratios of members. Optimization problems for minimizing the difference between the maximum and minimum lengths among the specified members are successively solved to obtain an optimal shape in view of construction efficiency. The geometrically nonlinear properties of optimal solutions are investigated to find that the applied loads are transmitted to the supports through axial forces rather than bending moments. It is shown that the nonlinear buckling loads are successfully increased by optimizing the shape with respect to linear buckling loads, and that no significant increase is observed in the imperfection sensitivity as the result of optimization.
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Masayuki KOHIYAMA, Fumio YAMAZAKI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
137-144
Published: August 30, 2003
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The vulnerability function of wooden-frame houses using the results of seismic diagnosis and a response spectrum was proposed. It employs a probability density function of seismic performance indices of wooden houses, which are separated into an index of horizontal resistance force and other indices. The input seismic motion is evaluated based on an acceleration response spectrum and natural periods determined by indices of horizontal resistance force. The application results to the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake are compared with the damage statistics at the five sites, which have seismic records. Though the proposed vulnerability function is not based on the damage statistics, the estimated ratios for minor and more damages coincide fairly well with the actual damage surveyed by local governments.
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Seiichiro ISHIHARA, Hirozo MIHASHI, Yoshio KANEKO, Koji MORI, Eiji UCH ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
145-150
Published: August 30, 2003
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For making clear the shear fracture mechanism of concrete, an experimental study on plain concrete subjected to shear was carried out. The shape of specimen was a horizontally double-notched concrete block. The loading was performed very slowly to monitor the process of crack initiation and propagation using a digital microscope, and the boundary conditions were changed to assess their effects on the cracking behaviour. Although macroscopic shear-failure in concrete was found in few specimen, we could find the good agreement with a result of numerical analysis till peak. The process of crack initiation and propagation of shear fracture were clearly observed by using a digital microscope. The experiments come to a better understanding of the fracture processes in concrete on the meso-level and the macro-level using a micromechanics approach.
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Yuka MATSUMOTO, Masatoshi IDE, Hirofumi AOKI, Satoshi YAMADA, Hiroshi ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
151-158
Published: August 30, 2003
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It is effective to use the tough material in order to prevent the brittle fracture of steel members with some stress concentration points. In this study, FTP is defined as the necessary temperature to reduce the sensitivity to stress concentration and ensure the energy absorption capacity of the member. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of geometrical condition on FTP. For this purpose, specimens with side grooves and notches were manufactured and monotonic tensile loading tests were performed under the several different temperatures. As the result, the rise in FTP according to the sudden change of section area was observed.
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Hisayuki OKADA, Kazuhiro SIMIZU
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
159-166
Published: August 30, 2003
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In friction type high-strength bolted joints, the lap gaps will be often created in practice. In such cases, the slip resistance will be decreased. By experimental studies, it is known that the slip load is affected by many factors as well as lap gaps. However the method of estimations of the influence to slip loads is not established. In this paper, based on the analytical models, the formulas to estimate the slip load affected by many factors are proposed. And also, it is shown that the theoretical estimations are sufficiently fit with the results of tensile tests that are performed on two series of lap joints specimens with gaps.
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 68 Issue 570 Pages
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