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Volume 40, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Shuji Aoshima, Yasuharu Ishitaka, Nobuaki Okamoto2005 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 47-51
Published: June 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we examined the effect of temperature shock on non-specific defense responses and disease resistance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Water temperature was changed from 10°Cto 23°Cin 24h, maintained at 23°Cfor 7 days, and again decreased to 10°C in 1h. Percentage of phagocytosing phagocytes, NBT reduction activity, potential killing activity and plasma bacteriolysis activity were measured before, during and after the temperature changes. Just before the temperature was decreased to 10°C, fish were challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. Exposure to the temperature stress significantly increased mortality caused by vibriosis, but the percentage of phagocytosing phagocytes and potential killing activity significantly increased. The present data shows that increased non-specific defense responses in vitro do not always reflect increased disease resistance.View full abstractDownload PDF (747K) -
Mark A. Adkison, Oren Gilad, Ronald P. Hedrick2005 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 53-62
Published: June 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)detected the presence of anti-koi herpesvirus(KHV)antibodies in the serum of koi or colored carp(Cyprinus carpio)following either natural or experimental exposures to KHV.Concentrations of anti-KHV antibodies were detected at serum dilutions as great as 1:62, 500 in a population of koi kept in virus-free water for 1 year following a naturally occurring outbreak due to KHV.At serum dilutions less than 1:2, 500 cross reactions with a second herpes-like viral agent Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) was detected in serum from both experimentally and naturally KHV exposed koi. Passive immunization by administration of anti-KHV antibodies from koi recovered from previous virus infections to naive koi provided only partial and transient protection to waterborne challenges with KHV. Koi that maintained high levels of serum anti-KHV antibodies after 1 year in virus-free water are deemed as suspect carriers of the virus. The identification of suspect carriers by screening of koi and common carp populations, including potential broodstocks, with the KHV ELISA should improve the ability to control this important viral pathogen.View full abstractDownload PDF (3881K) -
Ryuhei Kinami, Junko Miyamoto, Tomoyoshi Yoshinaga, Kazuo Ogawa, Yoshi ...2005 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 63-66
Published: June 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA practical method to distinguish two pathogenic monogeneans of fish, Neobenedenia girellae and Benedenia seriolae, is described.N. girellae and B. seriolae were obtained from experimentally infected olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, respectively, by freshwater bathing and fixed in 10% formalin. The two species were found to have a different shape at the anterior end in the midline of the body and are clearly distinguishable by this difference. Using this method, the ratio of these two parasite species was monitored in greater amberjack Seriola dumerili cultured in net cages at Amami-Oshima Island for one year. A seasonal shift of abundance between the two species was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (4335K) -
Takashi Kamaishi, Yutaka Fukuda, Masaru Nishiyama, Hidemasa Kawakami, ...2005 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 67-71
Published: June 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacteriological examination was conducted on the disease of cultured marine fish, three-line grunt Parapristipoma trilineatum (Japanese common name: isaki). The affected fish characteristically showed white spots of granulomas containing an intracellular bacterium in the kidney and spleen. Total DNA was extracted from the kidney of the diseased fish. The coding region of small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rDNA) of eubacteria was amplified from the DNA by PCR, and nucleotide sequence was determined. The sequenced 16S rDNA revealed high similarity (97.3-98.5%) to those of Francisella species. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, the closest relative organism was revealed to be Francisella philomiragia. A bacterium was isolated from the spleen of one affected fish using cystine heart agar medium with 1% hemoglobin. The 16S rDNA sequence of the isolated bacterium was consistent with that determined from the kidney tissue of the affected fish. An experimental infection with the isolate exhibited the same disease signs in the injected fish, and the bacterium was reisolated from these fish. These results demonstrate that the intracellular bacterium is pathogenic and is identified to the genus Francisella This is the first report of pathogenic Francisella from marine fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (2911K) -
Hiroaki Naka, Ikuo Hirono, Takashi Aoki2005 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 73-79
Published: June 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere is some evidence that the virulence of some pathogenic bacteria is related to their iron uptake system. To better understand this system, three genes involved in iron uptake of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (tonB1, tonB2 and iron uptake regulator or fur) were cloned from a genomic library and sequenced. The amino acid sequence identities of tonB1 and tonB2 with the corresponding sequences of Vibrio spp. range from 32.4 to 39.5% and from 43.6 to 50.5%, respectively. The amino acid sequence identities of fur with the corresponding sequences of other Vibrio spp. are over 85%. We were able to construct a fur gene knock-out mutant using the marker exchange method. Using this knock-out mutant, we showed that tonB1, but not tonB2, is regulated by fur in P. damselae subsp. piscicida . The fur gene is also important for iron regulation since it has an influence on the expression of the heme receptor gene, hutA . The fur gene knock-out mutant generated in this study will be helpful in future studies of determining the role of iron in P. damselae subsp. piscicida pathogenesis and virulence.View full abstractDownload PDF (2894K) -
Masayuki Miura, Heisuke Oono, Nana Tuchida, Kishio Hatai, Toru Kiryu2005 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 81-86
Published: June 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antifungal efficacy of copper fiber against water mold infection in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs was evaluated by the percentage of eggs with fungal infection. Copper fiber was put into the upstream of an egg breeding tank and rainbow trout eggs were soaked into the downstream of the same tank.Water mold infection in eggs was lower in the groups with copper fiber set in the water than that in the control group. Effects of copper on the embryonic devebpment of the eggs were also examined for two weeks with the copper fiber soaked in the water.The concentration within the range from 0.006 to 0.020 ppmd id not showed apparently adverse effects on the rate of eyed eggs or, after transferring eggs in the water without copper, on the rates of hatching or deformity. The solution prepared from copper nitrate reagent prevented the zoospore germination of Saprolegnia diclina at the concentration of 0.006 ppm in vitro.View full abstractDownload PDF (816K)
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