Annals of the Association of Economic Geographers
Online ISSN : 2424-1636
Print ISSN : 0004-5683
ISSN-L : 0004-5683
Volume 68, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
Research Notes
  • Case Study of Itoshima City, Fukuoka Prefecture
    Yusuke OKA
    2022 Volume 68 Issue 2 Pages 129-148
    Published: June 30, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

        This paper surveys how tourist attractions were formed in the outskirts of Fukuoka City. We examine why innovative human resources who made an impact on the development of the tourism industry of Itoshima City, located next to Fukuoka, relocated to the city and started their own businesses there. The reasons behind their move and business enterprises can be separated into the migrants/entrepreneursʼ internal motives and the external environment of their destination.
        The internal motives of survey subjects at the time of their relocation included securing new work and finding an environment more amenable to childrearing. When starting businesses, their internal motives included their independent and entrepreneurial nature and reconsideration of workstyle. After settling down, their internal motives included the desire to demonstrate their abilities and to contribute to the lives of their neighbors and to their communities.
        For external environmental factors, before 2000 survey subjects emphasized proximity to a large city at the time of relocation and starting businesses, as well as the natural environment of the area. From 2000 onward, additional external environmental factors in their decision to relocate and start businesses were human connections and tourism. Furthermore, as the subjects settled in and their businesses grew, external environmental factors for remaining were the areaʼs diversity and open-mindedness, human networks, and the areaʼs competitive edge.
        Itoshima City was created by a merger of a city and two towns. From 2010, when the number of tourists jumped sharply, a trend of more active utilization of the external environment could be observed in subjectsʼ relocation into the area and starting businesses there. The utilization included taking advantage of human networks, the demand for tourism, and local brands. Furthermore, as the subjects settled in and expanded their businesses and their length of residence in the area grew, important factors that led to retaining human resources were, besides human networks, the areaʼs high level of open-mindedness and diversity.
        This study found that especially with regard to human networks, open-mindedness, and diversity, the areaʼs inhabitants supported migrants and entrepreneurs, who had a strong desire to revitalize the region. This acceptance is a local characteristic of Itoshima City, and allowed migrants and entrepreneurs to sustain and grow their businesses.

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  • A Case Study of Less Favored Areas in the French Alps
    Terutoshi ISHIHARA
    2022 Volume 68 Issue 2 Pages 149-161
    Published: June 30, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

        The Author considered on the sustainment of the agriculture and tourism industry that has been attained through the symbiosis between the agriculture and the tourism industry under the fixed terms (systems of adjustment and suport) in the less favored areas of the French Alps.
        At the District Aigueblanche of the French Alps, a contract that the District concluded with the developers in 1976 intended to maintain the agriculture in harmony with the tourism industry. In this contract, the District decided to allot for the maintenance of the agriculture one-third of the funds provided by the taxation to the building areas which has been constructed by tourism development.
        The grant from the District, Region, nation and prefecture was distributed for the facilities of the pasture land and small skiing grounds in the Alp. The grant from EU was paid directly (direct payment) since 2007 to maintain the farmers who practice extensive dairy farming.
        The next two forms are seen on the symbiosis between agriculture and tourism industry which have been attended by such systems of the adjustment and support. The extensive agriculturists are utilizing as the pasture during summer the alp that the small tourism industries are utilizing as the skiing ground during winter. The family of dairy farmers are working as ski monitors, lift operators, and hotel workers in the small tourism industries.
        Through the symbiosis above, the extensive farming and the small tourism industries have been sustained eco-friendly. A sign of agricultural sustainment is confirmed by the increases of the farmers which continue since 2010 the eco-friendly extensive farming.

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