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Published: September 07, 2007
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Article type: Appendix
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Article type: Index
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A1-A6
Published: September 07, 2007
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Eisaku ITO, Keizou TSUKAGOSHI, Akimasa MUYAMA, Junichirou MASADA, Ikuo ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0408
Published: September 07, 2007
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In order to prevent global warming, Kyoto Protocol has come into effect in February 2005. It is necessary for Japan to reduce 6% of amount of CO2 emission from 2008 to 2012. In such an environment, improvement of the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine for GTCC is highly required. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. participates in the national project developing 1700degC gas turbine. In this national project, selected component technologies are investigated in detail. Key technologies for 1700degC gas turbine are determined and under development such as, (1) Combustor with exhaust gas recirculation system (2) Turbine cooling technology (3) Super heat resistant material (4) Thermal barrier coating (5) High efficiency high loading turbine (6) High pressure high efficiency compressor Current status of the technology developments is reviewed.
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Nobuyuki OSHIMA, Eisaku ITO, Keishiro SAITO, Masashi WAKITA, Takuji NA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0409
Published: September 07, 2007
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To investigate turbulent combustion phenomena in a gas-turbine combustor, we conduct a numerical simulation of a partially premixed turbulent combustion in a practical combustor. Large-Eddy simulation and 2-scalar flamelet approach are coupled and applied to the unsteady turbulent combustion simulation in the combustor geometry for modeling turbulent and combustion reaction phenomena, and also their interactions. This paper reports an application of the LES to a 1700 degree class of new-Generation gasturbine combustor and discusses their feasibility to the practical combustor design.
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Kenichiro TAKEISHI, Ryuta ITO, Keizo TSUKAGOSHI, Masaaki MATSUURA, Tsu ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0410
Published: September 07, 2007
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One of the new cooling concepts of turbine nozzle and blade endwall for next generation 1700℃ class industrial gas turbines is an impingement cooling technology in a closed cavity. As the turbine inlet temperature increases the turbine aerodynamic load becomes high and the secondary flow generated by pressure difference between pressure side and suction side of a vane becomes strong. Thereby, passage vortex glows strong and rolls up the film cooling air blowing through the endwall to cool the endwall. An impingement cooling is used to attain higher heat transfer coefficient on stagnation region and to control the heat transfer coefficient and film cooling air blowing ratio. Especially, not to penetrate the film cooling air into the passage vortex, film cooling air must remain in the boundary layer under the passage vortex. New concept of impingement cooling in a closed cavity will solve these problems. In this paper heat transfer coefficients of impingement cooling in closed cavities were studied by using naphthalene sublimation method.
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Junji IWATANI, Eisaku ITO, Hiroshi HAYAMI, Naonori NAGAI, Shinichiro A ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0411
Published: September 07, 2007
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For the next generation gas turbine, an advanced compressor which has higher pressure ratio and higher efficiency than the current is required. In the front stage, to achieve higher aerodynamic efficiency, transonic front stage airfoil design is focused on. In transonic blade, shock wave is the main source of loss, which is induced by the interference between shock wave and boundary layer and tip leakage flow. To reduce the loss, three-dimensional design concept which would manage the shock structure is examined for front stage transonic blade. The concept is studied by 3D CFD analysis. Results indicate S-shaped leading edge blade, which is characterized that forward swept in tip region, backward swept in hub to mean section, is effective to reduce shock loss at tip section, also maintains flow matching of original design intents.The actual shock wave in the 3D blade was visualized by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) measurement technology to check the shock structure. In this paper, the current results of 3D CFD study and shock visualization is presented.
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Shigeo HATAMIYA, Shinya MARUSHIMA, Hidefumi ARAKI, Yukinori KATAGIRI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0412
Published: September 07, 2007
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The Advanced Humid Air Turbine (AHAT) system improves the gas turbine thermal efficiency by using high-humidity air without needing a high firing temperature and pressure ratio. The following gas turbine elemental technologies concerning humidity air have been developed to realize the AHAT system: compressor, recuperator, turbine blade cooling, and combustor. A system verification plant that consists of a gas turbine generator (two-stage radial compressor with pressure ratio 8, two-stage axial turbine, single-can combustor), recuperator, humidification tower, water recovery system, and other components was constructed to validate performance of AHAT system. The verification test has been begun since October 2006. The test results showed good performance such as thermal efficiency over 40%(LHV) and NO_x emissions less than 10ppm.
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Tetsuo Abiko, Junichi Tsujii, Takashi Eta
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0413
Published: September 07, 2007
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From the view point of high efficiency of 100MW class gas turbine power generator which meets the needs for short or medium term at power industry, Advanced Humid Air Turbine (AHAT) is suitable, because more than 51 percent of net thermal efficiency and more than 15 percent of CO_2 reduction are achievable. In order to make practical use AHAT, we have been developing recuperator which has an enough durability against high thermal stress by start-up, shutdown and quick transient operation at high temperature and high humidity condition.
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Genki TAKEUCHI, Akiko FUJIWARA, Yutaka SUZUKI, Yutaka ABE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0414
Published: September 07, 2007
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It is requested to develop a small and highly efficient heat exchanger for small size energy equipment such as fuel cells and CO_2 heat pumps. In the present study, the high pressure resistant microchannel stacked heat exchanger had been developed. The present device manufactured by diffused bond method can withstand high pressure at least 15MPa The heat transfer area per unit volume of the device is quite large. Since the distance between the microchannels in the device is small, the thermal resistance is small. Due to the high pressure resistance, this device can be applied for high flow rate condition with boiling and condensation. As the results, it is clarified that above features make the device to achieve very high performance of heat transfer rate with hundreds times larger than that of the existing heat exchanger.
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Kenji YOSHIDA, Keisuke SHIOMI, Isao KATAOKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0415
Published: September 07, 2007
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We employed the recent micro machining technology on the heating surface and produced the artificial micro-ordered groove pattern. The frost phenomena on the artificial surface with micro-structure are experimentally investigated. The effects of the groove depth or pattern pitch on the frost characteristics were focused. In addition, the effects of the wall wettablity by changing the surface treatment with water-repellent or water-attracting were also tested. The direct observations for the frost and its melting phenomena on the surface were carried out by using the digital microscope with high spatial resolution. It is cleared that the grooves on the surface strongly affect the frost phenomena, especially the generation of the super-cooled droplets on the surface, which can be observed at the beginning of cooling. The water drainage after frost melting was also affected by the micro grooves and wettability on the surface.
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Tatsuya OKU, Noriaki ISHII, Keiko ANAMI, Shota UEDA, Takashi SAWAI, No ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0416
Published: September 07, 2007
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This study presents an establishment of optimal design method for lubrication at the thrust slide-bearing of scroll compressors, where, the analysis method using the average Reynolds equation by Patir & Cheng and the solid contact theory by Greenwood & Williamson were applied to calculate the resultant lubrication performance. For given values of friction area, thrust load and orbiting speed, the oil film pressure, the solid contact force and the friction forces were calculated to determine the friction coefficient. The friction coefficient decreased gradually with decreasing the friction area, because of decreased oil viscous force. When the friction area became quite small, however, the influence of the effect of surface roughness became large, thus resulting in increased friction coefficient. Thereby, the optimum performance appeared, which changes according to the friction area and orbiting speed. It was concluded that the optimal design values of the thrust slide-bearing can be calculated for given working conditions of the compressor.
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Masato KANEKO, Takeo TOKIAI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0417
Published: September 07, 2007
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We evaluated the physical property (two phase separation temperature, solubility, mixture viscosity) of oil and CO2 refrigerant mixture at super critical state. Our studies found that there were the super critical CO2 layer and oil rich layer, and a pressure increased rapidly as solubility increased. Therefore a pressure diagram on Daniel chart became dense at super critical state.
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Masafumi NAKAGAWA, Atsushi HARADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0418
Published: September 07, 2007
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Carbon dioxide is one of the most hopeful refrigerants because it naturally exists in the atmosphere and has a minimal greenhouse effect. But when it is used in the standard VCC, the energy loss at the expansion valve is critically high. We have been researching on converging-diverging nozzles for the ejector-type refrigeration cycle which can replace the VCC and recover the expansion loss. In this particular study, the energy-conversion efficiencies of such nozzles having two-phase flow for different inlet conditions were measured. The supercritical inlet conditions used are within the standard operating conditions of the ejector-type refrigeration cycle, which are above the critical point of CO2. We found out through experiment that the efficiencies of the supercritical-liquid inlet conditions are higher than those of the other inlet conditions. The efficiency increases with the length of the diverging section.
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Shuji IKEGAMI, Nobuki MATSUI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0419
Published: September 07, 2007
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The purpose of this study is to present a new type of the desiccant heat pump system with the desiccant materials directly dipped into the heat exchangers. The prototype of the new type of the desiccant heat pump system was manufactured and evaluated by experiments. Compared with the current type (rotor type), the evaluation results of the prototype show an increasing of 74% in the dehumidification performance, four times in the efficiency of energy, and a decreasing of 3/4 in volume.
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Shuji FURUI, Mitsuharu NUMATA, Kazushige KASAI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0420
Published: September 07, 2007
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In a heat exchanger for CO_2 heat-pump water heaters, heat transfer enhancement, especially in water-side, is required to develop a high performance system. A tube with inner dimple, which called "Smart Dimple tube (SD tube)", has been developed to increase a heat transfer coefficient without increasing a friction factor. The SD tube was applied to a new water-CO_2 heat exchanger, and contributed greatly to the improvement of COP of the heat pump unit. In this paper, the technology for high efficiency CO_2 heat pump water heater by development of the water-CO_2 heat exchanger was described.
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Tatsuya SEO, Hisakazu SAKAI, Kouichi NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0421
Published: September 07, 2007
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The combined system with a cooling cycle and a heat pump cycle was developed for vending machine. Isobutane (R600a) is used as a working fluid for both cycles because of its high efficiency and lower cost. The combined outer heat exchanger can reuse the waste heat of the cooling cycle for evaporator of the heat pump cycle and it can control dew drop in case of heating right compartment. The energy consumption is reduced by 28% compared to that of the conventional vending machines.
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Isao KATAOKA, Kenji YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0422
Published: September 07, 2007
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In recent years, various heat supply systems for private houses have been developed for the purpose of reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. Among them, heat supply system using heat pump is most typical and in practical use. It is quite important to evaluate the thermal efficiencies of these heat supply systems. The simulation models have been developed for these systems and the evaluation of thermal efficiencies was carried out for the typical thermal and electricity consumption patterns in private houses. The effects of various parameters of the seytem on thermal efficiencies are analysed. The simulation result indicated that heat pump system is effective in reduction of energy consumption compared with gas engine cogeneration system
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Takumi KIDA, Mitsunori TANIGUCHI, Kiyoshi GOI, Shinichi MATSUDA, Ahin ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0423
Published: September 07, 2007
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The drum-type washer dryer which heat pump was used for because of dryness was mass-produced in our company in the world for the first time. The air flow was analyzed by using CFD to make that heat pump unit evolve more. The position of the heat exchanger and the fan and the air flow way form were changed and development unit decreased the pressure losses of the air flow way drastically. Moreover, it became effectively available the whole surface of the heat exchanger, and 20% reduced the capacity of the heat exchanger. Moreover, a development unit was combined with the new-model fan, and ventilation noise in dryness was decreased.
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Yoshiro ISHIKAWA, Ichiro SUGIMOTO, Itaru TAMURA, Akeshi KEGASA, Yukino ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0501
Published: September 07, 2007
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We have proposed the energy networks which carries out the cross-supply of electricity, hot water, and hydrogen for effective use of fuel cell systems. By simulation and operations of experiments in laboratory, we continued evaluating effects of energy networks. We started the demonstration in residential homes from this year. The demonstration system includes three PEM and hydrogen generator and plural experiments for (1) a group of detached houses in a part of residential area, and (2) an apartment building are enabled.
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Yudai YAMASAKI, Go TOMATSU, Yuki NAGATA, Shigehiko KANEKO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0502
Published: September 07, 2007
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Micro grid energy system is consisted of various kind of generator (ex: wind power system that use natural energy, gas engine, storage battery and etc.). These devices are needed to be operated in line for the electricity demand change. Fuel composition also changes in assuming biomass use in the micro grid. So, it is important to understand their transient response properties for designing and managing the micro grid. In this study, transient response characteristics of a small size existent gas engine were investigated in experiment and engine dynamics model was developed. Influence of fuel condition on transient response was also investigated. It was clarified that fuel condition did not affect load following time though thermal efficiency was changed.
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Yuta Sasaki, Hiroshi Asano, Shigeru Bando, Seiji Tagami
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0503
Published: September 07, 2007
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The viability of microgrid concept has been demonstrating in the US, Europe and Japan. To increase renewable energy near the demand side, a microgrid is proposed that utilizes controllable prime movers such as gas engines to compensate fluctuating demand and output of renewable energy. If gas engines can track to some degree the change in output of renewable energy and in load, the required battery capacity can be reduced. We designed the control system of a microgrid with a small gas engine and battery to compensate the fluctuation of demand and output of renewable energy with reduced capacity of the battery. We also validated the effect of the control system by the field test.
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Yosuke NAKADA, Yoichi TAKEDA, Akio OHJI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0504
Published: September 07, 2007
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A micro gas turbine (μGT) and a fuel cell combined cycle power generation is considered as one of the distributed energy supply sources. This system drives μGT by using the high temperature exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell and melted carbonate fuel cell. In this investigation, the thermal efficiency analysis of hybrid system, combined with 10kW class μGT and SOFC fueled by propane, was performed. It was demonstrated that the maximum in the thermal efficiency on load balance of SOFC and μGT. Optimization of load balance and fuel supply distribution was performed and the thermal efficiency of 58% was obtained in the part-load. Higher efficiency in part-load is preferable when the system is used for the micro grid and the emergency power supply.
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Hideyuki TAKAHASHI, Kazushi OKUMOTO, Naoki KAMACHI, Kosuke ABE, Hiroya ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0505
Published: September 07, 2007
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The purpose of this study is to construct the heat recovery generation system for co-generation in commercial and residential buildings. As a power recovery device, the authors focused on the scroll expander because of the potential for high-efficiency, and developed a new scroll steam expander. In this study, the authors applied the leakage prevention mechanisms to the expander for reduction of internal leakage in the very small clearance between the expansion chambers. The authors conducted the performance test by using steam as the working fluid, and explored future challenges to improve the expander performance. The result shows that it is important to reduce the leak loss and heat loss to achieve the better performance of the scroll steam expander. The further examination is required in the future whether seal characteristics and lubrication action of flocculated water has influence on expander performance.
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Tohru SEKIGUCHI, Naoki SHIKAZONO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0506
Published: September 07, 2007
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A one dimensional simulation model of anode supported tubular solid oxide fuel cell is developed. Simulation result is compared with the experimental data of SOFC with different anode pore structures. Current voltage and AC impedance characteristics are compared with the experimental result The effects of pore structures on ohmic, activataion, and concentration overpotentials are investigated. The pore size and porosity affect anode resistance, gas diffusivity, reaction overpotentials. Addition of pore former increases ohmic overpotentials, which can be attributed to the decrease of the TPB length.
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Yuichi WATANABE, Gen YOSHIDA, Yoshiharu AMANO, Takumi HASHIZUME, Yoshi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0507
Published: September 07, 2007
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This paper discusses a hot spring power generation system using the thermal energy obtained from the temperature difference between the hot water drawn up and the hot water supply to the hot spring facilities. In order to clarify the feature of a hot spring power generation system using ammonia (NH_3) as the working fluid, the thermal efficiency, required hot water flow rate, and sizes of heat exchangers and turbine rotor are calculated compared with the conventional system using chlorofluorocarbon (R134a, R123, R22 ) as the working fluid. As the results, it shows the effectiveness of a hot spring power generation system using NH_3.
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Toshiro NAGAI, Tukasa OKUBO, Yoshinobu NAKAO, Yosuke NAKADA, Yoichi TA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0508
Published: September 07, 2007
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The geothermal power generation is considered as one of the renewable energies. In these plants, power output depends on the conditions of well and ambient atmosphere. Aiming to operate geothermal power generation more effectively, it is desirable to investigate the influence of these conditional changes on power output quantitatively. Through the development of plant simulator for thermal efficiency based on the heat balance analysis, the power outputs were estimated for two types of noncondensable gas extractor system. The plant with vacuum pumps showed more power output than the one with ejectors, among the evaluated operational conditions.
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Hiroshi KANKI, Shirou ARII, Kiichirou FUKUI, Keisuke OKU
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0509
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The target of this research is development of new type of floating breakwater using wave-power generation system by gyroscopic effect. There are more than 3600 islands in Japan. It is the very important issue to calm wave in marine transport and fishery in Japan. We have studied and developed wave-power generation system by gyroscopic effect. This system has functions of wave energy absorption as well as generating electricity. This paper describes benefits of wave-power generation system by gyroscopic effect as "wave absorbing equipment" from research on needs and techniques of breakwaters, and hydraulic model test of wave-power generation system by gyroscopic effect in order to understand the qualitative measures of wave-suppression property of this system.
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Hiroshi KANKI, Shirou ARII, Kiichirou FUKUI, Katsuhiro HONDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0510
Published: September 07, 2007
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In this paper, we focus on wave-power generation system by gyroscopic effect. In earlier study on it, we found that the phase lock between the phase of generator rotation and that of generator system motion leads to an increase in power generation. In order to achieve the phase lock in at-sea experiments, first, we conducted experiments with small power generation system by gyroscopic effect in the laboratory. Next, we conducted at-sea experiments with large power generation system by gyroscopic effect in Tottori. In the test, we tried to conform the reference signals of gyro system to that of float motion, and achieved the phase lock by manual control. Furthermore, we confirmed that this system has the self-synchronization effect.
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Hiroshi KANKI, Shirou ARII, Kiichirou FUKUI, Keisuke TSUKUO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0511
Published: September 07, 2007
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In recent years environmental problems such as global warming have become international issues. Research and development of renewable energy is one of those efforts. Especially in Japan wave-power is easily available because of island nation. So we work toward practical use of gyroscopic wave-power generation system. This paper mainly describes the at-sea experiment of the gyroscopic wave-power generation system. Compared to the established experiment, we conducted the experiment in larger wave condition in real sea. Then we confirm the performance of generator.
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Masanori Monde, Peter Woodfield, Toshio Takano
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0512
Published: September 07, 2007
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An experiment has been made to measure hydrogen temperature in an actual vessel during charging hydrogen until 35MPa and also to measure the temperature in a discharging bank at the same time. The measured temperature of hydrogen for the vessel and bank is compared with the estimated temperature from the previous model proposed by authors. It reveals that the estimated temperature is in good agreement with the measured one by taking into account the effects of inlet enthalpy and thermal capacity of the tank
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Tomoya TSUJI, Toshihiko HIAKI, Naotsugu ITOH
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0513
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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To design a fuel cell system, solid-liquid equilibrium was measured for two binaries, benzene + toluene, benzene + methylcyclohexane, and a quaternary, benzene + cyclohexane + methylcyclohexane + toluene, by use of a cooling type apparatus. Hydrogen (H_2) solubility was also measured for four binaries, benzene + toluene, cyclohexane + methylcyclohexane, benzene + methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane + toluene, and a quaternary, benzene + cyclohexane + methylcyclohexane + toluene, by use of a synthetic type apparatus up to 5.000MPa at 303.15K. The H_2 solubility was increased linearly with the pressure following the Henry's law for all systems. Using the optimized binary interaction parameters, cubic equation of states well predicted the H_2 solubility for the quaternary.
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Tomoyuki WAKISAKA, Shinji KOYAMA, Hiroki UBA, Yogo TAKADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0514
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Nowadays, bio-fuel cells which utilize the enzymes of microbes are widely noticed. In this study, the authors made a bio-fuel cell which utilized yeast along with sucrose as fuel, and performed experiments under various conditions in order to improve its power generation performance. The concentrations of the mediator and oxidizer solutions and the number of current collectors in the anode and cathode were optimized. As a result, the single bio-fuel cell with six sheets of current collectors (each area was 20cm^2) in each of the anode and cathode was able to generate the maximum power of about 9mW. Moreover, the authors created a whale-type robot with a small motor powered by the three bio-fuel cells connected in series.
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Yuji SUZUKI, Kyo ITO, Takayoshi INOUE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0515
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is considered as a prospective power source for portable electronic devices. In this study, effects of vapor-feed on a fuel-storage-type DMFC performance with a hydrocarbon polymer electrolyte membrane are investigated by both anodic and cathodic gas analysis. In the vapor-feed DMFC under low current density, since the anode vapor concentration of CH_3OH is low enough for the anodic reaction, the methanol crossover is lower than in the liquid-feed. However, in the vapor-feed DMFC, the water management of the membrane is important for solving the lack of water.
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Masayuki TAKEUCHI, Akira NISHIMURA, Kenichi SHIBUYA, Seizo KATO, Koich ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0516
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The aim of this study is pointing out the dominant factors of transfer phenomena and the main reason for distribution about heat and mass in a single cell. With the aid of the observation window, temperature distributions in the single cell under power generation were measured by using the thermography. As a result, the temperature distribution according to the separator structure and the gas supply condition on the cathode side was obtained. Moreover, to propose the operating condition for the high-efficiency power generation, the reaction phenomena in a single cell were simulated by the simple model. As a result, the difference of reaction rate between hydrogen and oxygen was confirmed.
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Teppei YASUKAWA, Tatsumi KITAHARA, Toshiaki KONOMI, Hironori NAKAJIMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0517
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Gas Diffusion Layers (GDLs) of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are exposed to high compression loads in the cell stack. The pore size distribution of GDL varies greatly depending on the compression load. It is essential to evaluate GDL properties under compression conditions typical of a fuel cell. In the present study, air permeability and pore diameter of GDLs were measured under controlled compression conditions. Through-plane permeability of the GDL with a micro porous layer (MPL) decreased significantly, however, in-plane permeability decreased slightly when compared to the GDL without MPL. Under moderate humidity conditions, the PEFC performance deteriorated slightly when using the GDL with MPL rather than without MPL. This indicates that the influence of in-plane air permeability of GDL was more significant on PEFC performance.
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Yu YAMAGUCHI, Naoki SHIKAZONO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0518
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Anode supported tubular solid oxide fuel cell is fabricated by extrusion and dip coating process. By changing the size and amount of the pore former, the effects of anode micro structure, i.e., porosity and pore diameter etc., were evaluated through voltage and AC impedance measurements. Addition of pore former improved the cell performance for large fuel utilization case due to the reduction of concentration overpotential. On the other hand, increase of porosity and pore diameter lead to deterioration of cell performance for low fuel utilization case. This is attributed to the poor connection of electric and ionic paths and decrease of three phase boundary. For tubular anode supported SOFCs, electric resistance in the axial direction should be considered.
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Shinichi YANO, Shiko NAKAMURA, Manabu IHARA, Katsunori HANAMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0519
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Power generation experiments were investigated using anodes of Ni/BCY (BaCe_<0.8>Y_<0.2>O_<3-δ>) whose film thickness were 20μm and 40μm. Characteristics of the anode with proton conducting materials, such as BCY were investigated. The anode overpotential of the Ni/BCY increased with decreasing temperature from 900℃ to 700℃. The overpotential of the Ni/BCY (40μm) was lower than that of the Ni/BCY (20μm) under 3% humidified H_2 fuel (partial pressure of H_2O (P_<H2O>)=0.03, partial pressure of H_2 (P_<H2>)=0.97). The overpotential of the Ni/BCY (40μm) increased with humidity from 3% to 10%. On the other hand, the overpotential of the Ni/BCY (20μm) decreased with increasing humidity. However, the overpotentials of both Ni/BCYs increased when H_2 fuel was diluted by Ar.
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Atsushi KUROYANAGI, Kenji INUYAMA, Hiroshi IWAI, Motohiro SAITO, Hideo ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0520
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this study we focus on the possibility of the current density enhancement by controlling the mesoscale structure of the anode electrode. Such structures increase electrolyte surface area, decrease electrolyte thickness and are expected to affect mass transport in the porous electrode and consequently influence the cell performance. To evaluate its effect on the cell performance, an experimental apparatus that can directly compare two different anode electrodes under a same operating condition is designed. By comparing a mesoscale controlled anode with a standard one, it is found that the mesoscale structure affects the cell power generation performance.
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Masaaki IZUMI, Shuichi SAWADA, Takayuki KAI, Hiroshi NISHIMURA, Hiroto ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0521
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A SOFC cell of flat tube type with 3 channels or 4channels for fuel gas inside was successfully fabricated by ceramic wet processing. The anode-supported cell was composed of 8molY_2O_3-ZrO_2 (YSZ) electrolyte, Ni-YSZ anode and (La,Sr)MnO_3 cathode. Fuel gas was homogeneously supplied inside cells with pipes made of heat resistance alloy. The cell of 50cm^2 active area was operated to achieve maximum power density of 0.23W/cm^2 at 1000℃. It was expected that the cell performance of flat tube type would be improved by adjusting the porosity of anode and fuel gas flow etc. from the analysis results after the generation experiments.
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Fumihiko YOSHIBA, [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0522
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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An efficiency of an oxy-fuel Integrated Coal Gasification system having a molten carbonate fuel cell, a gas turbine, and a steam turbine is calculated. A shift converter is employed to the heating up procedure of the fuel gas. The cathode gas is composed of CO_2 and O_2 with a composition of 66.7/33.3 (Noble cathode gas). The net efficiency of 2.2MPa system reached to 60%HHV with no CO_2 capture, whereas the efficiency of the 0.15MPa low pressure system is calculated to be 50%HHV. For the purpose to estimate the IG/MCFC system efficiency with CO_2 capture, a liquid CO_2 capture with a pressure of 10MPa is supposed. Using 2.2MPa high pressure system, the efficiency includes the a consumption of liquified CO_2 capture is evaluated to 58%HHV in the net value. Another simple CO_2 closed system with no gas turbine is proposed; the efficiency of 2.2MPa and 0.15MPa system includes the consumption of CO_2 liquefication is calculated to be 56% and 48%HHV net, respectively.
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Katsuya NAGATA, Masafumi KATSUTA, Kensuke NAKAMURA, Kentaro HIROSE, Yu ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0523
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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It is said that the electric wheelchair users want to expand their range but the technology of electric wheelchair doesn't meet their demands. So, in this research, we tried to improve the performance of the electric wheelchair by using fuel cells. We built up fuel cells hybrid system and decided what we use from experimental data. Then, we made up a new body of wheelchair which consists of CFRP panel. We created a prototype of the electric wheelchair which assumed a fuel cell a drive energy source and tested its running performance. The result showed that it had climbing ability of 10 degree and was enough to run local street.
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Hiroshi YAMASHITA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0524
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The EAGLE pilot plant test of the coal processing amount 150tons a day has been executed as a joint research of EPDC (Electric Power Development Co., Ltd.) and NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) since fiscal year 1995. Coal gasification is a key technology of a super-high efficiency power generation system, such as IGCC (Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle) or IGFC (Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle). In addition, this system is suitable for CCS (carbon capture and storage) technology. This paper describes the development status of the EAGLE technology based on more than 5500 hours operation..
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Masatoshi HIROKAWA, Yasuharu OKADA, Hiroyuki KASHIHARA, Tomoyuki OGINO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0525
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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For high efficiency combined cycle gas turbine power plant there are several problems about erosion and corrosion of the gas turbine blade, stable combustion and low emission to use hyper-coal, which is produced from coal but almost includes no ash. Therefore, for the first stage combustion tests in the atmospheric pressure have been conducted, and as the results long time stable combustion and almost complete combustion have been achieved by using hyper-coal pulverized at the mean diameter about 6μm. In addition, NO_x emission in hyper-coal combustion is the level similar to the nonuse of de-NO_x pulverized coal combustion method, so the tests for emission reduction and the tests pressurized at the actual gas turbine pressure are needed in near future.
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Terutoshi UCHIDA, Toshihiko YAMADA, Masato TAMURA, Shuzo WATANABE, Nob ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0526
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently establishment of countermeasure against global warming is being called for urgent attention. Oxy-fuel combustion which is one of the CO_2 capture systems is an up-and-coming technology and is expected to be practical use. We, IHI, J-POWER and JCOAL, have had an oxy-firing pilot test and a feasibility study since 1992 and through these tests and studies we have obtained a lot of knowledge. Based on these knowledge and experiences we are proceeding with the demonstration project of a complete and integrated CCS (CO_2 Capture and Storage) process of oxy-fuel combustion pulverized coal-fired power plant In this paper, we introduce the overview of the Oxy-fuel demonstration project in Australia.
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Yuso Oki, Saburo Hara, Kazuhiro Kidoguch, Kazuyoshi Ichikawa
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0528
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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It is significant to establish new usage of slag, discharged from gasifier of integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation system (IGCC), by adding higher value on slag. Because it will be a good help to promote the spread of IGCC technology all over Japan. In previous reports, appropriate range of chemical composition of slag for high quality artificial light-weight aggregate. But the technique is required to modify foaming characteristics of slag, whose composition is not within that appropriate range. In this report, the fact is confirmed that foaming characteristics of slag is modified by adding some particles mainly consist of fly ash from pulverized coal furnace. IGCC can change fly ash from pulverized coal boiler into useful light-weight aggregate. We added three data of foaming characteristics of unexamined slag. One of them expanded to float on the water. The ratio of absorption of this extremely light-weight expanded slag particle is as same as expanded obsidian, it is expected as substitution of expanded obsidian, used to improve soil drainage and so on.
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Junichi FUKUI, Chulju AHN, Kenichi SASAUCHI, Miki TANIGUCHI, Fumiteru ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0529
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Gasification of biomass is quite complex process that contains pyrolysis of biomass and a chemical reaction between volatiles and char etc. Therefore, detailed understanding for gasification of biomass is needed to construct high-efficiency biomass gasifier. In this study, characteristics of char gasification were investigated and one-dimensional numerical model for biomass gasification was formulated in a fixed bed downdraft gasifier to achieve high gasification efficiency. As a result of gasification of char, it was confirmed that the volume fraction of CH_4 and CO_2 reduces in fuel gas and that of CO and H_2 increases after gasification.
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Kazuhiro KIDOGUCHI, Maromu OOTAKA, Masayuki TASHIRO, Kazuyoshi ICHIKAW ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 0530
Published: September 07, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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CRIEPI has been conducting R & D activities on development of "High-efficiency Biomass/Waste Carbonizing Gasification Power Generation System". This system can use various fuels by integrating the carbonizing technology as a pretreatment equipment with the entrained-flow gasification technology. This system can obtain high thermal efficiency because the fuel such as biomass and waste is fed into the gasifier after pyrolyzed in the carbonizer by using the exhaust gas from the power generation system such as the gas engine. As a result of gasification tests of wood biomass, it was clear to be able to achieve a high efficiency by the carbonizing gasifier.
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