This papaer describes the study on the visibility of a display for automobiles by the sensory evaluation, the reaction time measurement and the sight characteristics measurement. Experimental results indicate that the sensory grade correlates to the reaction time length and the size of accommodation chage.

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We investigated our two-dimensional visual processing model. We presented a theory and the restoration images of the various modulation images for a layed model which extended external, retina and brain.This paper propose the restoration images and the estimation by the approximation degree of the pulse density modulation image and the ordered dither image of GIRL using the equivalent approximation method.

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This report presents an experimental study on the feature of audio-visual responses while driving a motorcar. When drivers talked with other people, prolonged reaction time and narrower eye movement were observed than those when just listening human voice and nothing. This suggested that the conversation on portable phone affects the safety driving.

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This paper describes visual accommodation characteristics corresponding to depth information while viewing stereoscopic display. The results are shown as a Figure calculated using the experimental values. Precise measurements were obtained. Mutual relationship was sufficiently estimated from the result of measurements.

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We measured the perceptual location of probe stimuli presented briefly when a moving target is tracked by pursuit eye movements. Our results show that the probe stimuli presented in the right side of the starting target position are mislocalized in the same direction as smooth pursuit eye movements.

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We have developed a new system that makes us feel the two fingers touching something or its weight, and tested its prototype. This system operates as means of presenting three-dimensional digital contents in addition to the current image display. The system enables us to feel touching, grasping, and taking up an object. That is, we opened a new way for the means of presenting three-dimensional digital contents.

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The single-sideband method cuts off light beams coming from conjugate images in holography using amplitude modulation. This method in combination with half-zone plate processing restricts the viewing zone within narrow range and also causes shading. We have proposed a method to improve these restriction and deterioration by time-alternate switching of hologram and a spatial filter set on the focal plane.

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In order to realize precise coded picture quality evaluation, we develop the picture quality evaluation server, which consists of an objective quality evaluator, a MOS evaluator and a subjective evaluation system. From results using 6 distorted pictures, it is found that that the true MOS is estimated by AWSNR more precisely than SNR.

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We applied our previously proposed method of objective picture quality measurement to 720P MPEG-2 coded images, and examined a method of the objective measurement for all of the three different picture formats, 480I, 480P and 720P in the MPEG-2 Main Profile. These objective measurements show good correlation with subjective results.

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This study examined the requirements for subjective picture quality of reflective liquid crystal displays. Thirty subjects rated 20 lightness and contrast combinations for the photo-realistic images displayed on hard copies that simulated reflective color LCDs. The result indicates that the required contrast ratio is about 15 for satisfying the users' demands for picture quality. This result was independent of the lightness conditions.

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In order to estimate the degradation of picture quality of a stereoscopic image reconstructed with a monocular image and the disparity data that have some fluctuations, a series of experiments was carried out. The results show that the degradation is most sensitively detected when the spatial frequency of the fluctuation is about 4.5 cycle/deg, and that the peak frequency is constant irrespective of either width or slant of objects.

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This paper explores the use of the iterated function system (IFS) as a geometric representation for the interpolation of 2-D shapes. It focus on the interpolation of the linear fractal shapes whose IFS attractors consisting of same number of affine transformations maps. Metamorphosis of shapes described by the IFS representation involves interpolation of the IFS maps. Iterated function system define shapes using self-transformations, and interpolation of these shapes requires interpolation of these transformations. A fast and new image based technique for determining the connectedness of an iterated function system attractor is proposed based on polar decomposition. Polar decomposition is suggested to use for interpolation because it avoids singular intermediate transformations and better simulate articulated motion. Polar decomposition factors have physical and visual interpretation which are not found in other decomposition methods.

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To estimate the locations and intensities of pixels that would appear in the nonexistent intermediate slices. In this paper, we propose an image metamorphosis algorithm that uses the contours of organs as the control parameters to the intensity information in the physical gaps of serial medical slices.The snake model are used for generating the control points required for the elastic body spline morphing algorithm [1], which were previously manually specified. Contour information derived from this segmentation pre-process is then further processed and used as control parameters to warp the corresponding regions in both input data slices into compatible shapes.

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This paper deals with the taks that an arbitary-viewpoint image is reconstructed from an image sequence taken with a moving camera. As the first step, we take up the small problem that some image frame of the observed image sequence is reconstructed from the other image frames, anad we form a single algorithm.

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Old film sequences are often impaired by blotches and scratches. Previously, we have developed a fuzzy filtering method for the blotch removal. However, actual old film sequences are damaged by not only blotches but also impulsive and gaussian random noise. In this paper, we study the restoration performance of the fuzzy filtering method in the case of mixture noise, and demonstrate the adaptability to the mixture noise.

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Previously we have proposed the extended block-matching algorithm with the brightness constancy assumption. However, brightness changes make the motion estimation fail. We apply a brightness-compensated algorithm, mimicking mechanism of the human's retina to motion estimation. With this algorithm, the extended block-matching algorithm can accurately estimate local motion from a moving image sequence with brightness changes.

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This paper proposes a very fast and accurate cut detection algorithm exploiting characteristics of scene changes on MPEG coding parameter domain. It is declared that the proposed algorithm can accomplish over 25 times faster detection for MPEG-1 compressed data than that of real-time playback using standard workstation, and also that most of the abrupt scene changes, dissolves and wipes can be successfully detected.

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[in Japanese]

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This papar presents an anisotropic reflection model of rose petals and develops techniques for photorealistic computer graphics. A rose petal is composed of several layers of cells. The top layer which consists of upper epidermal cells forms a dome. We make a model of the dome with its "micro-scale structure", and faithfully simulate the optics phenomenon.

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We created from the impression, and used them for the integrated multimedia performance of moving picture, music, and dance, on the basis of impression words. This multimedia performance was given by "the synthetic productionsystem of different media".

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The Telecommunications Advancement Organization (TAO) of Japan, has initiated a project in which electronically available text of TV news programs is summarized and synchronized with the speech and video automatically, then superimposed on the original programs for the benefit of the hearing impaired people in Japan. The project started in 1996 and will end in 2001. We reported the main research issues and the result of preliminary research last year. This report describes the recent results of our research for technology of producing closed captions for TV programs.

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The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers has been working towards the establishment of common assessment conditions appropriate for stereoscopic television systems. A principal work is aimed at producing stereoscopic test materials of 3D HDTV. The test materials consist of two parts, and this paper reports the abstract of the vision tests part which screens the normal stereopsis of observers.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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In our virtual reality system with stereoscopic 3D display using an Image Splitter, virtual object is always overlapped by real object. It causes contradiction of occlusion between virtual object and real one. We attached the force feedback system which can control to prevent this contradiction.

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A display system requiring no special glasses is a useful technology for 3-D images. The authors have researched real-time 4-views and 32-views holographic stereogram displays using a holographic screen. These simple display systems present stereoscopic 3-D images, but the quality of the images is poor for lack of usable pixels. This paper shows that this problem can be solved by using multiple LCD panels. In this paper, the result of fundamental study about a stereo display system using multiple panels is described.

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We propose the prototype of Head Mounted Display using Holographic Optical Element. A single HOE can separate the stereoscopic images onto the left and right eyes by its characteristics, that is angular selectivity and wavelength selectivity. We prototyped the HMD that has miniaturization, lightening, wide filed of vision.

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We have proposed the fast calculate of the Fresnel hologram. Since sampled hologram usually has small pixel intervals, the double difference of the phase can be considered as a constant. Therefore, the phase value can be obtained with simple additions. Interactive computation speed is obtained with a high-end personal computer.

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We invstigate data compression of hologram patterns by transfrom coding. In this paper, we examine the relationship between the transform coefficients and the reproducted images. We find that high order transform coefficients are important to obtain good reproducted images.

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Ray-based representation of 3-D visual data is on the assumption that 4-D ray parameters, which represent the position of passing point and direction, are regarded as analog data. In this paper, we examine the effects of digitization of 4-D ray parameters. In such condition, ray data is chosen incorrectly when new image is synthesized, which causes local distioritions in synthsized image.

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In the recent studio systems, various video signal formats have been used in complicated condition. In addition to the conventional formats for SDTV, the advent of new formats for high-quality ATV and HDTV have made the studio systems far more complicated than before. In such a situation, selection of a video signal format is becoming more and more important for configurating the production system. This paper explains a newly developeddigital production switcher able to correspond to various types video signal formats.

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We propose the new level control of television audio signal. This system is one of the excelent system to solute the problem of television audio signal. We use DALC(Digital Automatic Level Control) and SSS(Speed Soft Slicer) that developed for this system.

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We developed the world's first air compressed rail track tube allowing the 5 axis camera to curve around 3 corners of the speed skating rink. This system assured the camera to follow and lead the speed skaters resulting with dynamic shots for the Nagano Olympic Games 1998.

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We have developed a digital triax transmission system for television camera. We adopt a transmission method which brought high quality picture and low cost production. And we have realized target specifications.

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In order to maintain stable broadcasting services it is necessary to always have an accurate grasp of broadcasting equipment conditions. To prevent broadcast mishaps, NHK already uses transmission control and surveillance devices suited to the size of each station. Now we have also developed a practical version of a transmitting station alarm devise which uses a commercially-available radio-linked LAN.

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I have been examining a method of description of Electronic Program Guide using XML(Extensible Mark-up Language), which have capability of data exchange. In this paper, I propose PGML(Progran Guide Mark-up Language) based on XML, and indicate that how describe Program Guide using PGML, and how it works effectively.

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The surface potential of ZnS : Ag, Cl phosphor coated with In_2O_3 conducting layer under low energy electron excitation was investigated. The mesh electrode was fabricated on the sample, then mesh and sample currents as a function of mesh voltage were measured. Both currents were changed abruptly at the mesh voltage according to the surface potential. It was indicated that this method was very effective for the measurement of surface potential. The surface potential was changed with coating condition of phosphor. It is suggested that the pronounced charging-up occurs at a excitation voltage lower than 200V in the ZnS : Ag, Cl phosphor.

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The structural and luminescent properties of ZnO thin films prepared by the electron beam evaporation technique have been investigated. The films showed c-axis oriented ZnO and their crystallinity was improved by heat treatment in air and Ar atmosphere. Almost of all films showed PL and CL with peak at around 510nm, whereas the film annealed at 800℃ in air showed the spectrum with peak at about 540nm. The 510nm emission is thought to correspond to the blue-green emission of ZnO : Zn phosphor. In CL measurement, about CL luminance of 60cd/m^2 was obtained under excitation at 2kV and 400μA/cm^2. Moreover, it was shown that CL can be obtained even 250eV without charging-up on the film surface.

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Structural and luminescent properties of CaS : Cu, F thin films prepared by the electron beam evaporation technique have been investigated. The film deposited at 500℃ showed [110] orientation and the crystallinity of the film was improved with increasing annealing temperature. The film annealed at temperature higher than 700℃ showed spectra with peaks at about 430 and around 500nm at room temperature, and the 430nm emission became dominant by the annealing at 800℃ in H_2S atmosphere. It was suggested from the measurement of the time-resolved emission spectra that the blue luminescence of the phosphor and film is not due to D-A pair recombination but due to the intraionic transition in the Cu^+ ion.

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[in Japanese]

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We have developed new polymer/FLC composite device having an unique domain switching. The domains appear as a periodic stripe pattern and gently change by the applied field keeping its uniformity. This technique realizes the analogue grey scale SSFLC without any modification of the device configuration and fabrication process.

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[in Japanese]

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NEC has developed the 15cm (6.1-in.) diagonal TFT color LCD module for portable personal computers. Display quality is progressed by devising the wiring of drain lines and arrangement of video data.

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We conducted a research on the quantitative evaluation of display quality for LCD Panel. Evaluation of uniformity in display quality is especially hard to automated inspection. Its technology will be applied to automatic inspection of display quality in LCD or PC manufacturing.

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For an original display picture of an electromagnetic panel display used a 256 tone coffee cup image having smooth brightness change. Picture quality of the panel display by 2×2 matrix elements varies with brightness levels of matrix's sub-elements. The optimum brightness level was founded by variance and LSS characteristics.

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We present a temperature rise model of Deflection Yoke for high resolution color display and factors of temperature rise. the power consumption of horizontal deflection coils are calculated by using new method.

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By using ultra-high speed electronic camera system, we studied the discharge characteristics of Xe VUV emissions for the surface-discharge ac plasma displays.

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Paschen curve (relation between breakdown voltage and pd (p : pressure, d : electrode distance)) was calculated by one-dimensional computer simulation using fluid model under the local field approximation. Relations between priming electron density and breakdown voltage were also calculated in a positive column cell by varying the values of pd.

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"T"-shaped electrodes divided in each discharge cell were designed for high luminance efficiency and high definition Co-planner type AC-PDPs. A 1.2lm/W of luminance efficiency for 40inch-VGA panel and a 1.0lm/W for 50inch-XGA wide panel were realized with this electrodes. In our discharge cell structure, 0.03mm of maximum tolerance for panel assembling process was needed, and accomplished for manufacturing process.

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AC 26inch PDP of engineering sample with pixel pitch 0.66mm was succesufully developed. We made the 853×480 VGA class PDP via printing and sandblasting process. We evaluated the basic characteristics of process technology. The developed AC 26inch PDP will be good aplication for home TV and monitor for office work because of high density of pixel.

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