Journal of High Pressure Institute of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-9598
Print ISSN : 0387-0154
ISSN-L : 0387-0154
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Volume 48, Issue 6
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Review
  • Real-Time Prediction of Liquid Sloshing of Oil Storage Tank Based on Earthquake Early Warning
    Shinsaku ZAMA, Haruki NISHI, Minoru Yamada, Yoshihiro HIROKAWA, Makoto ...
    Article type: Review
    2010 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages 303-310
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 07, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11181/hpi.48.303
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    For an efficient patrol to prevent and⁄or minimize secondary disaster such as fire breakout and diffusion of oil at tank sites just after an earthquake, we investigated the possibility of real-time prediction of liquid sloshing of oil storage tank based on Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) . We show that main damage such as fire, overflow of oil, failure of floating roofs and so on due to liquid sloshing in the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake was quantitatively explained by the velocity response spectrum at the site. In order to estimate velocity response spectrum in predicting liquid sloshing using EEW, we developed the attenuation equation of spectral amplitude for far-field surface waves considering both the seismotectonic zoning and the scaling law of the source characteristics. Then, we applied the attenuation equation to the EEW in the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake (M7. 2) for Sendai Oil Industrial Complex District, and obtained a good agreement between the predicted and the observed spectrum. Thus, it is expected that the information about the predicted sloshing behavior in a very early stage after a large earthquake using EEW will be disseminated to person responsible for disaster countermeasures prior to communication congestion.
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  • A Full Surface Storage Tank Fire Accident Caused by the Floating Roof Damage due to Wind Loading
    Masaru WAKASA
    Article type: Review
    2010 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages 311-320
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 07, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11181/hpi.48.311
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The large storage tank fire at Milford Haven in the UK in 1983 originated from the wind induced fatigue damage of the floating roof. Flammable vapors formed by the oil which seeped through the fatigue cracks onto the surface of the roof were ignited by incandescent carbon particles discharged from the flare stack. As a result of the roof sank due to the water accumulation in initial fire-fighting efforts, the fire became a full surface fire with multiple boilovers.
    Many lessons can be learned from this accident, and one of them is the importance of a floating roof design for wind loading and maintenance for wind induced cracks.
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  • New Technologies and Robotic In-Service Inspections for Aboveground Storage Tanks
    Shoichi YOSHIDA
    Article type: Review
    2010 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages 321-325
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 07, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11181/hpi.48.321
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    Some new technologies in the maintenances and the inspections for aboveground storage tanks were developed in USA and Europe. As these technologies, this paper describes the aluminum dome roof, the double bottom and LORUS. The robotic ultrasonic thickness measuring devices were developed in USA. A large number of tanks have been inspected using robotic in-service method. This paper also describes these robots, NEPTUNE, MAVERICK and OTIS.
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  • Potential Danger of Pressure Test for Pressure Vessels and Piping and Improvement of Test Procedure
    Takuya SATO, Tomoaki KISO
    Article type: Review
    2010 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages 334-345
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 07, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11181/hpi.48.334
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    Pressure tests of pressure vessels and piping involve the potential danger of brittle fracture. Especially, pneumatic pressure tests involve the hazard of releasing energy stored in compressed gas. Engineers and designers relating to the pressure facilities have been taking care to minimize the chance of fracture during the pressure tests. The care must be taken into account in materials selection, design, welding and heat treatment, inspection and test procedure. However, the fracture accident could not be eradicated for a long time. Sometimes, this resulted in a fatal accident. It is important to wake the best effort to prevent the accident itself. Considering the difficulty of eradication of the accident, it is also important to protect the human lives during pressure tests.
    In this paper, several improvements were proposed in order to protect the human lives. The main points are the selection of test method (hydrostatic or pneumatic?) , pressure measurement, inspection during pressure test and exclusion zone. Some of these require the revision of laws, codes or standards.
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Original Paper
  • Study on a Detection Method of Corrosions on External Surface of Small Nominal Diameter Pipes by Angle Beam Technique using Horizontally Polarized Shear Wave
    Tsutomu KIKUCHI, Yoshikazu YOKONO, Kaoru NITTA, Mitoshi YOTSUTSUJI
    Article type: Original paper
    2010 Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages 326-333
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: January 07, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11181/hpi.48.326
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    The objective of the present paper is to propose a method for detecting corrosions on the external surfaces of actual small-diameter pipes by applying angle beam technique using Horizontally Polarized Shear Wave (SH-wave) . The accuracy for measuring the corrosions in the pipes with the nominal diameter of 1∼3 inches, in which artificial flaws have been fabricated is investigated. Furthermore, the measurements in site are carried out and comparisons are made between the measurement results and the actual conditions.
    The following results were obtained through these experimental investigations.
    (1) The angle beam technique using SH-wave can detect local thickness reduction in the circumferential direction of small-diameter pipes.
    (2) The present angle beam technique using SH-wave is not affected by the fluid existed inside the pipes, and the corrosion detection is possible under actual operating conditions.
    (3) Although there is no correlation between the depth of the artificial flaw and the signal amplitude, it is shown that the artificial flaws can be detected with high accuracy.
    (4) The results of corrosion measurements on the external surface of the actual small-diameter pipes show that corroded parts which are located far from the variable angle probe can be detected and that the reduction rate of the cross-sectional area is greater.
    (5) The location of the flaw can be estimated by the angle beam technique using SH-wave even in the case where the corrosion grows.
    (6) The present method shown here is an outstanding inspection method for detecting external surface corrosions.
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