Inoue and Hayagumo froze the submandibular gland in the rat and reported the resulting changes from a histological viewpoint, proving that it was affected.
The author has attempted the study to investigate how the function of the salivary gland is affected by cryosurgery.
Materials and Methods: Male wistar rats weighting around 240g were used as experimental animals.The anterior part of the right submandibular gland was frozen with a probe of 4mm diameter by pressure welding, using a cryosurgery apparatus.When the surface temperature under the probe fell to -20°C or below, 30-second freezing was carried out.At 3 days, 1, 3, 5, and 10 weeks after freezing, 1% pilocarpin 8mg/kg was administered intra-abdominally to induce salivary secretion.Saliva was collected every 5 minutes and secretion volume determined.In addition, the auther observed the kinetics of protein secretory glanules in the glanular tubules cell of the submandibular gland.
Results:1) When first examined, 3 days after freezing, salivary secretion volume in the frozen side showed a marked reduction, being limited to 68% of that found in the nonfreezing control group.At 1 week, the secretion volume was extremely small in both the frozen and control sides, only 23% of that found in the control group.At 3 weeks, the volume in the frozen and control sides had increased to 36% and 61% respectively of that in the control group.At 5 weeks, the frozen side showed 67% of the salivary volume in the control group, while the control side showed 97%, almost recovering to the level of the control group.At 10 weeks, the frozen side showed 75% of the volume in non-freezing group.It was demonstrated that remarkable recovery is seen in the frozen side until 5 weeks after freezing.Thereafter, recovery became more gradual.
2) The submandibular gland, once frozen, showed no evidence of capacity for secretion and reaccumulation in the secretory granules even after 5 weeks following freezing.These findings have demonstrated that when the major salivary gland is frozen, a complete recovery is not expected.Therefor, in the case of cryosurgery applied not only to the salivary gland but to the adjoining region, these effects should be carefully considered.

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Recently, in the field of oral surgery, use of the Nd-YAG laser has obtained excellent results for the medical treatment of several diseases.
However, postirradiative affects, such as swelling, pain, ulceration, masticatory disturbance, etc., can occur.
Macroscopic, histopathological and biochemical investigations following laser irradiation were undertaken in experiments on animals.
In the healing of the stress caused by laser irradiation, it was recognized that the duration of the healing period depended not only on the output but also the duration of irradiation.
Early in the investigations of laser treatment, the difference in healing was also recognized as being affected by the focus distance of laser irradiation.
In addition, biochemically, hydroxyproline levels fell immediately after irradiation, and at 4 days post treatment, reached the lowest level. After that time, rising levels were observed.
The change of the III/ I ratio was recognized to rise and reach a peak at 7 days.

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Macroscopic, histopathological and scanning electron microscopic studies were performed on the healing process of tongue mucosa wounds caused by Nd-YAG laser irradiation. Male Wister rats were used as the experimental animals. The surface of the tongue was irradiated by Nd-YAG laser (20 watts, 3 seconds, focus distance 8 mm). Fourteen days after-irradiation, the surface of the wound had been covered by the epithelium. However, 56 days after irradiation no papilla were found on the surface of the tongue.

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Cefotetan (CTT, YM 09330) is a cefamycin-type antibiotic with an expanded spectrum and potent activity against gram-negative bacteria including β-lactamase producing registant strain.
Cefotetan was administered intravenously for 1 hour at a dosage of 2.0g. The concentration of Cefotetan in the serum, mandibula, maxilla and soft tissue was measured by the agar-well method 12 hours after administering. Concentrations of Cefotetan in the tissues was highest in the soft tissue, followed by maxilla, and mandibula. Concentrations of gram-negative bacteria, with the exception of Ps. aeruginosa, were found to exceed MIC.

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In this study, the author has analyzed cell population kinetics in oral squamous cell carcinoma from the distribution patterns of nuclear DNA and RNA contents in the lesion and pursued the relationship of the result with the clinicopathological findings and the effects of radiation and chemotherapeutic agents. The number of subject cases was 48 and the determination of nuclear DNA and RNA contents was made using DNA-RNA cytofluorometry with acridine orange fluorescence stain. The auther found the following:
1) DNA-RNA scattergrams (cytograms) made for the initial medical examination were divided into 4 types: type I had many cells with low RNA contents (that is, Go phase); type II had many cells going into cell cycle and had some cell populations belonging to different cell cycles; type i increased RNA content along with an increase in DNA content. The presence of a single cell population was also estimated; type Ilf, cell groups with abnormally high RNA contents in the 2C DNA range were seen in addition to the presence of the distribution seen and described in type III.
2) The clinical effect of external irradiation or the administration of Peplomycin was observed mainly in type III followed by type N. The cases with poor effect were seen often in type I. The cases in type II showed variance in the clinical effect.
3) In the cytograms made during the treatment, type I showed a relative abundance of cells at the G₀ phase even after the treatment. Type III and IV showed an early decrease in the cells at the G₀ phase and an increase in the cells with high contents of both DNA and RNA, that is, those at the G₂M phase or abortive mitotic cells. On the other hand, the cases with high clinical effects among type II underwent changes similar to those of type III and IV, and the cases with low effects tended to show no change in the cytogram even after the treatment or accumulation of the cells at the G₀ phase.
Thus, it was found that analysis of nuclear DNA and RNA contents in oral squamous cell carcinoma could clarify presence of the cells at the G₀ phase and some cell populations belonging to other cell cycles. In addition, analysis made it possible to determine cell population kinetics and was useful as an objective index for clinical sensitivity and evaluation.

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Recently, a number of antitumor agents have been found that inhibit growth and induce phenotypic reversion in certain malignant tumors.
Plant glycoside-ginsenoside is an antitumor chemical compound discovered by Dr. Odashima in 1979. This ginsenoside is producted Rh₁ and Rh₁, but despite their chemical similarities, their effects on tumor cells are remarkably different. In fundamental studies, insenoside Rh₂ is already refered to as having strong antitumor activities in certain malignant tumors.
In this study, antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rh₂ on a chemically induced salivary gland tumor in animals were investigated. Experimental method: Male dd-strain mice (2 month old) were used as the experimental subjects. To induce the formation of salivary gland tumors, 10% 20-methylcholanthrene in olive oil, which roughly amounts to 1.0mg/100g, was injected into the surgically exposed submaxillary gland of the mice. Those subject with induced, submaxillary gland tumors were divided into two groups, i.e., the control group and the ginsensoide administered group. In the latter group, two methods were used for administration of ginsenoside Rh₂. Ginsenoside Rh₂ in 40% ethanol, which roughly amounts to 1.0mg/100g, was injected subcutaneously and/or into the induced tumor. This administration was performed 2 to 3 times a week for a total of 10 times. At the conclusion of treatment, all mice in each group were scarified and the submaxillary gland tumors were histopathologically examined.
Experimental results: The ginsenoside administered group showed a considerably slow tumor growth compared with the control group. In general condition, the mice of the ginsenoside administered group showed a remarkable loss of body weight despite no observed decrease in food intake. According to histopathological findings, ginsenoside Rh₂ was effective in the epithelial and/or mesenchymal malignant tumor cells. Some nuclear swelling, pyknosis, cell degeneration and destructive cells in the cell nest of the tumors were observed.
In summary the authors were impressed with ginsenoside Rh₂'s antitumor effects.

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In contrast to odontogenic cysts, radicular cysts, which originate from an epithelium invasion of dental granulomas, are the most common cysts.
High animal collagenase and gelatinolytic activity was detected from human radicular cyst fluids and a 4 M urea extract of cyst wall tissues. Collagenase from radicular cysts and cyst fluids were partially purified by gel filtration. Each collagenase showed a molecular weight of 64, 000 and 66, 000.
Both collagenases from radicular cysts and cyst fluids were essentially in latent form and were most effectively activated by ρ-amino phenyl mercric acid (APMA).
Both collagenases from radicular cysts and cyst fluids were demonstrated to be a typical animal collagenase by the activation and inhibition studies and by analysis of degradation products of collagens.
Both APMA activated collagenases broke down type I collagen preferentially to type III collagen, suggesting that the enzymes might originate from polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

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The result of an investigation of the intelligibility of a hemiglossectomized patient with tongue cancer revealed that the lowest intelligibility level (13%) was estimated for /t/sound and the highest (100%) was estimated for /s/ sound of all phonemes produced using the anterior part of the tongue.
The correlation of compensatory movement for /t/ and /s/ were then analyzed utilizing synchronous high-speed 16 mm cinematography and dynamic palatography.
The results were summarized as follows:
1) The plosion to produce /t/ was produced by both lips and palatolingual contact in this case.
2) A fricative was made not only by palatolingual contact but also by a narrow space between both lips during utterance of /s/. Furthermore, the jaw movement seemed to support palatolingual contact.
3) It was suggested that the production of the compensatory articulation for a plosive sound was more difficult than for a fricative sound.

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Arthrography of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was introduced more than forty years ago, but did not become very popular, in Japan until recently. This is probably due to the fact that the arthrographic technique was considered to be difficult. Also at the time, we did not have any clear concept of treatment which was possible.
We use the X-ray TV system (fluoroscopy) for TMJ arthrography, and to determine the puncture point of the TMJ compartment to the hard tissue, such as fossa, and condyle. As a result, we can enforce the TMJ arthrography very easily.
TMJ arthrography provides a method for superior differentiation of TMJ afflications. Our technique is one way to produce information of great clinical significance.

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Hemangioma of the parotid region is rare. A case of the disease we recently experienced was reported and added to the literature. The patient was a 10-year-old boy who developed a swelling in the right parotid region. Total surgical removal was performed without recurrence for about three years after surgery. Pathological examination revealed the hemangioma to be of the racemose type.

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Sinus balloon technique for reduction of 27 malar bone fractures was utilized and good results were obtained. We reported the outlines of the technique.
The procedure was as follows:
1. The fracture line of zygomatico-frontal sutures was settled by φ0.6mm wire.
2. The fractured area was certified and the insertion of a Foley balloon catheter was performed using a vestibular approach. The balloon was inflated using 16-20 ml of normal saline solution. This procedure thus resulted in satisfactory reduction of the fractures. Operation time was approximately 1 hour.
3. The volume of normal saline solution was decreased a few ml at a time over 1 to 2 weeks. The balloon was then removed.
The Sinus balloon technique is a very useful treatment for malar bone fractures in view of simplifing the operation, shortening time, and reducing postoperative complications.

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Giantiform cementoma, a type of cementoma accorded to the WHO classifiction in 1971, is rarely seen in the literatures. A case of this tumor is reported with a summary as follows. A bony swelling as found on the body and ramus of the mandible of a refered 83-year-old woman. The smooth expansion covered with normal mucosa has persisted for about 40 yrs and slowly enlarged with no symptoms. In X-ray showed a demarcated radiopaque shadow with parts slightly radiolucent. The shadow seemed to be capsulated with healthy thin cortex. This was thought to be a benign tumor. A block dissection of the mandible was made. The dissected tumor was extremely hard with a yellowish cut-surface. The decarcified specimen was stained with H.E. for a subsequent microscopic examination.
Connective tissue and infiltrated cells were nearly absent. In the central portion, basophilic hard tissue had formed and seemed to be primary cementum in such characteristics as dyeing fatigue and split spaces with no inclusion of cells. At the peripheral, and coexistence of the bone, fibrous and fat tissues could be seen. Substitution of bone by cementum and formation of cemeticles showing hematoxylin-line were also observed. On the basis of the above findings, a diagnosis of giantiform cementoma of the mandible was made.

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The clinical study on 24 cases of gum carcinoma treated in our department from April 1982 to March 1986 was presented. Of the 24 cases, 3 cases were palliative, and 21 cases were surgically treated. Among the 21 surgical cases, radical neck dissection was performed in 18 cases and in 9 cases the lymph-nodes were proven positive.
The ratio of metastasis to neck lymph nodes was 3/8 (40%) from the maxilla, 5/6 (30%) from the mandible. The percentages of cases were neck dissection was performed, was 60% in the former, 80% in the latter. In the mandible, segmental and marginal resection was performed in 10 cases and 4 cases respectively.
It was concluded that an extra-oral approach to mandibular gum carcinoma requires neck dissection, especially modified neck dissection or supra-omohyoid neck dissection.

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A 41-year-old woman was referred by her dentist because of a tumor mass in the left maxilla which interfered with swallowing and speech. She first noticed a small and painless mass about 20 years ago.
Macroscopic examination showed a pedunculated tumor mass, the size of hen's egg, attached to the hard palate of the left maxillary molar region.
The radiographic examination revealed a densely radiopaque rim surrouding a central region showing a slightly ground glass-like pattern.
Histologically, the specimen consisted of a rim of compact bone enclosing a central area of cancellous bone. The marrow spaces contained the fatty or fibrous tissue.
The diagnosis was cancellous osteoma.

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Recently, a treatment with the allogenic bone marrow transplantation for leukemia and severe aplastic anemia has been attempted and a complete remission of these disease expected. A bone marrow transplantation is a treatment where a patient with bone marrow dysfunction undergoes a transplant of allogenic normal bone marrow. This transplanted bone marrow is expected as function as normal bone marrow. After a bone marrow transplantation, a graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) may develop because of an immunoreaction. Chronic GVHD may develop about 100 days after a bone marrow transplantation. Key findings of chronic GVHD are erythema, reticular pigmentation, scleroderma, liver dysfunction, oral mucosa' symptom and Sicca syndrome. Oral symptoms of chronic GVHD arc (1) lichenoid keratosis of buccal mucosa, gingiva, tongue and lingual mucosa, and, (2) minor sialadenitis.
Out of the 27 patients who underwent bone marrow transplants from November 1981 to March 1984 by the bone marrow transplantation group of the Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital eight patients who were suspected of chronic GVHD clinically were biopsied of the 8, five patients were histologically diagnosed as chronic GVHD. Six cases had minor salivary glands were detected, and for cases were diagnosed as sialadenitis.

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Virchow observed a unique disorder stained with iodine.He believed that it had a certain similarity to cellulose, and named the material “amyloid”.With the recent progress in delineating the chemical composition of various amyloid proteins, a more exact clinico-immunological classification is now possible.
This is a case of secondary amyloidosis whose chief complaint was submucosal hemorrage and swelling resulted from self-inflicted trauma during mastication. A biopsy taken from the lateral border of the tongue was stained with H. E., PAS and Congo red.The Congo red stained sections were viewed in the polarizing microscope and a unique green birefringence was observed.This is a simple and useful procedure for establishing the presence of amyloid

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Lag screw osteosynthesis is now performed in cases of an oblique fracture of the mandible divided buccal and lingual fragments.
Our 7 cases of mandibular oblique fractures were treated using the lag screw method. This article discusses the adaptation of this method.
An oblique fracture of the mandibular angle was shown in 4 cases, mandibular body in 2 cases and mental region in 1 case.
Osteosynthesis using 3 screws was performed to 2 cases of oblique fracture in the mandibular body and angle region. The other two cases of mandibular angle fracture were treated using 2 screws and a 2-hole-DC plate. A last case of mandibular angle fracture had only two screws with the rigid intermaxillary fixation for two weeks. The case with mental fractures was treated using with a rigid teeth arch-bar and a screws. The last case had one screw and a 6-hole-EDC plate.
The following results come from analysis of the post-operative courses of our 7 cases.
1. Three screws must be settled on the fracture surface area in a broad triangle.
2. In cases with a narrow fracture sufrace area, a good post-operative course can be expected if a adaptation of screw and plate is used.
3. Case with narrow fracture surface area in the post moral region must be settled by use of a couple of screw combined a 2-hole-DC plate on alveolus.
4. Case with narrow fracture surface area in the dental arch must be set by use of a couple of screw with rigid teeth arch-bar.

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A case of T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) present in a gingival ulcer is reported.
A 59 year old man was first seen at our clinic on May 24, 1985. The chief complaint was a gingival ulcer after tooth extraction.
WBC was 17, 200/mm³ with 88% lymphoid cells. Bone marrow analysis showed 71.6% lymphoid cells. Lymphoid cells did not have convoluted nuclei typical in ATL and had surface markers of OKT 3+, OKT 4-, OKT 8+, OKT 11+, B 3/25-, Tac-. Cytochemical analysis of these lymphoid cell revealed negative peroxidase, negative esterase, negative acid phosphatase. The cells also lacked natural killer function and blast formation activity stimulated by PHA. The patient had negative anti-ATLA antibodies.
Biopsy of the gingival lesion and the cervical lymph node showed infiltration of leukemic cells which also had the surface markers of OKT 4-, and OKT 8+.
The gingival lesion grew in a deep ulcer with severe bleeding from the mandibular canal. Chemotherapy combined with cyclophosphamide and predonisolone proved effective and the oral lesion was soon reduced.
Maintenance chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vindesine and OK-432 has been continued and he is still under remission

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Two cases of static bone cavity are reported in this paper along with a review of the literature. Two men, one aged 51 and the other 44 years, visited our hospital each for an examination of a well-demarcated monolocular radiolucent half-dome formed lesion, located below the inferior dental canal between the mandibular angle and the first retromolar. In both cases, the lesion was found during dental treatment. The radiographic findings of these lesions indicated static bone cavity. As the cavity was diagnosed a static bone cavity, surgical intervention was not warranted. However, as the lesion may be a tumor, careful observation was recommended to prevent misdiagnosis with tumor.

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Supernumerary teeth are seen frequently, however the true, deciduous ones, are very rare. The patient was a male, aged 4. The supernumerary teeth occured between A and B Morphologically, it was found to be similar to the upper lateral deciduous incisor. A radiographic examination showed no succedaneous permanent tooth under one of the supernumerary teeth.

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An aneurysmal bone cyst occurring in the mandible of a 17-year-old girl was reported. Bone expansion was noted in the mandibular body and the exploratory aspiration yealded serosanguineous fluid. Radiographic examination revealed ill-defined round radiolucent area in periapical region of the molars. Under local anesthesia the lesion was enucleated and curetted. The gross specimen consisted of reddish brown soft tissue which periphery became gritty and merged with the underlying bony tissue. The margin of the lesion was not clearly defined. Histopathologically, many giant cells were seen in the central fibrous tissue, as well as internal bleeding and deposit of hemosiderin. Bone formation and the bloodfilling space were noted in periphery of the lesion. On the basis of the exploratory aspiration and the histologic examination, final diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst was made. The patient has been followed one year and five months after the operation without evidence of recurrence.

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Three cases of foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus are presented. These were, part of a dental instrument (carbide bur), fragments of a broken front glass, and teeth.
Case 1: 28-year-old woman. Patient complained of pain and nasal obstruction after extraction of the tooth (7).
Case 2: 21-year-old man. Patient suffered a fracture of the maxillary bone by the traffic accident.
Case 3: 28-year-old man. Patient was dealt a hard blow in the face by a golf club.

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A case report is made of a hemangioma occuring in the parotid gland of 67-year-old woman. Patient complained of a gradually increasing swelling in the preauricular area. She was referred by her dentist. Paralysis of the facial nerve was not observed. In the radiographic examination. The posterior edge of the ascending ramus was found to be absorbed. Salivary imaging by means of ^99mTc scintigraphy showed a cold lesion in the parotid gland. ⁶⁷Ga scintigraphy showed normal appearance. Sialography of the parotid gland revealed typical ball-in-hand appearance. From these findings, a clinical diagnosis of benign salivaly gland tumor was made. The tumor was removed by total parotidectomy with all branches of the facial erve reserved. The tumor was present in the deep portion of the gland the histopathological diagnosis was cavernous hemangioma. Facial paralysis was observed postoperatively but disappeared within six months. Recurrence has not been observed over the past two years.

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The authors examined the efficacy of afloqualone (Arofuto^®) a centrally acting muscle reluctant, on the neuromuscular system of mastication, by monitoring the magnitude of biting force exerted from a tonic vibration reflex of the masticatory muscles, particularly the masseter. The reflex was evoked by a mechanical vibration given to the muscle. Afloqualone (40mg) was orally administered to 10 healthy adult volunteers for this examination.
The mean magnitude of the biting force was significantly reduced from 7.2kg before administration, to 5.0, 3.5 and 5.4kg at 30, 60 and 120 minutes, respectively, after the administration (P<0.01). This result seems to indicate that the use of afloqualone may be of value to patients in acute myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome.

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