The purpose of this paper is to identify the principles of organizational processes for communities. Platform is a system that creates value by redefining relationships and connections within/among communities. In this study, I analyzed its constructive method by using S-D logic. First, three elements; conceptual, technical, and human skills, are discussed as necessary requirements. Next, reciprocity, i.e., mutually-beneficial relationship, is examined as a secondary requirement. In conclusion, creating mutually beneficial relationships for the purpose of achieving social and economical integration is the key to a sustainable community organization.

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In this study, characteristics of a predominant research framework on which many consumer inference researches have been based were reviewed, and problems of the research framework and future research directions were examined through contrast of characteristics of consumer inference that have been studied in the prior research framework and those of real consumer inference pictured by protocol data. As a result, it became clear that this prior framework has considered consumer inference as an information processing based only on characteristic attribute dimension. Also, in this framework, important information processing (such as selection of inferred attributes and formation of schema about inter-attribute relationships) has been regarded as ad hoc assumptions which are set by researchers. By reason of these characteristics, consumer inference examined in the framework has been excessive controlled inference making. To study creative aspects of consumer inference, extension of the concept, research area, and research methodologies on consumer inference must be made.

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This paper explores the implications of paperless office environments in medical association offices and the realities organizations face in their attempts to go paperless. We carried out a survey on how to go paperless in medical association office with the support of Japan Medical Association, in December 2009. In this research, the approaches on paperless of medical association offices in Japan are analyzed. As a result, about 48% of medical association offices are going paperless on holding an executive meeting.

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In the electronics product in recent years, the product by “Potluck innovation” that combined existing technologies buried in not “technological innovation” where consumer's needs were achieved by its own innovative technology but a different industry, did the product development in management, and created consumer's potential needs appeared. When the product architecture is considered, the feature “Design-integral Manufacturing-modular” is seen. The main, existing technology that composed the product was not obtained by dealings with the horizontal, vertical related industry. It was adopted according to the timing before it entered the spread stage from non-dependent business of a different type of business. When the product is developed from these consideration, it proposes the meaning of the “Potluck innovation” that doesn't need the large investment.

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In October 2002, “The Regenerative Program for the Banking System” was released. The program showed the way of correcting bad credits and promoting the turnaround of financial institutions. However, credit associations, whose character is different from that of city banks, needed the original program of their own. So in March 2003, Financial Services Agency released a report entitled “To Strengthen the Function of Relationship-Banking.” This time, our paper features the support for improving management that credit associations are giving to their customers according to the report. It also features the financial tendency of small manufacturers who are trying hard in a difficult situation caused by an economic depression, the collapse of credit, the strict realities in overseas production.

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To accomplish organizational learning, although the processes of organizational learning need to progress from the individual to the group to the organizational levels, discontinuities arise in the processes, and thereby the processes of organizational learning are frequently interrupted. Thus, this paper analyzes the causes that the organizational learning do not develop into the whole organization in terms of time orientation that differences occur between the departments or the hierarchies, and furthermore examine a way toward getting over the barriers to organizational learning from the perspective of organizational design.

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Harima area, Hyogo Prefecture in the local industry, are concentrated in this region are mostly fishhook manufacturer in Japan. Harima also share in the national accounts for about 90 percent, and exports about 80 countries worldwide. These industry-specific integrated hook is also something rare in the world without precedent. What was the formation of industrial clusters, so why such unusual. This paper explores the sources of competitive advantage in producing both to clarify the structure of this Harima hook.

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Reduced environmental impact, especially carbon dioxide emissions, the company has a strong demand. However, the degree of corporate commitment is a big difference. Escape from this situation, to promote effective environmental measures many companies need to strategically address the situation and understand the impact of initiatives. In this study, it focused on the environmental report as a resource for understanding the status and effectiveness initiatives. Then, extract and analyze information related to Green Logistics from environmental reports, examined methods for assessing the efforts of Green Logistics.

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In order to provide proper health-medical-welfare services effectively and efficiently for local residents, it is significant to establish and manage the community comprehensive health care system. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the present condition and progress situation of the community comprehensive health care system, and keep improving it for establishing and managing it very well. In Aomori prefecture, the questionnaire survey about the community comprehensive health care system for the municipalities was conducted. From the results of this survey, this paper discussed consciousness and condition about the community comprehensive health care system in Aomori prefecture. Especially, this paper analyzed the community comprehensive health care system by municipal scale: city; town; and village.

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Many marketing researchers have recently addressed the role of customers in value co-creation. In Service-dominant-Logic, which was proposed by Stephen Vargo and Robert Lusch, the role of customers is extended from the being value receivers to the becoming value creators. In this paper, in the context of management diagnosis, the author theoretically and conceptually examines the new role of consumers as value creators. The author proposes that multiplicity of value concepts, the value-formation process, and customer commitment are important for management diagnosis.

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The more diverse changes are accelerating, the more uncertainty is increasing in the social and economical contexts at present and therefore it seems that there is an increasing weight in corporate philosophy which companies should stand by. The author has provided for four companies with advisory service as of corporate philosophy from 2005 to 2009. Corporate philosophy penetration was especially focused on in the engagements. The thesis argues what element might be the key points in the initiatives that the companies have taken throughout the stages from formulation of corporate philosophy through penetration. It discovers as a result that it is important for them to “re-meaning” themselves through inquiry and reflecting themselves at each three stage of principle planning, on-site practice, and milestones. “Re-meaning”their experiences polished the corporate philosophy and revitalized the company. Although implementation of management principle was the main objective itself, it was utilized as an effective tool to improve management strategy as well. The process was shared company-wide, and thereby there appeared a faint outline of a path of management penetration.

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In many manufacturing plants production management systems are not performed well even if expensive computer aided systems are utilized there. The paper proposes an idea which is available to enhance a performance of production management system. The idea is to install a coordination function into the production management system which adjusts activities of di\u0000fb00erent functional departments related with the production management. A practical procedure to improve the production management system is discussed.

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It has been pointed out by many influential analysts that today's engineering education does not meet the rapid social changes. Each country is making various efforts to match the engineering education to the social changes so that they can win the global competition, and they attach importance to the strength of technology which will greatly contribute to economic development. This study discusses the contents of education that will effectively give the nature of entrepreneurs and managers to the engineers who do not have enough knowledge about economics and management within a short term by combining indoor lectures and field studies. A hypothesis is offered that the combination of management literacy education and entrepreneur education will increase the effectiveness of education, and this hypothesis is verified by a questionnaire surveys.

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Many corporations have been reevaluating CSR activities since global recession in 2008. Especially, social contribution activities for local society (SCALS) which have weak relation with corporation's business face difficulty in term of survive. This paper introduces two analytical frameworks which were determined in previous studies, and shows the analysis result from three perspectives regarding the characteristics and expanding opportunity on SCALS executed by local companies, by utilizing the two frameworks. The analysis was carried out by comparing 232 SCALS executed by 44 local companies with a pilot study result, which investigated 82 SCALS executed by 13 benchmark companies which operate global/nationwide business. In conclusion, the analysis result indicated that the relation between each corporation's own business and SCALS which were executed by local companies was stronger than that between each corporation's own business and SCALS which were executed by the benchmark companies. And, the analysis result suggested that the increasing opportunity and the expanding opportunity to other industries were confirmed in local companies' SCALS which have strong relation with corporation's own business.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perception toward Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among Japanese, Vietnamese and Chinese university students. We conducts the questionnaire survey similar to Kato (2008). The results show that the perception toward CSR is almost different among three countries. A comprehensive study using a much larger sample remains for the future research.

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The heat island phenomenon is severer for urban people according to global warming and urbanization in recent years. Especially, in the center part in the city, the vehicle exhaust emission discharge by a large amount of inflow of cars and heat rejection by the air conditioner of buildings, etc. cause further temperature rise and it produces an extremely unpleasant environment for people who walk in the town. In this study, we propose to provide function of micro mist spraying for transportation, for example, the bus and to spray the mist intensively on the center part and main streets. It offers a comfortable city life environment for the pedestrian. Through the introduction of this system, the temperature rise in the center part in the city is expected to be reduced by a comparatively easy method.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a model that can sustainably revitalize communities by studying the case of the local specialties of Otsuki City named “Otsuke Dango”. Therefore, I have started from organizing the success factors of regional revitalization by food, using the activities of “Fujinomiya fried noodles” and “Atsugi Shirokoro Hormone”, which have won the championship of Class-B Gourmet Contest, as references. And, I verify local specialties of Otsuki City from the participation result of the Class-B Gourmet Contest on the assumption of the success factor.From the validation result, I present the model related to building a regional brand based on slow food that can revitalize Otsuki City.

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In June of 2005, the long-term care insurance system was reviewed and was changed to a system to emphasize long-term care prevention. The Community General Support Center was founded to take charge of this system. The Community General Support Center is expected to comprehensively support the improvement of health care and welfare, and is demanded to build a comprehensive and continuous care system in the community. But it is said that there is a difference between communities, in the effort to build the system. In this study, we made a hypothesis that the cause of this difference is the oppression of care management service. And from this hypothesis, we paid attention to the procedure of care management service, and analyze and examine about the service time and the number of services of the 5 services included in the care management service. In addition, we will suggest the care management system procedures in the future.

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For local management strategies that focus on the future of the local area, the viewpoint of business field and local area has been emphasized in local operations. In addition to these the management must have a perspective of function that is fundamental for business management. Regarding the function of local management (in the broad sense of the term management), there are four functions, management (in the narrow sense), activity, marketing and accounting. For a wide perspective consulting of local management, these three viewpoints have to be considered in their entirety.

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Population, population growth and taxable income amount have traditionally been used as the outcome in local management. However, in the era of population decline, a sustainable development is required for the local area development, and we need to focus on the affluence and enjoyment of life. Therefore, it is important for the outcome of local management to set the local customer satisfaction and the local customer value as the fundamental indicator. When analyzing the results from the attitude survey done in two different cities, we found that, in the local management which uses the local customer satisfaction and the local customer value, historical analysis is essential and is also valuable for the understanding of the local arae structure. Thus we can say that the local customer satisfaction and the local customer value are highly effective for the future local management.

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This paper discusses about the relation between brand recognition and quality perception of the Kobe cake products. Kobe confectioneries are finding a suitable location in the Kobe area where is famous as the bone place of Japanese cake industry. Then, Kobe in confectionary brand is recognized and how local consumers, whether it is conscious. Survey was conducted in the Kansai area residents about this. As a result, recognition of the main confectionery brand exceeds 80%, and there is a strong correlation between the recognition of the brand and a purchasing rate. Consumption characteristics of the region, brand rather than taste tend to focus on frills.

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In a globalized economy there is a severe competition between companies. In this situation the necessity for taking measures to reduce costs arises. In traditional costing there is a problem with distribution of overhead costs. Explaining the model of P. B. B. Turney, which evaluate activities by cost pools and cost drivers and also mentioning the research of J. A. Brimson that include non-added value into evaluation, I discuss activity-based costing that calculate exact costs. Correct evaluation of activities helps the right decision making. Particularly elimination of non-added value and decrease in cost driver rate increase price competitiveness of product costs.

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This study investigates between relationship market orientation and customer relationship management. In marketing or strategic management, market orientation and customer relationship management are important factor for company success. But there are few studies to investigate this relationship. Focused on retailing, this study shows that there are positive relationships between market orientation—intelligence generation, intelligence dissemination, and responsiveness and customer relationship management—customer identification, customer focus, customer data, and employee education.

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Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises went through the 1^st and the 2^nd “big development” and completed a mushroom growth. At the end of 2007, the quantity of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises became to 42 million (almost private sectors). It represents more than 99% of Chinese enterprises. The products and service value which made by small and medium-sized enterprises is in a majority of Chinese GDP. The function of small and medium-sized enterprises became more considerable as the publication of “SME Promotion Law” in 2002. While the developments of small and medium-sized enterprises are remarkable, they still have many problems. Comparing to big enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises are in a disadvantageous position of marketing, finance, technology and human resources. I pay attention to the “fund-raising problems” in Chinese private sectors, carrying out a scrupulous theoretical study and preceding study. Then I confirmed the present condition of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises on the base of a case study. After explaining the theory of the selection of fundraising system for an enterprise, I enumerated and analyzed many scholars' theories. My purpose is to clarify “fund-raising problems” title in Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises thoroughly.

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This study examines consumer perspective for traditional products. Camellia oil was selected as the case. Recently, brand strategy and experience value are particular interest to marketers. However, a traditional product covered in this stud y (camellia oil) has not seen such a strategy. So, this study was conducted to search consumer perspective for camellia oil.

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Due to the advance of life science, pharmaceutical R&D process shifted targets from low-molecular medicines to biotechnology-based medicines. As a result, pharmaceutical firms became unable to utilize their accumulated knowledge or technology, and have no choice but to develop new medicines by introducing external resources. However, the dependence on external resources produces the risk of being controlled by another organization, from the viewpoint of the resource dependence theory, and so it is considered important to minimize external resources and take more efficient strategies.
This paper is focused on the network for technological transfer among pharmaceutical and bio venture companies, from the viewpoint of pharmaceutical companies, analyze and compare the network structure, and discusses effective strategic partnerships for the development of medicines.

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The purpose of this research is to analysis the barriers of Implementing the technique of parts sharing. I review three previous researches of the technique of parts sharing, arrangement of engineering BoM, concept of the production line, the production cost down. Based on these researches, I analyze the barriers of Implementing the technique of parts sharing, and study conducts.

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This article aims to add consideration of the concept and the perspective of the alliance, and integration is tried. Specifically, first, the definition and the kind of the alliance are clarified. Second, the perspective as the motive of the alliance is considered. Here, it is central to break the perspective that has been discussed in the past down into patterns. Third, alliance advantage and disadvantage are clarified. Through the work of this, I take a big picture of the alliance, and I contribute to the experimental study on the future.

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