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Toru OZEKI, Kunichika KOIDE, Nobuaki OGAWA, Tetsuya ADZUHATA, Masahiro ...
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
169-176
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A statistical method developed by our group, "the constrained oblique rotational factor analysis" enables feature reduction and grouping of the pollutant sources in precipitations from their chemical compositions. A study applied to the precipitations has indicated the necessity of the numerical evaluation of contributions of the extracted sources. In this paper, a procedure for the numerical evaluation is demonstrated; and, as one application, the precipitations collected in Hyogo prefecture are compared with those in Akita prefecture. The analysis has proposed that an ion-balance check of the extracted pollutant source gives a simple criterion about how many pollutant sources should be extracted. As a result, the causes of lowering of the pH of the precipitation of these two areas are explained by two sources: 1) an acidic source with sulfuric acid predominant brought over the Sea of Japan from China by winter monsoons; and 2) another acidic source with sulfuric acid and nitric acid predominant emitted domestically. The seasonal changes of acidity of the precipitation of Japan depend upon the amounts of these two contributions.
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Tadashi SHIMAMURA, Masato IWASHITA
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
177-182
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Element concentrations were determined by ICP-MS for certified reference materials of riverine water JAC 0031 and JAC 0032 which were recently distributed for a collaborative study to determine certified values. Concentrations were determined of nine elements (Mg, Al, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) out of sixteen elements, which were intended to be certified. An additional eleven trace elements (Li, V, Co, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, W and U) were also determined. The results obtained for the former nine elements generally agreed well with the values from other laboratories and with certified values. The results obtained for the latter eleven elements were consistent with our previous data, which were obtained from our monitoring project for the same river at a nearby sampling point.
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A. J. ALLER
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
183-187
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Some insights into the mechanism of the interference of calcium with the atomization of selenium are evaluated. The mechanisms of stabilization of selenium atomized together with concomitant calcium and by using palladium alone or in combination with mercury and cadmium as chemical modifiers were also considered. The appearance temperature and the activation energy of the atomization of selenium have been evaluated and discussed.
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Jerzy MIERZWA, Samuel B. ADELOJU, Harkirat S. DHINDSA
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
189-193
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A novel method for sample preparation by ultrasound-accelerated solid-liquid extraction prior to selenium determination in the phosphate-rich biological samples by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with continuum-source background correction and nickel nitrate as a chemical modifier was established and compared with the results of conventional sample wet decomposition (however, this last item was not the object of this study). Diluted (4%) nitric acid was used as an extraction medium. The evaluation of the analytical results for biological Certified Reference Materials indicates that the results of a selenium determination after wet acid digestion (HNO
3+HCl+H
2O
2) agreed well with the certified values, whereas the proposed solid-liquid extraction procedure can be used for simple and rapid control of the selenium levels.
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Xiaonan DONG, Yuzuru NAKAGUCHI, Keizo HIRAKI
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
195-198
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Optimized procedures were established for the determination of total Se, organic Se, Se(IV), and Se(VI) in human hair by means of hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS), respectively. Using this method, the total Se content in a hair sample was determined through pretreating the sample with nitric acid-perchioric acid, and then reducing Se(VI) to Se(IV) with 6.0mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid; however, for individual Se(IV), Se(VI) or soluble Se, after the hair sample was immersed into water and disrupted ultrasonically for 8h at room temperature, 2, 3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) reagent was added to extract Se(IV). The sum of Se(IV) and Se(VI) was determined by extracting Se(IV) after reducing all of the Se(VI) into Se(IV) with the addition of potassium bromide. Se(VI) was obtained by subtracting Se(IV) from the sum of Se(IV) and Se(VI). The content of organic Se in the hair sample was calculated by subtracting Se(IV)+Se(VI) from the total Se. The detection limit of the method was 0.3ngSe cm-3, and the average precision (relative standard deviation) was less than 5% (
n=6).
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Hirotsugu MINAMI, Qiangbin ZHANG, Sadanobu INOUE, Ikuo ATSUYA
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
199-203
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
An easy, highly sensitive and accurate method for the determination of 1μg/g levels of calcium in steels by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) has been established based on the examination of the effects of acids and iron on calcium determination. A direct determination of 0.1μg/g levels of calcium in high grade pure iron by GF-AAS with a solid sampling technique has been proposed in order to avoid the effect of calcium contamination in acids. It thus became possible to determine ultra-trace levels of calcium in high grade pure iron.
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Güler SOMER, Güler EKMEKÇI
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
205-208
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Selenite reacts with iodide ion quantitatively in acidic solution forming selenium and iodine. The iodine formed is extracted into chloroform phase and its absorbance is measured at 509nm. With this method 10
-2-5×10
-6M selenium could be determined. The interference of copper is removed by the precipitation of its hydroxide at pH 6-6.5 and 10
-4 M selenite could be determined with 1-4% relative error in the presence of 10
-2M copper and tellurium. This method is applied to anodic slime samples. The results are in accordance with the results obtained with different methods.
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Kiyoyuki WATANABE, Osamu NOGUCHI, Kunio OKADA, Takashi KATSU
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
209-212
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
We constructed a phenylpyruvate-selective electrode using heptyl-4-trifluoroacetylbenzoate as a neutral carrier. The electrode permitted the determination of phenylpyruvate in urine in situ. Its sensitivity spanned the urinary levels of phenylpyruvate (2-12mM) reported for phenylketonuric patients. The results compared favorably with those obtained by colorimetry.
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Kunihiro WATANABE, Makoto ISHIKAWA, Shingo OOKUBO, Masayuki ITAGAKI
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
213-216
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A determination was made of the average valence of bismuth in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor using the o-tolidine spectrophotometric method to lessen the amount of sample required. The chlorine liberated by a reaction between Bi(V) and hydrochloric acid was stoichiometrically equivalent to Bi(V) in the sample. Bi(V) was determined over the range of 0.01-0.10mg based on the absorbance observed with the oxidant of
o-tolidine. The total bismuth was determined by spectrophotometry after the extraction of Bi(III) with Zephiramine and iodide ions into chloroform. By a Bi(V) determination with o-tolidine, the amount of consumed sample could be decreased down 0.5mg. Although Cu(III) did not hinder the determination of Bi(V), Pb(IV) did. In the 2212 Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O sample having a high T
c of 90K, the average valences of bismuth was confirmed to be from 3.12 to 3.17.
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Yu-Qi FENG, Masami SHIBUKAWA, Koichi OGUMA
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
217-223
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic behavior of the complex of aluminum ion with 5-sulfoquinoline-8-ol (HQS) was investigated on the column packed with a polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with the mobile phase containing fluoride ion. It was found that the fluoride ion replaces one or two HQS molecules from the aluminum-HQS complex to form the mixed ligand complexes, which resulted in the appearance of two or more peaks in the chromatograms obtained for aluminum ion. The compositions of the mixed ligand complexes were estimated from the dependence of the areas of the peaks on the mobile phase concentrations of HQS and fluoride ion. The equilibrium and rate constants for the ligand exchange reaction were also evaluated and the reaction mechanism was presented. Aluminum ion could be completely separated from gallium ion by utilizing the ligand exchange reaction.
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Kaoru FUJINAGA, Yasushi SEIKE, Minoru OKUMURA
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
225-230
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
By mixing carbon disulfide and diethylamine in chloroform prior to use, diethyldithiocarbamic acid forms. Such metal ions as Cu
2+, Co
2+, Zn
2+, Ni
2+, Cd
2+, Fe
3+, and Mn
2+ were quantitatively extracted from an aqueous sulfate medium as a diethyldithiocarbamate complex. The optimum extraction conditions, such as the pH, mixing ratio of reagents, and shaking time for equilibrium, were established.
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Minoru OKUMURA, Yasushi SEIKE, Kaoru FUJINAGA, Kazunori HIRAO
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
231-235
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A simple and rapid method for in situ preconcentration of iron(II) in environmental water samples has been developed, based on solid phase extraction using Sep-Pak C18 cartridges. Iron(II) in water samples, which was taken into a graduated syringe to prevent oxidation of iron(II) by air, was converted into a colored cationic complex with ferrozine (C
20H
12N
4O
6S
2Na
2) at pH 4.5 immediately after sample collection. The Iron(II)-ferrozine complex was adsorbed on Sep-Pak C18 as an ion-pair with acetate ion. The complex was stable on Sep-Pak C18 for at least 3 weeks. The adsorbed complex was eluted with a mixture of acetone and 0.1M hydrochloric acid. The color intensity due to the complex was measured at 562nm. The proposed method is applicable to brackish and sea waters as well as fresh water.
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Hiromichi YAMADA, Yuji MATSUI, Yumi KUROKI, Hiroko WADA
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
237-244
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The extraction of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) with 1- and 2-naphthoic acids was carried out using benzene and 1-octanol as a solvent at 25°C and a 0.1mol dm
-3 constant ionic strength in the aqueous phase (NaClO
4). Although just a slight difference in the partition behavior of 1-naphthoic and 2-naphthoic acids was detected for both benzene and 1-octanol solvent systems, it has been found that between these isomers there were pronounced differences in the extraction equilibria of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) naphthoates for both benzene and 1-octanol solvent systems. 1-Naphthoic acid was found to be significantly superior to 2-naphthoic acid not only in the extractability of these metal ions, but also in the solubility into both benzene and 1-octanol solvents.
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Takako NAGASAKI, Tadashi OHKUBO, Kazunobu SUGAWARA, Norio YASUI, Koich ...
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
245-249
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed for the determination of alprazolam and its active metabolite,
α-hydroxyalprazolam, in human plasma. Alprazolam,
α-hydroxyalprazolam and estazolam as an internal standard were detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 230nm. Alprazolam and
α-hydroxyalprazolam in plasma were extracted by a rapid and simple procedure based on cyanopropyl bonded-phase extraction. A C
8 reversed-phase HPLC separation technique was developed. Determination of alprazolam was possible in the concentration range at 1.0-50ng/ml and
α-hydroxyalprazolam in range at 0.5-10ng/ml. The mean recoveries of alprazolam and
α-hydroxyalprazolam added to plasma were 98.05±5.75% and 96.25±5.70%, respectively, with the relative standard deviation of less than 7.8 and 10.6%. The method is applicable to drug monitoring of alprazolam and
α-hydroxyalprazolam level in plasma of healthy volunteers and patients treated with alprazolam.
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Yuan-zong LI, Xiao-jing LIU, Hong-fei LIU, Hong-tao LIU, Yun-xiang CI
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
251-254
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A new fluorescent reaction of DNA with chloroacetic acid in the presence of triethylamine is proposed, and the reaction conditions have been optimized. Based on this fluorescent reaction, a sensitive fluorometric method is described for the determination of DNA and the selective determination of cytosine and dCMP. The detection limits for DNA, cytosine and dCMP were 6.0, 0.4 and 1.4ng/ml, respectively.
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Xinxiang WANG, Masato SHIMIZU, Fujio NUMANO, Hiroshi ASAOKA, Sachiko Y ...
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
255-261
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
We have developed a fluorometric method for routine analyses of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
3 (25-OHD
3) and 24, 25- and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D
3 [24, 25- and 1, 25-(OH)
2D
3] in human plasma. Lipid extracts from plasma (2.5ml) were purified using a Sep-Pak silica cartridge followed by normal-phase HPLC, and each of the three metabolites was assayed in separate lines. Each metabolite fraction was treated with fluorescent dienophile (DMEQ-TAD) and quantified on reversed-phase HPLC after appropriate cleanup steps. Labeled 25-OHD
3 was quantified directly, 24, 25-(OH)
2D
3 was analyzed after cleanup by a Bond Elut PSA cartridge and 1, 25-(OH)
2D
3 was quantified after purification by a Bond Elut PSA cartridge and normal-phase HPLC. In the assay of 25-OHD
3, we demonstrated the usefulness of a non-radioactive internal standard for the fluorometric assay. The multiple fluorometric assay was successfully applied to the clinical monitoring of vitamin D
3 therapy in a vitamin D-deficient patient with metabolic bone disease.
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Cheng Zhi HUANG, Ji Xing ZHU, Ke An LI, Shen Yang TONG
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
263-268
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A method for determination of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and
γ-globulin (
γ-IgG) at nanogram levels is proposed by using a common spectrofluorometer to detect the intensity of resonance light-scattering. In the presence of BSA or
γ-IgG at pH 1.86 and ionic strength 0.04, the aggregation of α, β,
γ, δ-tetrakis(4-sulfophenyl)porphine (TPPS
4) was observed. It was found to result in strong enhanced resonance light-scattering (RLS) signal with a scattering peak at 490.0nm. But at pH 1.86 and ionic strength 0.11, only BSA can induce the aggregation of TPPS
4 resulting in the strong enhanced RLS. Determination for synthetic samples by making use of the effect of ionic strength showed that if the ratio of
γ-IgG in the mixture of
γ-IgG and BSA is lower than 0.20, the results for the simultaneous determination of BSA and
γ-IgG fractions without separation are satisfactory, but if the content of
γ-IgG in the mixture is too high, the determination error is significant. However, the total content of BSA and
γ-IgG in human serum can be determined with results identical to those obtained according to the Bradford method using CBB G-250.
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Yijing LIN, Tateaki OGATA, Hiroki WATANABE, Yuki WATANABE, Takao AKATS ...
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
269-272
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The rate constants of nitroxide reduction by ascorbate ion were determined from a time-series measurement of ESR images, that is, ESR spatiotemporal images, which were measured with a rapid field scan L-band ESR-CT system. Two test tubes containing the phosphate buffer solutions of 3-carbamoyl-2, 2, 5, 5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-yloxy (C-PROXYL) and ascorbate ion with different concentrations were placed together in the loop-gap resonator and a time-series measurement of 2-dimensional ESR images were obtained. The first-order rate constants for each reduction were determined from the time course of the total gray scale at each test tube region. These rate constants agreed with those measured individually from L-band or X-band ESR spectra.
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Yaming LI, Takeo KANEKO, Yoshiyuki MOCHIDA, Shigeo NAKAMURA, Masahiko ...
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
273-278
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The photoproducts obtained from p-phenylene diacrylic acid diethyl ester crystal with various photo-irradiation times were analyzed by liquid ionization (LI) mass spectrometry. It was found that hexadecane was an effective matrix for observing large oligomer ions, trifluoroacetic acid enhanced the protonated molecular peaks, and 2-aminoethanol was useful to produce stable adduct ions of oligomers. The molecular weight distributions were readily determined from the mass numbers of both protonated molecules and molecular adduct ions. Large oligomers up to the hexamer (M.W. 1644) were observed, even though they were insoluble in CHCl
3. The topochemical photopolymerization via step-growth process was observed, as has been reported. The mass spectra of the oligomers produced with longer than 20min photo-irradiation, however, indicated that the reaction between two dimer molecules occurred also to result in formation of species having an even-numbered degree of polymerization, such as tetramer, hexamer and so on. The observed chain-growth may be attributed to the gradual change of molecular arrangement in the reacting crystal during the initial stage of topochemical reaction. The LI method gives detailed information about chemical reactions.
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Kazuhiko TSUKAGOSHI, Shigehiro FUJIMURA, Riichiro NAKAJIMA
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
279-281
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2007/07/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Masahiko TSUJI, Yumi AKIYAMA, Miho YANO
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
283-285
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Mustafa SOYLAK, Ugur SAHIN, Ahmet ÜLGEN, Mehmet DOGAN
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
287-289
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Yuji SUZUKI
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
291-294
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Yasuaki OKAMOTO, Kenichi NAKATA, Terufumi FUJIWARA, Takahiro KUMAMARU
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
299-301
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Kazuhisa MIYATA, James B. METSON, Junichi NISHITA, Shinji TAKAHASHI, T ...
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
303-305
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Seiki YAMAGUCHI, Mitsugi SENDA
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
307-309
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Kazuhiko SEYA, Kazuhiko SEYA, Nobuhiro OHKOHCHI, Hiroshi SHIBUYA, Susu ...
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
311-314
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Kimio OKAMURA, Kei-ichi AOE, Hajime HIRAMATSU, Noriyuki NISHIMURA, Tad ...
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
315-317
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Masahiko MAEKAWA, Takayoshi KURODA-SOWA, Yusaku SUENAGA, Megumu MUNAKA ...
1997 年 13 巻 2 号 p.
319-320
発行日: 1997/04/10
公開日: 2006/07/07
ジャーナル
フリー
