The purpose of this study is to clarify Marketing in medical institutions (hospitals), and to discuss the relationship between Medical Marketing and Consumer Interest. First, the existing studies on medical-related Marketing are reviewed. Secondly, the management environment of medical institutions in Japan is discussed. Next, Marketing phenomena in medical institutions are considered based on reviews held in Japan and Korea. Finally, I make clear the relationship between Medical Marketing and Consumer Interest and point out the future direction of Medical Marketing.

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The purpose of this study is to consider the change in consumer common sense at present through comparison of the survey conducted on the Association of Consumer Affairs Professionals members'consciousness and the survey on the consumer advisers'consciousness of consumer service centers. In the former survey, while existence of the consumer who has insufficient knowledge of goods became clear, the phenomenon by which consumers bipolarize was revealed. However, in the latter survey, while existence of the consumer who has insufficient recognition regarding contracts became clear, the existence of a diminishing sense of responsibility on the part of consumers was established.

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There have recently been many consumer affairs that raise concerns about corporate compliance. To solve this situation, education with a focus on the perspective of producers and business people may be essential. Considering that home economics education plays a role of providing consumer education in school, we performed textbook analysis to examine the present status of home economics education. The result of the analysis shows that home economics education has currently focused on learning about family and home issues, lacking the perspective of business people. On the other hand, home economics education in the United States includes career education. Based on the concept of career education, teaching plans have been formulated. These plans are designed to ensure that each individual person studies an event both from the perspective of a business person and that of a consumer in a family, home, and community. In this way, each person can take appropriate consumer action to exercise rights and responsibilities as a consumer while, as a business person, being committed to corporate compliance and making efforts to prevent consumer damage. Thus, it may be expected that each person can proactively make decisions and improve his/her own life, consequently contributing to the creation of a better society.

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The purpose of this study is to develop educational material on debt problems. In order to exam the contents of debt problem material, surveys targeting home economics teachers and high school students were carried out. The results are as follows: 1) 100% of home economics teachers answered that educational materials concerning debt problems are needed. 2) Twenty topics concerning debt problems were selected and investigated the relationship between the knowledge of teachers and the degree of class practice. When the teachers'knowledge is insufficient, they tend to avoid teaching about it. 3) The materials which teachers need most were "the state of debt Kinyu" and "Resolution of debt". 4) High school students tend to recognize that credit cards or installment payments are not debts. 5) The six topics requiring material for teaching debt problems to high school pupils were "adequate money management", "debt surroundings the consumer", "interest rates", "consumer laws about debt", "resolutions of debt" and "what the consumer can do to realize a society with no debt problems"

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This paper focuses on the relationship between information-related activities by consumers and the reduction of household waste using a survey of consumers' information activities, their consciousness on buying, eating and disposal, quantity of purchased foods and household waste. Consumers are found to obtain general information actively, however, they obtain dispatch information less actively. Consumers of high information-related activity possess high consciousness on shopping, eating and the environment. They are classified into three groups by their information-related activities. The consumer group of high interest on information or of making effective use of information reduced the household waste while the group of lower interest and less use of information failed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop consumer education to strengthen consumer interest and promote usage of information in order to solve not only general consumer problems but also environmental problems such as the reduction of household waste.

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By referring to the revision of the U.S. Bankruptcy Act, we should focus on the importance of education and counseling for debtors to solve over-indebtedness problems in Japan. Both debtor education for debtors and financial literacy education for all people are the basis of consumer education. Debtor education is designed to aid each individual have a self-sufficient lifestyle according to their individual age and experience. And it is as a safety-net allowing people to play an active role in market society once more. Promotion of consumer education is an indispensable action to correct the lifestyle gap which distortions in the market economy bring about. It is necessary to verify the practicality of the education and counseling which are ongoing at present.

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