In discussing the reinforcement of the garden tourism policy, the traditional environmental value in Matsushiro castle town, Nagano city, with castle town origins, known as the city with garden, deserves attention. On the other hand, previous studies that have investigated the traditional environment in Matsushiro town have not adequately discussed the relationship between the borrowed landscape and Zouzan, which can be viewed from the garden, though this falls under the issue related to garden tourism. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the gaze directed to Zouzan from Matsushiro castle town and, based on the results, to traditional factors that would make Zouzan visible from the garden. Based on the traditional environmental values of the city with garden "Matsushiro", this study showed an improvement proposal that may contribute to an issue of the garden tourism policy.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the great places for the night factory view in 12 local governments that joined the Japan national council of night factory view's cities, and to obtain suggestions on how to maintain or create the night factory view. For the analysis, the basic concept of the great places for the night factory view was constructed based on previous research, using five elements: the viewer, the viewer's gaze, the factory, the viewing spot, and the factory's surrounding environment. Using this basic concept, we discussed the similarities and differences among 9 great places for the night factory view: the factory site, the building, the park and green space, the port, the road, the bridge (road), the ship, the train, and the car.

Since the early 1990s, the EU funding programme LEADER has made an important contribution to the development of rural tourism in Europe. This study aimed to investigate and analyse the concept and reality of the LEADER “Bottom-up Approach” in Greece, and to show the characteristics of the Greek “Bottom-up Approach” in the context of LEADER, endogenous development theory and neo-endogenous development theory. In conclusion, the characteristics of the Bottom-up Approach of LEADER in Greece are that LAGs have contributed to business development through daily interaction with local residents, businesses and municipalities, and are now also contributing to the establishment of new local business networks.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the influence of performances by "related tourists" who have lived in the area before and remember it, on the images of other tourists and tourist sites, using the photo exhibition held at the coal mine heritage site in Bibai, Hokkaido. Their performances assisted other tourists in their viewing perspective and reconstructed the image of the tourist site as a space for nostalgia for the past. Not only do these performances contribute to the collective memory of the community, but they may also be positioned as part of heritagization, the process by which memories and values associated with heritage are represented and transformed.

Slum tourism tourists often face ethical criticisms regarding voyeurism. This article examines how tourists on non-profit organization tours in the Kibera region of Kenya address the ethical challenges, based on reviews posted on consumer-generated media and findings from on-site investigations. The findings reveal that tourists express admiration for the resilience of slum residents, while also advocating for ethical consumption such as correct local understanding and appropriate donations. Additionally, the article points out that such ‘ethical’ experiences are fostered by the stakeholders of a non-profit organization, highlighting how slum tourism has been increasingly described as the ‘ethical’ tourism experience.