A decision tree was used to find factors relating to lung cancers and 14,383 cases including 363 lung-cancer cases collected during two years from April 2010 by the diagnosis procedure combination / per-diem payment system (DPC/PDPS) were examined. The candidate factors of the decision tree were a smoking index (Brinkman Index: B.I.), gender, age, and comorbidities i.e. a high blood pressure and a type-2 diabetes, of which many lung-cancer cases have onsets. As results, B.I. was extracted as the most significant factor relating to lung cancers. The rates of the lung cancer cases in 3 groups were 1.5% in the low group (B.I.<441), 5.2% in the middle group (440<B.I.<856) and 8.2% in the high group (856<B.I.), and the largest difference of the percentages among the groups was more than 5 times. The second factors were the age and the high blood pressure. These factors were presented as the factors relating to lung cancers in previous clinical reports. The decision tree is useful to detect the factors of lung cancers from DPC data.

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Comprehensive evaluation system of medical treatment fees by Diagnosis Procedure Combination (below DPC) is a system to pay a certain amount depending on the conditions of the disease names and so on that targets the acute hospitalization. DPC code 040080 includes pneumonia, acute bronchitis and acute bronchiolitis. It branched the correspondence by age condition in 2012 and led to small sum to less than 15 years old (Children), large sum to 15 years old or more (Adults). Then I examined the validity of the branch by age condition As a result, I can see the difference in the number of disease names, length of hospital stay, the volume score and comprehensive score. In other words, acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis are often in children, pneumonia is often in adults. Length of hospital stay is short-term in children., adults are long-term. Comprehensive score is higher than volume score in children and adults is the reverse. Through these, it was considered DPC revision of fiscal 2012 was a correct decision as the direction for the DPC code 040080. By applying the decision tree analysis, without assuming in advance and I can evaluate the validity of branch in children and adults which can be seen the reality of medical fees and medical contents of DPC classification.

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The purpose of this paper was to report the development process of the scale for measuring for home care of male caregiver of dementia. First, male caregiver's coping in precedence literatures reporting male caregivers of dementia applies with the pre-existing coping scale. Add questionnaire survey was given to 9 caregivers. And Experts in the field, consisting of university associate professors and specialists of dementia, established the content validity of the scale. Second, the category based on the main subject of the sentences. Each coping of sentences in a category was classified into 21 concepts, which form patients' roles, and the sentences were then organized into 19 items for the primary questionnaire. Finally, the items were refined to represent the concepts, and carefully selected. Finally, the scale for measuring for home care of male caregiver of elderly of dementia, which consist of 21 items, was developed

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Management systems and economic systems are complex because they are involving human behaviors and are affected by many factors. When a system includes uncertainty such as those concerning human behaviors, a fuzzy system approach plays a pivotal role in its analysis. Therefore, many results concerning with their works have been reported. Yabuuchi et al. have proposed a fuzzy autocorrelation model which is using the concept of a soft computing for the Box-Jenkins model. Moreover, fuzzy random variables have been used into the fuzzy autocorrelation model and a predictive accuracy of the model improved. In this work, an improved fuzzy autocorrelation model by using fuzzy random variables will be compared with a fuzzy autocorrelation model by Japanese national consumer price index.

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This paper describes the correlation between the classified subjective evaluation based on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the changes of vital signs for the effects of viewing to the pleasant/unpleasant images which are specified as IAPS (International Affective Picture System). The Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and the Electroencephalogram (EEG) are recorded for 51 healthy subjects (17〜20 years old, male) when they view to the pleasant or unpleasant images. And in order to investigate the psychological state change, the subjects are required to answer VAS questionnaire about subjects' emotional taste. Furthermore, the relationship between the vital sign data and questionnaire results are discussed. As a result, it is suggested that there exits conflicting for appearance tendency of vital signs between the subjects who evaluated positively by unpleasant images, and the subjects who evaluated in the negative.

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Large amounts of important personal identifiable information have been handled on smartphones and tablet PCs nowadays. Therefore information security measures are developed and the importance of identification for uses is increasing more and more. We think a general identification by a passphrase is inadequate and it is necessary to authenticate user validation even at the time of smartphone operation. In this study, as the authentication method that considers operability, practicality and simplicity for smartphone, we propose a biometric authentication method using a flick operation and touch gestures. We analyzed flick operation and touch gestures patterns using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), and calculated authentication accuracy. We experimented with several conditions. The best precision of the authentication that we obtained is 98.01%. For enhancement of accuracy, it was suggested that the repeatability of flick operation and touch gestures are important. As a future work, we will develop and extend our flick and touch gestures authentication method, which is able to identify as correct and authorized user whenever anyone use mobile devices.

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Nowadays, for better security, we must select a more difficult password in the ordinary passphrase method, but it is hard to remember it. We research and develop a novel biometric authentication to compare the advantage of the technique with typical methods. In the previous works, we presented a personal identification method with the image of the hand shapes on the keyboard. It is available to construct in a low-cost way and it is less stressful for users than ordinary passphrase method. In this article, we described the proposal of a biometric authentication method based on Bhattacharyya distance and Chi-square test between color histograms in hand image, and also we discussed the implementation using OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision Library) for the practical use. In addition, we experimented to evaluate the proposal method, and as the result, it was confirmed the best precision of the authentication using the all 3 channels in HSV color space was 100% under the condition with high luminance lighting, and also it was over 95% under the conditions using zoom. Both calculations on Bhattacharyya distance and Chi-square test were almost similar results. It was suggested that the implementation using of our method was valid computational cost.

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A review of psychophysical experiments was done and the big differences of their results are found. We set a suitable new experiment condition and tried several experiments with some results. Then, a review of neurophysiological experiments was done and a rough hypothesis determining fixation point (according to the situation, the information of producing "saccade" is sent SC from a proper area in the brain.) was proposed and a confirmation experiment was done using "Gestalt collapse of Chinese character" phenomena: when a subject gazes a Chinese character for a long time, he loses the function of understanding it at a time not exceeding 60 sec. We obtained a result that the fixation point moves from the center of the Chinese character to the center of its part region such as its left-hand radical at about 8 sec before the collapse.

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Recently, car vision technologies have been paid much attention in the field of ITS(Intelligent Transport System). In particular, techniques for automatic detection of humans (or pedestrians) from images have been studied enthusiastically. The HOG feature proposed by Dalal and Triggs is a well known feature for representing and recognizing a human image. This is the reason why the feature is improved by many researchers. However, none of the previous improved techniques are satisfactory in the detection rate and the processing time. In this paper, we propose a method of detecting a human based on the M-HOG (Multiple-HOG) feature and RealAdaBoost using 2D probability density function. The proposed method can optimize the number of histogram's bin and express feature co-occurrence. We also propose a method using Hue (HSV Transform) and M-HOG feature. Experimental results show effectiveness of the proposed method compared to previous ones.

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The experiment employed 8 healthy subjects. HRVs of the subjects when they listen to the 1/f fluctuation music, bubbling of a stream, "Shirakami-Sanchi", and when they do not, are recorded separately. Furthermore, in order to investigate the psychological state change, the subjects are required to answer VAS questionnaire for both cases (listening to the 1/f music or "Shirakami-Sanchi", and not). When the subjects listen to the 1/f fluctuation music, their LF/HF values are decreased. On the other hand, when the subjects listen to "Shirakami-Sanchi", their LF/HF values are increased. And the experiment result shows that there exists relationship between VAS data ("Like or Dislike") and HRV data. Therefore, the proposed method is very useful.

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Recently, small unsaturation color lights have come into general use for signal lights owing to diffusion and development of LED and fluorescent substances. However, brightness of those lights has not been clarified in previous studies of Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect. The influence of the condition that it is difficult to distinguish the color, such as a point light source and in peripheral visual field, is not sufficiently considered. Therefore, this study examined the influence of retinal eccentricity and color purity on B/L ratio for blinking point light sources. The results suggest that the B/L ratio differs from conventional data even in the fovea. They also show that a saturated blue light is superior as a signal light considering a retinal eccentricity.

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The web accessibility is necessary for all the Internet users, and the visual elements are very important factors. In our previous study, the visibilities of achromatic backgrounds were evaluated on young adults, the elderly and dichromatic vision persons with simulation filters. Moreover, we have shown that it is possible to predict the visibility by multiple regression analysis as explanatory variable which brightness difference and color difference calculated by the RGB value. In this paper, the integrated evaluation was performed based on the visibility prediction results of white and black backgrounds. As the results, the visibility level was distinctly-divided by brightness difference and color difference. For details, it was shown that visibility of web-safe colors was estimated high when brightness difference (L) and color difference (E) were the following range. If brightness difference is in the less than 152.7, color difference in range of E<65.8L-9593, if brightness difference is in 152.7-153.0, color difference in range of E&le;16.0L-1989, or if brightness difference is equal to 153.0 or more, color difference in range of E&le;8.77L-883.1.

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Venipuncture is a commonly used clinical procedure. Venipuncture models are often used in training students in blood collection techniques, as the puncturing risks involved make it unfeasible for students to perform blood collection procedures on each other. Earlier studies have highlighted how such models cannot accurately represent human body characteristics, indicating that by training with these models, students can acquire only a limited number of techniques, compared to when training is conducted with human subjects. Therefore, models that closely approximate the human body need to be developed. In this study, we evaluated venipuncture models by using the discriminant analysis method to measure the vertical force and horizontal torque exerted when a needlepoint is applied to a model. To this end, puncturing experiments were performed using a current model with triaxial force sensors. The results showed that it was possible to differentiate between the characteristics of individual models, indicating that the characteristics of a model closely approximating the human body can be estimated objectively.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the distance of fixation point to investigate acquired visual information strategy by soccer players. In addition, the visual stimuli were presented with an effective field of viewing angle of 110° and a physiological field of viewing angle of 180°. The stimulus presentation monitors were set up three meters from the subject in a semicircle. The subject conducted two tasks (manual reaction time and whole body reaction time) in the three visual stimulus conditions (the front side, effective field of viewing angle, and the physiological field of viewing angle). The result of this study indicated there was no significant difference in the distance of fixation point by stimuli conditions. However, in the result of the relationship between the reaction time and the distance of fixation point, a longer fixation point distance indicated a faster reaction time in whole body reaction. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the performance evaluation from coaches and the distance of fixation points under all of the conditions in whole body reaction. Therefore, this study might suggest that a soccer player who has a longer distance of fixation point will be evaluated as a "player who is good at assessing their situation in a game" by coaches.

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