Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ)
Online ISSN : 1881-8153
Print ISSN : 1340-4202
ISSN-L : 1340-4202
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Volume 78, Issue 689
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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  • INVESTIGATION FOR PROPOSING EFFECTIVE QUALITY CONTROLLING TECHNOLOGY SECURING CONCRETE COVER THICKNESS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
    Tetsushi KANDA, Haruki MOMOSE, Tomohiro YOSHIDA, Shigeru ASAOKA
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1195-1202
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1195
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    This study aimed at developing quality controlling technology for securing concrete cover thickness in construction process. Toward this goal, field investigation for cover thickness measuring was conducted and obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. Field study results showed smaller failure probability against required cover thickness is smaller than in literature. This appears partially due to high accuracy cover thickness measuring scheme adopting nondestructive electromagnetic testing apparatus, where data correction with steel arraignments on site. Furthermore, cover thickness data comparison before and after concrete placing process revealed that cover thickness tend to be larger after concrete placing process than before the process. This phenomenon can lead to proposing effective quality controlling action such that cover thickness is enlarged than required cover thickness before concrete placing to secure required cover thickness with high reliability.
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  • CARBONATION AND FASTENING STRENGTH DETERIORATION OF CALCIUM SILICATE BOARD
    -Analysis of materials collected from a ceiling collapse accident-
    Ippei MARUYAMA, Go IGARASHI, Yukiko NISHIOKA, Yasuo TANIGAWA
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1203-1208
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1203
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    Aging of calcium silicate board is discussed in the present contribution. Recently, the fall of sealing which is composed of calcium silicate board has been reported at times. The mechanism of aging phenomena of calcium silicate board is not wholly understood. For this reason, the chemical analysis and physical property experiment on the aged and newly provided material are conducted and comparison of those results is made. It is experimentally confirmed that tobermorite in calcium silicate board can be carbonated and resultantly it causes decreasing of density, increasing of water vapor BET surface area and water penetration rate, and decrease in strength. The weight of calcium silicate board per strength can be dropped as it is about 12.5% of original value. It is expected that relatively high water content enhances carbonation rate because carbon dioxides dissolves in it and makes carbonic acid. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that calcium silicate board is only used in the drying condition.
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  • PROPERTIES OF WALL CLAYS WITH STRAWS
    Wall clays for clay wall on bamboo lathing Part 2
    Midori YAMADA, Naoyuki KOSHIISHI
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1209-1218
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1209
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    The use of clay walls on bamboo lathing less burdens on the environment, but it is necessary to confirm their properties in order to use this wall construction method more widely in safety. In this paper, these properties are measured, including workability, crack and compression characteristics. Tests result in the followings conclusions. In the case of wall clay for the base coat layer, when fiber content increases, elastic modulus and compressive strength decreases, but the two layers across bamboo lathing become monolithic, and toughness is improving. In the case of the middle coat layer, to keep a high level of compression characteristics require minimum amount of straw to avoid cracking.
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  • EFFECTS OF SURROUNDING BUILDINGS ON QUASI-STATIC WIND LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR A LOW-RISE BUILDING
    Yong Chul KIM, Yukio TAMURA
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1219-1226
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1219
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    The primary purpose of the present work was to understand the characteristics of wind force correlations and quasi-static wind load combinations of a target model in a large group. Fluctuating pressures were integrated over the surfaces, and along-wind force, across-wind force, uplift force, along-wind overturning moment, across-wind overturning moment and torsional moment were obtained and used in the analyses. Firstly, the characteristics of wind force correlations, including the ratio of force coefficients, phase-plane expression and cross-correlation coefficients, were investigated for an isolated model and for a target model in a large group. Then, peak normal stresses in columns of a simple frame model were examined to check the wind load combination effects. Lastly, a shielding factor of a combination factor was proposed in the form of an exponential function.
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  • SHORT-PERIOD SPECTRAL LEVEL, FMAX AND ATTENUATION OF OUTERRISE, INTRASLAB AND INTERPLATE EARTHQUAKES IN THE TOHOKU DISTRICT
    Toshimi SATOH
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1227-1236
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1227
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    We estimate short-period spectral level A, fmax, and Q-value for path of outerrise, intraslab and intetplate earthquakes in the Tohoku district using spectral inversion methods. Q-value of outersise eathquakes is remarkably high in the high frequency range. A of outerise earthquakes are consistent with A of previous reverse-faulting interplate earthquakes. A of normal-faulting earthquakes around the plate boundary are large and comparable with intraslab earthquakes. A of intraslab and outerrise earthquakes are dependent on focal depths. fmax has no dependency on seismic moments nor fault types and the average fmax is 11 Hz. We also develop the attenuation relation of response spectra, peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity for outerrise earthquakes.
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  • PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SEMI-ACTIVE OPTIMAL CONTROL SYSTEM BY MR DAMPER
    Evaluation of system properties of semi-active optimal control system and control parameter determination
    Takahiro FUJII, Hideo FUJITANI, Yoichi MUKAI
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1237-1245
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1237
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    This study elucidates a method to ascertain control variables such as the performance function and weight coefficient, at the initial stage of structural design. For the purpose, authors assess the structural properties (equivalent damping factor and equivalent natural circular frequency) of semi-active optimal control system by MR damper to evaluate the structure response. First, the relations between weight coefficient and those system properties are discussed. Secondly, control parameter determination in consideration in the maximum controlling force is proposed. Validity of those design proposals are investigated by real-time hybrid experiments and numerical simulations.
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  • OPTIMIZATION OF A SHEAR-TYPE PANEL DAMPER USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND HEURISTIC APPROACH
    Junki NOZOE, Makoto OHSAKI, Hidekazu WATANABE
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1247-1252
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1247
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    An optimization approach is presented for improving energy dissipation capacity of a shear-type steel damper consisting of a low-yield-point steel panel, which is subjected to cyclic deformation. A general purpose finite element software package is combined with a heuristic optimization algorithm using a script language to carry out elastoplastic analysis iteratively to find optimal solutions. An optimization approach is also presented for identification of material parameters representing mixed nonlinear kinematic-isotropic hardening. It is demonstrated in the numerical examples that the performance of a shear-type hysteretic steel damper can be successfully improved by optimizing the geometry of the panel and the thicknesses of the stiffeners.
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  • EFFECT OF STRENGTH AND DIAMETER OF ENLARGED GROUTED BASE ON BEARING CAPACITY OF NODULAR PILE
    —Model tests on enlarged grouted base of bored precast pile Part 3—
    Kazuma ISHIKAWA, Atsushi ITO, Hitoshi OGURA
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1253-1261
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1253
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    Vertical loading tests were performed on the enlarged grouted base of nodular pile using pressurized sand tank for studying the effects of strength and diameter of enlarged grouted base on the pile bearing capacity. In the tests the failure of the enlarged grouted base tended to be “compression failure” when the strength of the base was low, and tended to be “splitting failure” when the strength of the base was high. When the diameter of the enlarged grouted base was large, the failure tended to be “punching failure” and/or “local compression failure” by the nodes, and the bearing capacity came down when the failure occurred by the upper node. To ensure the bearing capacity of nodular pile with enlarged grouted base, the strength of the base must be heightened in proportion to its diameter.
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  • A STUDY ON TIME DOMAIN ENERGY TRANSMITTING BOUNDARY FOR IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF CALCULATION AND APPLICATION TO DETAIL SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION SYSTEM
    Shodo AKITA, Naohiro NAKAMURA, Wataru KUDO, Takuya SUZUKI, Takuya KINO ...
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1263-1272
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1263
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    Recently, 3 dimensional FEM is applied to the earthquake response analysis of the soil-structure interaction system. The more the number of the elements of the interaction system is used, the larger the calculative load becomes. In the previous papers, the time domain energy transmitting boundary for 3 dimensional problem was proposed to improve the efficiency of calculation. In this paper, applicability of the time domain energy transmitting boundary to the 3 dimensional FEM of the nuclear power plant building is analyzed. First, applicability of the time domain energy transmitting boundary to the rigid soil is confirmed by comparison with the viscous boundary. Next, calculative load reduction method is proposed by using the time domain energy transmitting boundary and analyzed the accuracy of the proposed method. Finally, by using the proposed method, applicability of the time domain energy transmitting boundary to 3 dimensional FEM building is analyzed with the effect of the reduction of the calculative load.
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  • STUDY ON BASIC STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR SEISMIC SHELTER CONSISTING OF DUCTILE-TYPE TIMBER GRID WALL
    Shuzo HIROISHI, Akira OKADA, Naoya MIYASATO, Takeshi MIYAGISHIMA, Masa ...
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1273-1279
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1273
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    A number of wooden houses have been destroyed under earthquake. From a structural viewpoint, the authors developed simplified seismic shelter which is consisting of timber grid wall with half-lap joint. The concept of this shelter is saving securing space even if housing is collapsed. Although the stiffness of this shelter is smaller than the conventional grid shear wall for seismic retrofit, this shelter has ability of ductile and energy absorption by embedding at a joint. In this paper, these basic characteristics are verified by experiments and numerical analysis.
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  • DESIGN CRITERIA ON ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF L-SHAPED STEEL BEAM-RC COLUMN JOINT AND STEEL BEAM-SRC COLUMN JOINT USING MECHANICAL ANCHORAGES
    Kiyoshi MASUO, Hiroyuki TAGAWA, Yukako ICHIOKA, Masato ADACHI
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1281-1288
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1281
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    In recent years, composite joints consisting of Steel-Beam and RC-Column or Steel-Beam and SRC-Column are applied to large-scaled moment-resisting frame structures. However, the adequacy of anchorage detail of column reinforcement is not clear due to the lack of experimental data. Also, in accordance with the increase of reinforcement size, mechanical anchorage is more often applied to RC and SRC beam-column joints. In this study, based on experimental data on 9 specimens of L-shaped joint consisting of Steel-Beam and RC-Column or Steel-Beam and SRC-Column utilizing mechanical anchorage, design criteria on ultimate strength of such composite beam-column joints and anchorage length of column reinforcement are discussed.
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  • ANALYTICAL ACCURACIES OF MAXIMUM STRENGTH OF ISOLATED FRAMED SHEAR WALLS BY THE LIMIT ANALYSIS MACRO MODEL
    (Case of isolated framed shear walls subjected to diagonal load)
    Yukichi KANEHIRA, Norikazu ONOZATO
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1289-1298
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1289
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    This paper describes analysis accuracy of maximum strength of isolated framed shear walls by limit analysis macro model. This model is established from analysis output by elasto-plasticity analysis macro model. This model is considered based on the lower bound theorem of the limit-analysis theory. This model can apply shear strength of frames. This model guesses maximum strength of experiments with sufficient accuracy, even when shear strength of frames is not applied. Furthermore, if it is applied, accuracy became better. It is shown that these results are effective for evaluation of maximum strength of isolated framed shear walls by this model.
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  • STUDY ON PREDICTION METHOD OF SEISMIC RESPONSE OF BUILDINGS FOR MODERATE EARTHQUAKES AND ITS APPLICATION
    Hisahiro HIRAISHI, Yuto KOBASHI
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1299-1305
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1299
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    In this paper, the equations that calculate the seismic response of buildings for moderate earthquakes with considering accurate effect of the soil at the building site are presented. These equations can directly calculate required strength of buildings to satisfy the design spectrum, from design deformation of buildings and can be used for the seismic design of buildings. The validity of this calculation method is confirmed by time-history seismic response analyses. The paper also presents an example of the concept of the design method based on design deformation of buildings which is applied for severe and moderate earthquakes.
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  • CYCLIC HYSTERESIS BEHAVIOR AND PLASTIC DEFORMATION CAPACITY FOR H-SHAPED BEAMS ON LOCAL BUCKLING UNDER COMPRESSIVE AND TENSILE FORCES
    Yoshihiro KIMURA, Teruaki YAMANISHI, Kazuhiko KASAI
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1307-1316
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1307
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    In passive controlled buildings, H-shaped beams connected to steel dampers are subjected to the cyclic axial force in addition to the flexural moment during earthquake, and then the plastic deformation capacity of H shaped beams may decrease because of compressive forces. The direction and magnitude of axial force from dampers changes with the flexural moment, so that the local buckling of the beams under the tensile axial force does not occur. This paper conducts the cyclic axial and shearing forces of H-shaped beams, and investigates the local buckling behavior. The plastic deformation capacity and hysteresis energy of the beams are clarified.
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  • CONNECTION STRENGTH OF HOLD-DOWN COMPONENT USED FOR STEEL FRAMED HOUSE
    Atsushi SATO, Takuya TORIYAMA, Hisayuki OKADA, Tetsuro ONO, Hikaru SEN ...
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1317-1326
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1317
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    Light gage bearing wall is usually designed as a cantilever column. Therefore, due to over-turning moment from the upper floors, high axial force must be considered at the base. Hold-down components are used to connect the bearing wall to the foundation to resist these high axial forces; it is one of the most important seismic element to guaranty the structural safety.
    The purpose of this study is to clarify the connection strength of the hold-down component which is connected by drill screws. Finally, design formula than can evaluate the shear lap joint connected by drill screws was proposed, and the validity of the proposed formula was also demonstrated with the test results.
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  • LOCAL ELASTO-PLASTIC BEHAVIOR OF STEEL BEAM TO CONCRETE-FILLED SQUARE STEEL TUBE COLUMN MOMENT CONNECTIONS
    Model of load-deformation relations for split-tee connections using both long-through and tensile-type bolts
    Toshiyuki FUKUMOTO, Yukitada OGIHARA, Jun KUBOTA, Kiyosaburo AZUMA
    2013 Volume 78 Issue 689 Pages 1327-1334
    Published: July 31, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.1327
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    This paper proposes a simple model of a load-displacement relation for predicting the local tensile elasto-plastic behavior of moment connections between concrete filled square steel tube columns and steel beams using split-tee connections with both long-through and tensile-type bolts. This model is developed by superposing the load-deformation relations of steel tube, these bolts and split-tees in the connections. The tube flange and split-tee are modeled as beam elements with tetra-linear load-deformation relation, while the tube web and these bolts are modeled as tension members with tetra-linear or tri-linear load-deformation relation. This research verifies the analytical model by comparison with experiment results. The analytical results approximately reproduce the experimental results up to large deformations.
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