Fish Pathology
Online ISSN : 1881-7335
Print ISSN : 0388-788X
ISSN-L : 0388-788X
Volume 38, Issue 1
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
  • Christopher Marlowe Caipang, Ikuo Hirono, Takashi Aoki
    2003 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
    Published: March 20, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A novel real-time PCR detection and quantification method for the red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) was developed using the major capsid protein (MCP) gene. A linear relationship was observed between the amount of input DNA and the threshold cycle (CT) values over a range of 1 to 109 viral copies. The real-time PCR was 2 orders of magnitude more sensitive than the conventional PCR. It was also shown to be specific to RSIV, i.e., it did not react with either hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) or a DNA sample from apparently healthy red seabream Pagrus major. The viral load of dead juvenile red seabream (1 g average body weight) experimentally challenged with RSIV was in the range of 2.4 × 105 - 5.4 × 107 MCP gene copy number. To determine the target tissues of RSIV in the infected fish, 2 red seabream with average body weight of 50 g were experimentally challenged with RSIV and DNA was extracted from the various tissues and organs at 3rd day post-infection. Highest viral load was obtained in the heart with a mean MCP gene copy number of 2.7 × 105, while the blood had the lowest viral load at 8.8 × 103 mean MCP gene copy number. After the viral challenge, the real-time PCR assay was still able to detect RSIV from vaccinated survivors, which otherwise tested negative for RSIV by conventional PCR.
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  • Chihaya Nakayasu, Nobuyuki Tsutsumi, Tomoyasu Yoshitomi, Tomoyoshi Yos ...
    2003 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 9-14
    Published: March 20, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Leucocyte types involved in tne cellular response of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus against the monogenean Neoheterobothrium hirame were identified. With electron microscopy, peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of Japanese flounder could be classified into four types : lymphocytes, thrombocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. Granulocytes were positive for acid phosphatase and peroxidase activities, and stained with Sudan black B. In fish infected with N. hirame, the ratios of granulocytes and monocytes significantly increased in the PBL composition. Infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes, and cells having large electron-dense granules (DGC) was observed in the infection sites. These cells were often observed adhering to the tegument of N. hirame. Monocytes/macrophages showed particularly higher adherent ability to N. hirame than the other leucocytes under in vitro and in vivo conditions. We conclude that monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes and DGC are major effector cells in the defense of the flounder against N. hirame.
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  • Rolando Pakingking Jr., Ryoko Takano, Toyohiko Nishizawa, Koh-ichiro M ...
    2003 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 15-21
    Published: March 20, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, farmed or wild, are ofoen infected with aquabirnavirus (ABV) but the virus does not usually exhibit pathogenicity to the fish under usual experimental conditions. The present study investigated the experimental coinfection in flounder with ABV and three flounder pathogens, i.e. viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae. When young flounder were injected with ABV (106.5 TCID50/fish) and subsequently (1 week later) injected with VHSV (106.7 or 104.7 TCID50/fish), higher survival rates were obtained in these flounder compared with those in fish infected with VHSV alone. In contrast, higher mortalities occurred in the flounder dually injected with ABV (106.8 TCID50/fish) and E. tarda (1.4 × 101 CFU/fish) or S. iniae (1.7 × 102 CFU/fish) at a 1 week-interval than those in fish infected with bacteria alone. These results indicate that the primary ABV infection in flounder suppresses the secondary viral infection but facilitates the secondary bacterial infections.
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  • Mitsuru Furihata, Akira Hosoe, Kaoru Takei, Masakazu Kohara, Jun Nakam ...
    2003 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 23-25
    Published: March 20, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    From February 2000 to January 2001, epizootics occurred in cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss weighing 12 - 1, 503 g at 18 fish farms in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. A virus was isolated from diseased fish in RTG-2 cells with a CPE characterized by syncytia. High infectivity titers were demonstrated in the main internal organs and multiple necrotic foci were observed in the liver. The virus was identified as salmonid herpesvirus 2 by serological tests and PCR. Based on these results, the epizootic was diagnosed as salmonid herpesviral disease. In more than 80% cases, the outbreaks were linked with introductions of live fish.
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  • David J. Speare, Joanne Daley
    2003 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 27-28
    Published: March 20, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effectiveness of vaccines made of viable spores of two strains of Loma salmonae (Microspora) delivered orally to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis was evaluated under experimental conditions of re-challenge. Whereas prior exposure to either of two strains of L. salmonae led to marked resistance of rainbow trout to a second challenge, brook trout failed to mount an effective protective response.
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