We describe a rare patient with mandibular gingival cancer in whom a pseudoaneurysm of the maxillary artery developed after segmental mandibular resection, including the region from the floor of the mouth to the pharynx, and neck dissection, followed by reconstruction using a metal plate and a rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. A mass measuring 35×25×20 mm was detected at the inner side of the reconstruction plate on postoperative contrast-enhanced CT, and angiography was immediately performed to confirm that it was a pseudoaneurysm. The aneurysm was located in the maxillary artery and was treated by coil embolization. Pseudoaneurysms occurring in the head and neck region, which usually develop secondary to acute neck injury, are rare, and few cases of pseudoaneurysm involving the external carotid artery have been reported. However, the mortality rate associated with carotid artery aneurysms is estimated to be as high as 30%, and early imaging diagnosis and treatment are therefore important for preventing fatal complications.
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