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Ryo MORITA, Fumio INADA, Michitsugu MORI, Kenichi TEZUKA, Yohinobu TSU ...
Article type: Article
Pages
295-296
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A steam control valve causes vibration of the piping when the opening is in the middle condition. For the rationalization of maintenance and management in the plant, the cause of vibration should be clarified and the valve should be improved. To clarify this phenomenon, small-scale air experiment and CFD calculation are done. At only the middle opening condition, a circumferentially propagating spike-type pressure fluctuation caused by asymmetric flow around valve can be seen. As this fluctuation causes cyclic side load on the valve body, it is thought to be the cause of vibration.
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Nagara WAKITA, Masahiro WATANABE, Takumi TAKAHASHI, Nobuyuki KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
Pages
297-298
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with theoretical stability analysis and experimental study of flow-induced vibration of a flexible disk subjected to swirling fluid flow in a confined fluid. In the theoretical stability analysis, the basic equations of the swirling fluid flow around the flexible disk are based on the Navier-Stokes equations. The structural equation of the flexible disk is based on the Kirchhoff-Love's plate model. As a result, it is clarified that the flexible disk subjected to swirling fluid flow undertakes flow-induced vibration. The critical rotational speed at which the unstable vibration occurs and vibration modes are clarified theoretically and experimentally.
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Yoshikuni UMEDA, Ryuji ISHII
Article type: Article
Pages
299-300
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The generation mechanism of the screech tone in the helical oscillation mode is investigated using a series of instantaneous schlieren photographs. From the photographs, six evanescent sound sources are observed as prominent points along the jet axis. These sound sources move along circular orbits in the planes perpendicular to the jet axis just downstream of the rear edges of each shock cell. The speed of moving sound sources is supersonic and the moving Mach cones generated behind the moving sound sources form the helical-shaped wave front of the screech tone. Existence of the moving Mach cones about the jet axis was confirmed by comparing schlieren photographs and drawings of the envelopes of the moving Mach cones. The helical vortical structure appears to overlap on the envelopes of the moving Mach cones.
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Kunisato SETO, Islam Khan Tawhidul, Zhi Xiang XU
Article type: Article
Pages
301-302
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Acoustic emission from an under-expanded supersonic jet has a spectrum that contains remarkable discrete tones which is called jet screech. Though a lot of researches have been carried out concerning the mechanism of jet screech, still many questions about some issues such as discontinuous jump of screech frequency, amplitude prediction of screech tone and source location of jet screech remain unsolved. For a physical understanding of jet screech mechanism and role of shock waves in generation jet screech, a kind of resonance system has been introduced and the mechanism of jet screech has been explained by the sound -disturbance resonance model.
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Keiichi SHIRONO, Masami NAKANO
Article type: Article
Pages
303-304
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The shear layer of two-dimensional air jet impinging on a plate with a rectangular hole under the condition of a self-sustained oscillation is subjected to pure-tone acoustic excitation at the exit, and the unsteady jet response is characterized in terms of the excitation frequency and the excitation voltage. A locked-in response at excitation frequency (fe) or 1/n (n=1∿12) oscillation of a self-sustained frequency (fo) appears. A sound pressure level (SPL) has the minimum at fe/fo=0.54 and 0.9 in 2 Volts of excitation voltage, and in those cases the component fo of SPL spectrum decreases.
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Masaaki ARAI, Tsuneaki ISHIMA, Mikiya ARAKI, Seiichi SHIGA, Hisao NAKA ...
Article type: Article
Pages
305-306
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Effects of side jets on SPL (Sound Pressure Level) of screech radiated from a supersonic jet were investigated experimentally. Mach numbers of the supersonic jet were 1.21 and 1.34 where the pressure ratio between total and atmospheric pressure were 2.5 and 2.9,respectively. Schilieren flow visualization, measurement of total pressure by means of pitot tube and measurement of SPL by pressure sensor were conducted. It is shown that SPL of screech was reduced by 20dB, and at that time, loss of the total pressure was within 1%. Therefore, it is shown that the method of side jets is effective for screech reduction.
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Kiyotaka KOBAYASHI, Dai TATEISHI, Tomonobu GOTO, Masaharu NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
307-308
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Pile-fabrics are known to be usefull for reducing aerodynamic noise. But it is not clear which parameter of pile-fabrics have large correlation with the amount of noise reduction. Is this paper, simple experiments were performed, in order to examine which kinds of pile-fabrics are effective for reducing aerodynamic sound radiation. A pipe with and without pile-fabrics was set at the nozzle exit of a quiet wind tunnel and measured radiated sound. Several kinds of parameters of pile-fabrics were measured and the correlation between every parameter and the noise reduction was examined. As the result, it became clear that some length of fibers is necessary for reducing aerodynamic noise and twined pile-fabrics are effective.
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Hiroyuki KAWATA, Takahiro YASUDA, Yasunari TAKANO
Article type: Article
Pages
309-310
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Finite difference model is proposed to predict acoustics induced by vortex in the wake of a body located in free stream. Flowfield generated around the body is calculated by applying a conventional scheme for incompressible fluid such as MAC scheme. Hyperbolic differential equations which are equivalent to Lighthill wave equation of the acoustic analogy are calculated to simulate aeroacoustic field generated from flow in the wake.
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Toshifumi KUDO, Kouji TANAKA, Tsutomu YAMAGUCHI, Masaharu NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
311-312
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A wind tunnel is generally known as a test facility to measure flow property around an automobile, a model of train or so on. On the other hand, recently, measurement of aero-acoustic feature of them is going to be necessary. These measurements are not performed in a same wind tunnel, because the aero-acoustic measurement is only performed in the open wind tunnel and is not done in the closed wind tunnel, which is conventionally used for the flow property measurement. So, this paper describes a unique technique of acoustic measurement with a closed wind tunnel using "acoustic trough". It is made of some specially treated walls, which are consisted of a perforated material and pile-fabric attached on it. Some experimental tests have been conducted to make sure the aero-acoustic feature of the acoustic trough compared with the open wind tunnel. These results show that the acoustic trough is suitable for the aero-acoustic measurement with the closed wind tunnel.
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Yoshihiko HONDA, Tomoyuki GOTO, Hiromichi OBARA, Yasuaki MATSUDAIRA
Article type: Article
Pages
313-314
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Two typical flow structures around the rotating polygon mirror were clarified with a Particle Image Velocimetry and a Laser Doppler Velocimetry measurement under the low rotating speed condition. One is the periodical fluctuating structure generated as a bow-shaped region and a pair of the vortex tubes near at the polygon mirror. This vortex tube structure induces the high frequency noise corresponding to the product of the number of the polygon corners and the number of rotations. The other is the alternative flow structure generated at the outside of the periodical structure (r/d>0.8). This flow structure is considered as one of the causes of the jittering of the polygon rotation. In addition, this flow accompanies the complicated three-dimensional vortices generated by the interaction between the vortex tubes on the outskirts of the alternative flow structure.
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Satoru KATO, Fumihiko KIMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
315-316
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In Japan, "Basic Law for Establishing a Recycling-based Society" has been established and the activities of reduce, reuse and recycle are promoted. However, the formation of the circulation business, which is economically reasonable for both users and manufactures, is highly demanded. There are some route on the form of product circulation : Product reuse of used products, Parts reuse taken out from used products, Material recycling after used products are crushed. However, material recycling is not concluded economically except some expensive materials. It is an important for the circulation business strategies how much they would add the operation to used products and how much they re-sell the reused products that have value added. On example of personal computers, automobiles and household electric appliances, the circulation business in which the used products are re-sold as junk products becomes active in these days. This cascade reuse is concluded by matching of the users who dispose a used product and the used that want to obtain them. In this study, modeling the relation of price point and cost considering each process such as used product buying, transportation, reproduction, and resale is done. And this paper indicates the possibility to create the added value by cascade reuse. And a simple simulation using an example and arranges the formation factor of cascade reuse.
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Satoru KATO, Shunsuke Tsuchiya, Fumihiko KIMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
317-318
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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For realization of circulation production system, life cycle design is necessary. Life cycle design contains a business strategy for service supply not consuming less resources, selection of life cycle option (reuse, reduce and recycle), product design and process design of production/use/maintenance/collection. In this study, utilizing the main parts and its data of existing products, the system which made product design adapted to the product life cycle assumed beforehand is built. The proper product design solution for the arbitrary life cycle is provided using this system. Also at the design of new product including some gain of parts performance and structural change of products, application this system is possible.
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Shinji YAMAMOTO, Takeshi MURAYAMA, Masakazu KOBAYASHI, Fuminori OBA
Article type: Article
Pages
319-320
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes a production planning method addressing the issue that the timings and quantities of returned products and reusable components included in them are unknown. This method first predicts the quantities of returned products and reusable components at each time period by using reusability models. Using the predicted results, the method performs production planning based on Material Requirement Planning (MRP). This method enables us to plan at each time period : the quantity of the products to be disassembled; the quantity of the reusable components to be used; and the quantity of the new components to be produced. The simulation is carried out to show the effectiveness of the method.
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Akira MATSUDA, Yoshiki SHIMOMURA, Shinsuke KONDOH, Yasushi UMEDA
Article type: Article
Pages
321-322
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In order to reduce the environmental load caused by a mass waste-producing society, it is very important to achieve closed-loop product life cycles. To do so, it is necessary to realize Inverse Manufacturing [1]. However, there is not only physical life but also value life which terminates because of minor functions. We focus on extension of this product value life and propose the design methodology of upgradable products [2]. To do this, we create an upgrade plan. And to make the plan more realistic and flexible, future technological trends and user demand must be predicted. Generally, user demand is assumed to be influenced by technological trends. Based on this assumption, this paper suggests producing a general upgrade plan that considers flows from technological trends to user demands. Furthermore, we also propose the way to correct upgrade plan flexibly to respond to sudden event in the future which is expressed as the change of product components.
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Yoshiaki ISHIGAMI, Shinsuke KONDOH, Yasushi UMEDA, Yoshiki SHIMOMURA, ...
Article type: Article
Pages
323-324
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The objective of upgrade design is to extend product life so as to reduce consumption volume of resources and energy usage. However, difficulty of upgrade design resides within prediction of future trend such as technological trends and market trends, and upgrade design should be robusts against uncertainty of future predection. This paper proposes a design methodology for upgradable products, and illustrates a prototype upgrade design support tool which can handle changes of user requirement and market trend. With a design example of a vacuume cleaner, this papar also demonstrates the features of the upgrade design tool.
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Norio SAKAI, Gakushi Tanaka, Yoshiki SHIMOMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
325-326
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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To solve the environmental issues, it is indispensable to establish longer and more efficient product life cycles. However, it is difficult to design such product life cycles because product life cycles are dependent on specific products. On the other hand, the methodology to control product life, such as upgradable product design, is important to establish longer and efficient product life cycles because the products designed based on this methodology have longer life and encourage reuse of components. In this paper, we propose a method of product life cycle design based on product life control, and show a design support system using a life cycle simulation tool.
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Gakushi TANAKA, Norio SAKAI, Yoshiki SHIMOMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
327-328
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The importance of environmental protection is frequently noted at present. Environmental problems, such as waste management, air pollution, and reduction of CO_2 emissions were discussed at the Kyoto Conference. As a result, the realization of the need for more products that perform better environmentally has been emphasized. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been proposed as a method of controlling the environment relative to product manufacturing. This would be accomplished by designing and manufacturing products with better environmental performance. LCA is a technique for computing the environmental load of a product over the total product life cycle by performing inventory analysis of each life cycle process and summing up the results. However, since the LCA computes environmental load based on static database, it is difficult to consider flexible changes of a life cycle in its calculation. In this paper, we propose the new environmental load evaluation system, which can consider flexible changes of each life cycle process, by connecting external life cycle simulation systems to a LCA system.
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Hiroshi KAWAMURA, Hirohisa NARITA, Lianyi CHEN, Hideo FUJIMOTO
Article type: Article
Pages
329-330
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Continuous efforts are taken nowadays to prevent the destruction of the globe environment. For this purpose, utilization of the earth resources in the most effective way with the least impact to globe environmental consideration, because machine tool is very vital for the current industry. A prediction system of environmental impact for machine tools is described in this paper. The system has two evaluation models, machine tool motion analysis and machining operation analysis. They are constructed for the purpose of supporting the decision of the most effective machining method. In order to the feasibility of developed system is shown by a case study.
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Kenichi MORIKAWA, Hidefumi WAKAMATSU, Akira TSUMAYA, Keiichi SHIRASE, ...
Article type: Article
Pages
331-332
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A disassembly support system including parts cutting is presented. Recently, DFD, DFR, and DFE have been proposed from a viewpoint of ecology. It is ideal that all parts are completely disassembled for effective reuse/recycle of them. However, design considering such complete disassemblability is unreal because required specification of products and/or their manufacturability is more important than it. Therefore, used products have been cut, broken, and/or shredded, and individual materials have been collected from mixed shreds in recycle factories. Furthermore, there are no detailed manuals with respect to cutting position and disassembling/cutting procedure in recycle factories. Our developed system generates feasible disassembly sequences including cutting position from CAD data and information with respect to reuse/recycle of each part. First, it generates disassembly/cutting sequences to retrieve reused parts and/or to remove hazardous parts. Second, sequence to collect individual materials efficiently are derived. If those sequences can be attached on each product, they can be referred in the reuse/recycle phases as useful information for efficient disassembly/cutting.
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Naoki SATONAKA, Nobuhiro SUGIMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
333-334
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The geometric feature variations of the individual mechanical part cause large variations of the other parts that are connected with the part in the assembly processes. Therefore the planning and designing the geometric feature variations should be discussed from the viewpoints of both the analysis and the synthesis of the geometric tolerance. The objective of the present research is to develop a systematic method for planning and designing the distribution of the geometric tolerances of the three-dimensional shapes of the mechanical parts. In order to satisfy the specified accuracy of the mechanical products, the proposed method determines the individual tolerance range of the geometric features by using nonlinear programming. A case study on a stack of two parallelisms is carried out to estimate the proposed method.
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Toshitake TATENO
Article type: Article
Pages
335-336
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, a system structure for maintenance work support system is discussed. There is a trend that product information, such as operational condition, is recorded and managed for every part or module in view of product life-cycle support. In order to realize it, the use of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) can be considered to identify a part or a module, and to have access to small sensors without physical contact. On the other hand, RFID is a useful tool to sense human work. In this paper, we propose to use RFID for human work recognition that realizes autonomous support in maintenance work. The work support system is constructed as a hierarchical process structure like a sensor networks so that the RFID and other senor data can be used flexibly not only for work support but also for other life-cycle support.
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Kenji Yanagida, Sang J. Song
Article type: Article
Pages
337-338
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper aims to develop a Web-based application and life-cycle maintenance decisions suitable for effective and its repair continuously. An optimal life-cycle maintenance towards more effective material circulation and more profitable recycling-conscious manufacturing is investigated from optimization techniques to determine the optimal life-cycle of parts and units. The proposed Web application will be realized by a prototype system, and the effectiveness of the procedure is also demonstrated with Windows based Java application.
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Munehisa FUKUYAMA, Satoshi NAGASHIMA, Muneyuki HIRAI, Shozo TAKATA
Article type: Article
Pages
339-340
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In order to perform effective maintenance throughout the facility life cycle, it is necessary to have an information management system. which can support it effectively. In this paper, we propose a system to collect the malfunction data and that for the prediction of component deterioration of the facility as a part of the facility information management system. The former system is to support the collection of malfunction data with reference to a facility model, which represents the hierarchical structure of the facility. The latter system is to predict the potential deterioration occurring on the facility components based on the knowledge collected by the malfunction data collection system.
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Susumu OKUMURA, Norio OKINO
Article type: Article
Pages
341-342
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Optimum inspection schedules for a single-unit system are studied, in which the time to failure of a system is described by a probability density function, and a continuous inspection density function is assumed to exist. Two types of objectives are considered : (1) the sum of the expected costs per cycle, where the cost elements are inspection cost, loss cost and replacement cost (O1) and (2) the expected incurred cost per unit time over an infinite time horizon (O2). The variational method is utilized to derive optimum inspection schedules, where the functional of O1 is nonfractional and the functional of O2 is fractional. The effect of the objectives on optimum schedules is examined.
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Kunio Fukuyama, Masami Nobuta, Nobuyuki Uchida, Kazuo Fujita, Tsuyosi ...
Article type: Article
Pages
343-344
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Large numbers of accidents have occurred at intersections with good visibility in rural areas. Therefore, requiring a need to initiate a preventative measure, that encourages speed reduction and caution to reduce the number of accidents. Until recently a covering fence was used at intersections in rural areas to encourage vehicles to show down when approaching an intersection and prevent collisions. A new successful method using potted trees placed along the side of the road in front of the intersection has been introduced. Potted trees where placed on a rural road respectfully, 8 meters apart in front of the intersection where crossing vehicles collisions had frequently occurred. The numbers of accidents were compared between before and after the installation to confirm the validity of the treatment method. This method to prevent and reduce the number of accidents can effectively be accomplished economically and moderately by simply installing potted trees.
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Jing Long Wu, Feng Zhe Jin, Bin Khalid Merican Amir
Article type: Article
Pages
345-346
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Yukio YOSHIKAWA
Article type: Article
Pages
347-348
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this work, we investigate a safety mechanism and frame construction in order to alleviating automobile occupants' injury in frontal collision. The occupants' acceleration in collision can be controlled by decreasing the one into the cabin. In order to obtain the reduced acceleration, it is important to build artificially even better energy-absorbing systems. This approach examines the design and mechanism based on energy-absorbing forms, particularly, which are necessary to reduce to the occupants' injury criteria.
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Masataka EHARA, Tadaatsu SATOMI
Article type: Article
Pages
349-350
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper shows the Rolling Deflectometer, which can measure the deflection along pavement, and evaluate its quality. TDU type Rolling Deflectomater is equipped with the caster rolling on the pavement and hydraulic servomechanism. An accelerometer is attached to the piston of said servomechanism. The displacement of deformation of pavement can measure through this system.
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Motoharu FUJIGAKI, Yoshiharu MORIMOTO, Satoru YONEYAMA, Akihiko NISHIO ...
Article type: Article
Pages
351-352
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A profile inspection method which can measure the height distribution of a roadbed from a high-speed vehicle is required for a health monitoring of the roadbed. A light-section method is often used for this purpose. The analysis time is, however, long because this method analyzes a 2-D image to obtain a height distribution along a line. An intensity ratio method was proposed as a profile measurement method. This method can be realized with simple equipments. We are developing a high-speed profile measurement method of a moving object using three linear sensors set in parallel. In this paper, we propose a profile inspection method with three linear sensors by the intensity ratio method.
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Yasuhiro SUZUKI, Takahito SAGANE, Hiroshi TAJIMA, Kazuto SETO
Article type: Article
Pages
353-354
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper proposes a modeling method for elastic vehicles. Flexiblizing the vehicle body invites a bad influence on a degree of driving comfort or operation stability. In order to improve them, active suspension control is used. Although a model is required in order to control motion and vibration of elastic vehicles, the ordinal modeling was is difficult to apply since an elastic vehicle is in a flexible multibody system. Then, the created elastic vehicle is modeled using the extended reduced physical order model proposed by us that can perform expression of motion and vibration. In derivation of the equations of motion of an elastic vehicle, the additional constraint method is derived. Since linear control theory is used, linearization of the equations of motion of the elastic vehicle expressed by a multibody system with nonlinearty is performed. By changing the equations of motion into state space form, a control system design can be made easy.
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Kimihiko NAKANO, Yoshihiro SUDA, Masahiro YAMAGUCHI, Hiroyuki KOHNO
Article type: Article
Pages
355-356
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The combined type self-powered active control, which produces a control force using energy regenerated by an energy regenerative damper and requires no external energy, is applied to a suspension of a rubber-tired vehicle. control schemes of the self-powered system are presented and its performance is examined through numerical simulations. The results show the performance of the proposed system is as good as that of a typical active controller using an external energy source.
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Takashi IWASA, Yoshihiro SUDA, Yoshiaki TERUMICH
Article type: Article
Pages
357-358
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper presents stability of bicycles using multibody dynamics. Mathematical model of bicycles was usual developed as a liner system that has four degrees of freedom. In this paper, the model is developed as a multibody system that has nine degrees of freedom. The nine equations of motion are derived by the application of variational formed D'Alembert' equation. In this study, the effect of rear frame inertia on bicycle's stability is investigated using this multibody system model. As a result of simulation analysis, it becomes clear that the rear frame parameters, e.g. center of gravity, inertia moment and so on, effect on stability of bicycles.
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Hitoshi TSUNASHIMA, Yosuke SATO
Article type: Article
Pages
359-360
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The steering type of a mechanical guidance system has been used for Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) system in Japan. Recently, the single-axle bogie system has developed for AGT vehicle and applied to Yurikamome 7200 series. This paper describes dynamic characteristics of AGT vehicle with single-axle bogie system under earthquake. By using 13 degree-of-freeedom dynamics models and multibody dynamics models, a computer simulation in case of earthquake is carried out. By the result obtained from computer simulation, characteristics of the AGT vehicle in case of an earthquake was clarified.
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Junichi KURATA, Hironobu UCHIYAMA
Article type: Article
Pages
361-362
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The electric carts are useful for aged people, because their mileage is enough long for the dairy use. Most of them have the steering mechanism using the bar type handle. The operators must grip the bar with both hands operating the accelerator bar. Since the grips of ordinary handle are located behind the handle axis, those grips would be moved with long distance. The wrists of operator should be wrenched, and the operator would move outside to make their wrists easy. This kind of motion results the movement of the center of gravity and increase the danger to overturn. In order to reduce this risk, we propose the new type of steering device based on the parallel four-links. Since the grips of proposed handle move on the straight way, the posture of operators' wrists would not be changed. This type of handle seems to be useful for the electric cart.
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Taichi SHIIBA, Tomonao ENOMOTO, Takeshi KINUGASA, Hiroshi KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
Pages
363-364
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Steering reactive torque of an automobile is a significant factor of human-automobile system. This paper describes an analysis model of steering effort on steady state cornering, which contains the information of steering geometry. Some running tests with a racing kart were carried out in order to evaluate characteristics of steering reactive torque, and it was shown that the experimental results agree with the simulation results with proposed steering effort model.
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Article type: Appendix
Pages
App2-
Published: August 05, 2003
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