It is reported that the internal migration pattern in some developed countries has had a tendency to the reconcentration to core regions since the 1980s. Japan also has shown the same trends, although the level of net migration rate of core regions in the country is different from those of some other developed countries. It is important to examine the reemergence of the concentration to core regions in the internal migration pattern in terms of industrial restructuring. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between Japanese internal migration pattern and industrial restructuring in the latter half of the 1980s. The data sets employed in this paper are derived from 1990 Population Census of Japan and 1986 and 1991 Establishment Census of Japan. Both data sources are most popular in the country. This paper consists of three sections. The first section reveals the internal migration pattern between 1985 and 1990. The second one examines the industrial restructuring between 1986 and 1991. And finally, last one is devoted to explaining the relationship between internal migration pattern and industrial restructuring in the latter half of the 198Os. The main findings obtained are summarized as follows ; 1) The internal migration pattern between 1985 and 1990 is characterized by the concentration to a few higher order central cities, such as cities located in core regions (Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya metropolitan areas) and those of regional center (Sapporo, Sendai, Hiroshima and Fukuoka). Especially, the concentration to Tokyo metropolitan area is remarkable. 2) The industrial restructuring between 1986 and 1991 are characterized by the contrast between the development of service economy by the growth of producer services in the higher order central cities (I〜IIIa) and the relative agglomeration of consumer services and manufacturing in the lower order central cities (IV〜Va). 3) As a result of regression analysis, the trends of the higher urban functions, which are consisted of producer services, banking and insurance, real estate, and wholesale trade, are very important for explaining the relationship between internal migration pattern and industrial restructuring in the latter half of the 198Os. And also, in Japan, it should be noted that manufacturing has a positive influence on the internal migration pattern in higher order central cities (I〜IIIa).

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Today's economic, environmental and academic conditions of agriculture have been transformes in the ten years and agricultural geography has entered stage. It is important at this new stage to examine possible frameworks used to describe these transformations. The aim of this paper is to review recently. discussed framework from English-speaking countries and to examine the availability of such framework in agricultural geography of Japan from the view point of analytical methods. In English-speaking countries, "food system" approach has been discussed by I. R. Bowler and T. Marsden and others since the latter half of the l980s. It is characterized for this approach that it deals with agricultural input, product processing, food distribution and food consumption in addition to farm production which is the main subject of the traditional agricultural geography. Moreover the food system approach tries to incorporate physical environment, state farm policy, credit/financial market and international food trade into the framework. And the adoption Of this approach has made possible the inclusive and systematic analysis of the industrialization, internationalization and capitalization of agriculture. Agribusiness, agricultural development of the third world and sustainable development can be pointed out as the global theme of the new agricultural geography. These can not be grasped only by the analysis of the function and structure of farm production. For example, the function of processing or financial markets plays an important role in agribusiness studies. In the same way state policy, food consumption, international food trade or environmental factors are indispensable to make progress in developmental studies with sustainable and world economical view points. The food system approach is not popular in agricultural geography of Japan. But several view points in common with the food system approach can be seen in recent studies of agricultural geography of Japan. For example, it can be observed in the analysis of the relationship among the farm production, the processing, the distribution and the consumption sectors. In these studies the concern for inter-nationalization, industrialization or capitalization within the Japanese agricultural situation can be observed. And similar concerns have been observed also in the departments of economics today. However, the new approach is not without problems ; Firstly there is interest in the geographic view point of how the food system projects on the geographical space, the regional structure and the regional system such as rural-urban system and core-periphery structure. The theory of the system approach of urban and industrial geographies can be useful for the food system study as the method of geography. Secondly there is the discussion of the links among the functions in the food system. In the department of agricultural economy the study of agricultural markets has long-range investigation of farm production and other sectors, and this markets study is considered to have some insights into the links of the food system. Thirdly there is discussion concerning what plays a positive role and integrates other functions in such food systems. This theme can be best considered by using the political economy approach represented by spatial division of labour

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Previous studies have defined the concept of port hinterland as an area in which materials from the port are consumed and goods for the port produced. For this study, the author assumed the hinterland of Shimonoseki Port to be the Shimonoseki City area. In order to analyse the relationship between the businesses in this area and the port, a questionnaire survey concerned with the transport of goods and materials was carried out for 44 business establishments on the area. In order to elucidate the features of Shimonoseki Port, the author classified 20 major ports in Japan using cluster analysis and identified seven types. According to this analysis, Shimonoseki Port falls into the "local city port of small size" category. Ten typical establishments selected from the 44 mentioned above replied to a more detailed questionnaire designed to collect detailed information on the transport of goods and materials. Based on this data, the 10 establishments classified into six types by cluster analysis. It can be concluded that not only a large share of the businesses in Shimonoseki City but also of those in the outlying waterfront closely related to Shimonoseki Port use other ports, depending on the kinds of goods and materials involved. A multilayered port-hinterland structure has developed through the diversification of the goods and materials transport system.

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This Paper analyzes international urban system in East and Southeast Asia in terms of air passenger flows using factor analysis and modified direct connection method, especially focusing on Fukuoka, which has recently attracted much attention to its international functions. Two prominent networks of air passenger flows are identified : one is East Asian network in which strong linkages among the cities in Japan and Korea (ROK) are clearly formed, and Fukuoka is ranked third among the Japanese cities only after Tokyo and Osaka and followed by Nagoya ; and the other is Southeast Asian network, which partly extends to South Asia. The most important feature of Fukuoka is its strong linkage with Pusan, while the other three major cities in Japan retain much stronger linkages with Seoul : Fukuoka's linkage with Pusan well competes that with Seoul, showing possibility of direct and stable international linkages between non-capital cities of different countries. This result supports applicability of the Pred-type non-hierarchical model, rather than the Christaller-type hierarchical model, to explain the relation between Fukuoka and Pusan in the East Asian urban system.

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