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Published: September 04, 2010
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Article type: Appendix
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Article type: Index
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A1-A8
Published: September 04, 2010
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Takatoshi UMENO, Takafumi ITO, Hidehiko HIGAKI, Yoshitaka NAKANISHI, Y ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-1-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study evaluated the effect of sports taping for anterior cruciate ligaments injured knee on knee joint kinematics while walking. Kinematic gait analysis of 10 young people with intact knees was performed using intelligent knee brace. Three kinematic parameters (knee flection, anterior-posterior tibial displacement, and internal-external rotation of the tibia) were measured when the subjects walked at their natural speed with sports taping and without taping. The results showed that the sports taping limited the three kinematic parameters compared to without taping. However, the efficacy of taping was deteriorated with time.
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Tatsunari HARASHIMA, Takuji KOIKE, Kyoji HOMMA, Michihito AOKI, Naoto ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-1-2
Published: September 04, 2010
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In this study, a new subcutaneously implanted bone-conduction hearing aid with an external unit and an internal unit is proposed. A prototype transducer was made and installed in a cadaver head, and the performance of the transducer was investigated when the method of installation (number of fixed point) of the transducer was changed. The frequency response of the amplitude of the cadaver generated by the transducer depended on the number of the fixed point. The ear-canal sound pressure generated by the transducer with single point fixation was higher than that with two point fixation. These results suggest that single point fixation method is suitable for installing the transducer to the cadaver.
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Motoaki FUJI, Emiri GON, Tsutomu TAJIKAWA, Kenkich OHBA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-1-3
Published: September 04, 2010
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It is well known that when endothelial cell covering over aortic valve is damaged, the aortic valve is hardened, which is known as aortic valve sclerosis. However, it is almost unknown that how and why endothelial cells are damaged. In this study, realistic models of aortic leaflets and of aortic valve were made, and the normal stress acting on the model leaflet was measure of model leaflet. As a result, it is found that model leaflet transformed it with increase of the pressure in Aortic valve model. About the stress distribution, we push forward data processing.
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Isami NITTA, Kensuke HASEGAWA, Ken TAKAGI, Ritsuo SAKAMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-1-4
Published: September 04, 2010
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Hiroki Sato, Atsushi Shirai, Toshiyuki Hayase
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-1-5
Published: September 04, 2010
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The authors have investigated the adhesion and friction characteristics of the neutrophils on a flat glass plate using the inclined centrifuge microscope. In their studies, however, precise behavior of the neutrophils on the plate has not been observed. In this study, microbeads were attached on the HL60 cells, a model cell of neutrophils, via an antibody as marker particles to observe if the cells were rolling or sliding on the plate. Some cells were observed to roll on the glass plate and showed the stick-slip motion. Influence of stimulation of the HL60 cells by the antibody on their adhesivity to the plate was also investigated with respect to the adhesion ratio. It was shown that the adhesion ratio of the stimulated cells did not change with coating of the plate with the MPC polymer which prevents the cells adhesion, while that of the not-stimulated cells decreased drastically.
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Takuya NISHIMURA, Jason Sanderson, Yoshitaka NAKANISHI, Mutsumi TOUGE, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-1-1
Published: September 04, 2010
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Non-metallic bone plate was proposed for promoting healing of fracture. The alternative materials were a natural polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and a carbon reinforced PEEK, those Young's modulus were extremely lower than that of a titanium alloy. After cyclic mechanical compression testing, an average deformation with bending motions of the titanium alloy plate was equal to that of the natural PEEK plate. The FEM analysis showed that compressive strain was occurred in the natural PEEK plate in the direction of the long axis. These two results suggested that relative movements between two broken bone surfaces might be reduced and that appropriate compression loading might be applied to the bone surfaces. These conditions may promote the healing of fracture, and the natural PEEK bone plate will be a next generation of implant for osteosynthesis.
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Takayuki NARUSHIMA, Kyosuke UEDA, Takuro OKAZUMI
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-1-2
Published: September 04, 2010
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The oxide phase on Ti, TiO_2, is known to affect their properties. Anatase has been suggested to have excellent bone forming ability as compared to rutile. The anatase layer formation on Ti and its alloys by thermal oxidation could be the low-cost and simple surface treatment for improving their bone compatibility. We developed the two-step thermal oxidation process for the anatase layer formation on CP Ti. At the first-step, CP Ti is heat-treated in an Ar-CO atmosphere. At the second-step, the specimens were oxidized in air, and anatase-rich layer was obtained in the case of that oxycarbide (TiC_xO_y) single phase was formed at the first-step. The immersion tests in simulated body fluid showed that the anatase-rich layer improved the bone compatibility of CP Ti. The bonding strength between the anatase-rich layer and CP Ti was higher than 90 MPa.
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Shekhar Nath, Rong Tu, Takashi Goto
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-1-3
Published: September 04, 2010
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Hakan YILMAZER, Mitsuo NIINOMI, Toshikazu AKAHORI, Masaaki NAKAI, Yosh ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-1-4
Published: September 04, 2010
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A new biomedical β-type titanium alloy, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) has been developed by the authors. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a well-proved technique for forming submicron- or nano-sized grain structures in metallic materials. The effect of high-pressure torsion (HPT) processing on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of TNTZ was systematically investigated in this study. TNTZ subjected to HPT processing (TNTZ_<HPT>) shows the nano-sized grains with high-angle grain boundary, which are non-uniform with high dislocation density because of severe deformation. As a result, TNTZ_<HPT> shows a high hardness of around 300 HV and a great tensile strength of around 1050 MPa.
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Osamu SUZUKI, Takahisa ANADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-1-5
Published: September 04, 2010
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Synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) exhibits biodegradable characteristics if implanted in various bone defects. OCP tends to convert to hydroxyapatite (HA) both in vitro at physiologic pH and in the implanted sites. This conversion is accompanied by calcium ion consumption from and phosphate ion release into the surrounding solution. When OCP is incubated in culture medium, this tendency is more distinct as the dose of OCP increased. The equilibrium is attained to approach to the saturation with respect to OCP but slightly to higher degree of supersaturation beyond OCP. The growth of mouse bone marrow stromal ST-2 cells on OCP crystals is inhibited in the initial stage of incubation while osteoblastic differentiation is facilitated at the later stage more than that by HA crystals. The slight advancement of OCP hydrolysis into HA inhibits the appearance of osteoclastic cells around the OCP-implant in rat tibia bone marrow spaces. The results suggests that the characteristics of OCP which tend to convert to HA is a factor that stimulates not only osteoblastic cellular activity but also osteoclastic cellular response induced by OCP crystals.
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Eisuke KITAMURA, Mitsugu TODO, Yasuharu NAKASHIMA, Yukihide IWAMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-2-1
Published: September 04, 2010
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Biomechanical analysis of a hip joint with resurface type prosthesis was performed to characterize the stress conditions on the surfaces and interiors of the bones. Three different types of cementing were considered in the analysis in order to assess the effects of cementing on the stress state in the femoral head. The finite element analysis clearly exhibited the existence of stress shielding due to the difference of elastic modulus between the hard head component and the softer bone tissue. It was also found that the cementing affects the stress states in the femoral head and a partial cementing with gap region tends to increase the stress level.
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Yoichi Nakamura, Shinji SAITO, Sota YAMAMOTO, Eiichi TANAKA, Hirotaka ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-2-2
Published: September 04, 2010
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The loosening of femoral stem, which is caused by the lack of initial fixation, is one of the most important problems in THA. Cementless stems, becoming widespread recently, are constricted by the collapsed and densified cancellouse. However many of former studies on femoral stem fixation have not considered such mechanical properties and deformation of cancellouse bone. Thus we discussed how to reproduce the mechanical properties of cancellouse bone in stem stability analysis. We reproduced a stress-strain curve which consists of a linear elastic part and a plateau part by densification of collapsed cancellous bone applying a honeycomb material model of LS-DYNA. By this model, we could represent a stem insertion process and stem fixation by hoop steress of bone.
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Ryuji Shigemitsu, Tetsuya Matsumoto, Yu Ishii, Taro Ishikawa, Nobuhiro ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-2-3
Published: September 04, 2010
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This study aimed to clarify the mechanical stress distribution in the mandibular bone with implants supporting an overdenture using the finite element analysis (FEA) based on the morphological data and 3-dimensional (3-D) load measured in a subject. A couple of 3-D FEA models were created based on data from a 62-year-old edentulous woman, who had installed four implants in her mandible and wore an overdenture, using FEA software (Patran). One model furnished four implants aligned as in the patient. In the other model, each implant was aligned along the direction of the measured load vector in maximum clenching in the patient. The result showsthat the stress distribution was affected by the number of implants and the magnitude and the direction of occlusal load. In addition, changing the implants' alignment to the load direction reduced the von Mises stress to the result from the model as the patient.
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Masaaki NAKAI, Mitsuo NIINOMI, Toshikazu AKAHORI, Harumi TSUTSUMI, Ken ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-2-4
Published: September 04, 2010
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A biomedical β-type titanium alloy, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) (mass%), which is composed of non-toxic and allergy-free elements and exhibits low Young's modulus similar to that of cortical bone, has been developed by the authors. According to our previous reports, the mechanical properties including fatigue property of TNTZ can be improved significantly by thermomechanical treatments. On the other hand, fatigue property is one of the most important properties when TNTZ is practically employed as a material of metallic rod for spinal fixation. Therefore, in order to improve the fatigue property of TNTZ, the thermomechanical treatment was optimized for this application in this study.
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Xingfeng ZHAO, Mitsuo NIINOMI, Masaaki NAKAI
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-2-5
Published: September 04, 2010
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The ω phase significantly influences mechanical properties of titanium alloys. It has been reported that the ω phase can be introduced by deformation at room temperature in several β-type titanium alloys. In this study, in order to exploit a new Ti alloy with changeable Young's modulus for biomedical applications, the effects of deformation-induced phases on the mechanical properties of Ti-x binary alloys were investigated. The alloys researched in this study exhibit low Young' moduli after solution treatment. Further, the Young's moduli of them increase by cold rolling.
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Hiroshi ISHIHATA, Nagayoshi IWAMA, Mitsuru SHIMONISHI, Hidetoshi SHIMA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-1
Published: September 04, 2010
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Biocompatible honeycomb-patterned polymer films (HF) as a precision micro-porous arrayed scaffold were tested to proliferate periodontal ligament cells for the periodontal regeneration therapy. HFs were prepared from poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and amphiphilic, with 5 or 10 μm diameter of precise pores casted by water droplet array method. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells from 6 extracted human molars were cultured on HFs up to 28 days. After 24h culture, PDL cells attached to pillars in the honeycomb structure of HF, and shaped like pseudopodium form. On the 10 μm pored HFs, cells entered into the film and migrated to the structural lumen. At 28-day culture, PDL cells on HFs formed the multilayered cell sheet like-structure with the penetration of cells. HF is applicable to the periodontal therapy as a cell-interactive scaffold for the periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Satoshi YAMADA, Ryoji UEHARA, Kazuhiro FUJISAKI, Masahiro TODOH, Shige ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Bone tissue is a composite material composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and collagen fiber. The interplanar spacing of HAp crystals can be measured using the X-ray diffraction method, and HAp crystal strain is calculated from the deformation of the interplanar spacing. Previous studies have shown that HAp crystal strain in cortical bone is almost proportional to the tissue strain in the bone axial and circumferential directions. The aim of this study is to measure the HAp crystal strain under tensile loading and the orientation of c-axis of HAp crystals in femoral trabeculae. The experiments in the study used the trabeculae specimens taken from the cancellous bone in a bovine femur. As a result, the c-axis of HAp crystals oriented to the longitudinal direction in the trabeculae. Furthermore, the HAp crystal strain increased with the tissue strain under tensile loading, and the HAp crystal strains were not uniform between the specimens.
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Masayoshi Yokoyama, Miou Yamamoto, Yoshihito Funaki, Youhei Kikuchi, H ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study aimed to examine the influence of early loading on dynamic changes of bone metabolism around dental implants by using a Fine PET. Two titanium implants were inserted in the right tibiae of Wistar rats. 1 day after insertion, closed coil springs with 4.0 N were applied to the implants. The rats with ^<18>F^- (5mCi/rat) intravenously-injected were scanned by PET scanner at 4, 7, 14, 28 days after load application. Round ROIs were set around the distal implant (right tibia) and at the intact side (left tibia). Longitudinal dynamic changes in bone metabolism were evaluated by examination of the accumulation count of ^<18>F^-at each ROI. The results shows that early loading to the implant initially enhanced the bone metabolism around the implant, however, metabolic activity returned to pre-loading level with time despite a static force being applied to the implants.
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Fumiaki Yano, Yoshihiro Takao, Wen-Xue Wang, Terutake Matubara
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Elastic modulus of cell is supposed to be an important parameter to monitor the activity of cell and the local variation of stiffness within cell may have some relation to the dynamics and force transfer of cell. Thus, it is desirable to obtain the local distribution of stiffness. An atomic force microscope(AFM) is used to measure the local mechanical properties of the cell and the experimental data obtained by the force curve mode are analyzed with a Hertz model. However, several theoretical assumptions that the Hertz model based on do no realized in the fore curve experiment on the cell. The objective of our study is to improve the Hertz model to obtain the elastic modulus of the cells. Relevant problems are also discussed in the present report.
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Yoshihiko MIYAKE, Takaaki ARAHIRA, Yasuyuki MORITA, Mitsugu TODO
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-5
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this study, effects of cell seeding and mechanical stimulus on the multiplication behavior and compressive mechanical property of collagen-based scaffolds were examined. Osteoblast-like cells, MC3T3-E1, were seeded in two different types of collagen scaffold, namely, PET fiber/collagen and honeycomb structured collagen up to 30 days and compression tests were performed after 14 and 30 days. The honeycomb collagen exhibited higher modulus than the PET/collagen and the modulus tends to increase due to cell seeding. Compressive mechanical stimulus was also added to the seeding systems of the honeycomb collagen with cells and such stimulus effectively increased the cell number and resulted in dramatic increase of compressive modulus.
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Yasuyuki MORITA, Mitsugu TODO, Yasuyuki MATSUSHITA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-6
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study examined the deformation distribution around dental implants in cortical/cancellous bone experimentally using sawbone bone models. Dental implants were placed in the bone models and the displacement distribution was measured using a digital image correlation method, and the strain distribution was evaluated under a compressive load that simulated an occlusion force. Then, we compared the strain distributions around the mandibular bone model between an osseointegrated implant and immediate-loaded implant.
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Nozomu TONOIKE, Motomu NAKASHIMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-3-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The objective of this study was to clarify the muscle load in carrying an infant by the computer simulation. In order to obtain the input data for the simulation model, joint angles, electromyograms, and the force to segments in carrying an infant were measured in the experiment. Comparing the measured electromyogram data with the analyzed data by the musculoskeletal simulation, similar tendencies were obtained with respect to the muscle activities of Trapezius and Elector Spinae. From the results, it was found to be possible to reduce the physical load by selecting the appropriate carrying method according to the change in the simulation.
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Kouhei MASUDA, Yasuhiro NAKAJIMA, Satoshi YOSHINARI, Shigeru TADANO
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-3-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Human hand achieves complex and various actions with cooperative activities of muscles in the forearm. Muscles' activity measurements are available to evaluate the work efficiency of human hands operations and quantify the degree of disease related in the hands. Surface electromyography (EMG) is a generally used method for the measurement using some electrodes attached on the skin surface. Though, for the forearm muscles, the measurement of the activity of individual muscle is difficult because of the superimposition of the EMG signals from muscles, called "cross-talk problem". Previously we developed a muscle analytical system to estimate the individual muscle activity from the surface EMG distributions detected on the skin of forearm. In this study, we apply the system to analyze the synergetic activities of the forearm muscles during the palmar flexion load applying to the carpal joint. The result shows that both the synergetic muscles and antagonist muscles operated against the palmar flexion load. The individual muscle activity could be identified from the surface EMG measurements analyzed in this system.
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Ryota NAGAIKE, [in Japanese], Hiroaki TAKEUCHI, Tomohisa INADA, Yoshih ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-3-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Mechano-myogram (MMG) signal reflects mechanical vibration when muscle contracts. The MMG has an advantage to detect the vibration of the induced contraction voluntarily or electrically. In this paper, we measured prolonged MMG of the biceps brachii contraction at the dumbbell lifting and the hybrid training, in which muscles are electrically stimulated to provide resistance to the voluntary motion of a muscle undergoing training. The change of MMG amplitude shows the influence of muscle fatigue. At the dumbbell and hybrid training respective MMG were similar. Therefore, it is expected that MMG can detect the muscle fatigue in the hybrid training.
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Takeshi SHIMOTO, Yoshitaka SHIRAISHI, Hidehiko HIGAKI, Naohide TAKEUCH ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-3-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In performing the flexor digital tendon repair, peripheral suture is essential to improve the sufficient strength and to accomplish the early active mobilization of repaired flexor tendons. The purpose of this study was to evaluate unrepaired site about partial interlocking cross-stitch peripheral suture under cyclic loading conditions. Artificial rolls, called ParotisrollsTM were used as the experimental model in this study. Halfway or third-fourths circumferential interlocking cross-stitch, or complete circumferential peripheral suture techniques were performed using 6-0 Polypropylene. An initial cyclic load of 10 N for 500 cycles was applied and increased by 5 N for an additional 500 cycles at each new load until rupture. In result, Strength of third-fourths circumferential interlocking cross-stitch suture is almost equal to complete circumferential peripheral suture.
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Shukei Sugita, Takeo Matsumoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Kiichiro Kumagai, Hiro ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-3-5
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Mechanical properties of the thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) tissues were measured in a pressure-imposed test along with histological analysis to estimate their rupture risk. Quadrilateral specimens obtained from TAA were sandwiched with plates having a hole and pressurized from one side of the hole to bulge into the other side until rupture. Intramural stress and strain of each specimen were calculated from its deformation-loading pressure relationship to obtain its ultimate strength and tangent modulus. Histological analysis was then performed to obtain the area fraction of histological components. The maximum of the tangent modulus during pressurization had a significant correlation with both area fraction of collagen and ultimate strength, indicating that tangent modulus can be used as an index of rupture risk. While tangent modulus continuously increased with intramural stress until rupture for normal porcine thoracic aorta, it tended to reach a plateau for TAA. Stress-tangent modulus relation may also reflect the rupture risk.
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Tsutomu TSUJIMOTO, Shinta UEDA, Tsutomu TAJIKAWA, Kiyoshi BANDO, Kenki ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-3-6
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness. Asthmatic airway is thickened and stiffened by remodeling. Many folds on the surface of airway appear by the constriction of smooth muscle and buckles. Because, the number of occurring folds decreases in the asthmatic airway, and the airway lumen becomes stenosed. As a result, it is thought that the breathing difficulties occur. It is important to clarify the buckling mechanism in the airway. In this study, to clarify the mechanism of the buckling, we used two-layered collapsible tubes as a model of the bronchiole and used a shock tube which gave a sudden decreasing in the pressure inside the tube. The tube cross-section area was visualized by using laser sheet technique, and a high speed video camera. As a result, the number of folds increased with increase in the elastic ratio.
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Takashi YAMADA, Koji MORI, Hiroyuki ENDO, Soichiro IKEHATA, Tetsuya YA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-2-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Most of previous study about joint kinematic analysis using X-ray image needed total clear outline of bones. However, to obtain the clear outline is not easy in clinical because X-ray image of knee often overlaps with bones. In this study, the method of kinetic analysis that uses the outline, which was not totally clear, was proposed. In order to achieve the aim, P type Fourier Descriptor that can be used in an open curve was applied. And, using feature vectors which were based on shape feature, initial point and terminal point of the outline, the library data base preliminary selected. After, an outline of the object was divided in three parts, template pattern matching was performed. In results, the standard deviation of errors of patella were θx=1.00±0.84 deg, θy=0.55±0.65deg, θz=0.62±0.12deg. And, the standard deviation of errors of cervical vertebra were θx=0.36±0.11 deg, θy=0.84±0.38deg, θz=0.72±0.25deg. The accuracy of patella was lower than that of cervical vertebra. Spectrums depend on estimation of 3D kinetic.
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Soichiro IKEHATA, Koji MORI, Takatomo MINE, Kazuhiko ICHIHARA, Takashi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-2-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Osteoarthritis are one of diseases that people cannot avoid with aging. Moreover, some young people suffer from osteoarthritis because of sports and labor that give large load to joints. It is very important for the diagnosis and treatment to understand three-dimensional movement information on the joint quantitatively. In this study, the three-dimensional positional posture presumption technique of the bone was carried out from X-ray image. We focused on the elbow joint because the disease of the elbow joint is observed as frequently as knee joint. We performed 3D kinematics measurement at elbow joint from template pattern matching. In this study, 50 samples were estimated to examine the relation between length of outline and error margin. The results showed that higher accuracy was obtained by using longer outline information. In order to achieve higher accuracy, the feature vector selection method was adopted. The combination of template pattern matching and feature vector selection method improved the estimation accuracy from (θx,θy)=(1.44,2.08) to (1.26,1.72).
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Heizo KAJIWARA, Tsutomu EZUMI
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-2-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, the number of foot joint syndromes by an acquired transformation increases. Because loading condition and the structure of foot joint greatly influence them, the clarification of the mechanical property of foot joint is important. Especially, a flatfoot has a lot of patients as an acquired case. In this research, the bone in the arch of a normal foot and a flat foot was reproduced by three -dimensional model, the stress distribution was analyzed by the photoelastic investigation, and it made comparative study of them. The experiment analysis result showed the following things. The remarkable difference was seen by calcaneus. In ground plane, stress concentration caused the normal foot inside. Stress decreased as the normal foot went outside. On the whole, stress increased the flatfoot. And, reduction of the stress in an outside like a normal foot was not seen.
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Yoshitaka SHIRAISHI, Kotaro IWAO, Takeshi SHIMOTO, Hidehiko HIGAKI, Yo ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-2-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In biomechanics of the knee joints, the definition of the cruciate ligament adhesion areas is discussed for the cruciate ligament reconstruction. Effective information can be expected to be fed back to the cruciate ligament reconstruction if accurate movement of the natural knee joints can be analyzed. Therefore, this study performed in vivo six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) motion analysis for natural knee joints with high precision using an image matching technique. The image matching technique was performed determining the strength of correlation between the X-ray images from a flat panel detector (FPD) and the computational simulated image from three-dimensional gray-scale model reconstructed using computed tomography (CT). Average root mean square errors of this technique were 0.84 mm for the in-plane translation, 0.17 mm for the out-of-plane translation, and 0.29 degrees for the rotation. We report the analysis of motion and displacement of cruciate ligament adhesion areas for the natural knee joint during walking activity. The roll-back motion and a motion for the screw home movement could be confirmed from the change in the length of the cruciate ligaments.
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Hiroaki MIYAGAWA, Ryo TAKEDA, Shigeru TADANO
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-2-5
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Gait analysis is important for evaluation of walk ability and rehabilitation effect. We propose a new method for gait analysis using wearable acceleration and gyro sensors based on quaternion calculations. In this method, each subject fixed seven sensor units which consisted of a tri-axis acceleration sensor and three single axis gyro sensors on their body segments. Acceleration and angular velocity data detected from each sensor unit were corrected during level walking. Initial orientations of sensor units were shown as inclinations from gravity axis by using acceleration data during upright positioning in the trial. Angular displacements of sensor units were estimated using angular velocity data during through the trial. An original algorithm based on quaternion calculation was used for the orientation estimations. Each orientation of sensor unit was transformed to orientation of body segment by rotation matrix obtained from calibration trial. Body segment orientations were used for consisting 3-D stick animation of subject during trial for gait representation. Measurement and analysis were applied for five subjects. The results were compared with results from camera system to focus on the joint angle. The joint angles showed the same tendency with similar joint angle values obtained in both systems. The portability without spatial constraints of this sensor system could improve the capability for clinical applications based on the gait analysis.
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Kouhei MURASE, Takuya OGAWA, Nobuhiro KITO
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0200-2-6
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this study, an apparatus of the working posture measurement for outdoor-used was developed. For validation of three dimensional spatial discretizations of the apparatus, the movings of the FA robot arm were measured with different focus. After the calibrations, cooperative works were measured at indoor and outdoor. The results show the significantly different of time depended posture between cooperative works and single ones. Espacially, the case of heavy handling with cooperative work, it is observed that the handling path was tend to windingly.
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Yuichi OTSUKA, Takeshi ISHIZAKI, Yukio MIYASHITA, Yoshiharu MUTOH
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1701-1-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This research aims at analyzing both reliability and safety of eco-products, such as micro-windmill. FMEA for the micro-windmill was done by using Sysml Model and Stress-Strength Model. Initial failure modes were identified by logical model of lacks of functions and guide words of specific modes. The link model was then introduced to clarify the complex network of failures. The case study showed the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
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Kuni TSUJI, Hiroshi OKAMOTO, Sumito NAGASAWA, Hiroki KUWANO
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1701-1-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, rectification methods for micro-energy harvesting systems are proposed and estimated. We present introduce two methods. The first is a mechanical rectification. The second is semiconducting rectification which is fabricated through MEMS technology. Vibration-driven micro-energy harvesting by micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology is needed because the electrical power consumption of our society is increasing. But most of the vibration-driven generators supply alternating-current and intermittent electro energy. For using, it is necessary to construct the micro energy system supplying direct current. Therefore, we present the micro energy system that is composed of vibration-driven micro-energy harvesting, rectification and energy storage. In particular, we consider the rectification in this paper. In designing, we consider that vibration-driven micro-energy harvestings are developed through MEMS technology. Compatibility between semiconductor process and MEMS process is hard to achieve in materials, temperature, contamination and so on.
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Takabumi Fukuda, Katsuaki Terada, Motonori Kase
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1701-1-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper concerns the measurement procedures of emission from printing press. In ISO 12643s, the measurement procedures and its criteria are not determined, but only shown some figures as reference. In opposite side, The BG standards are always referred. However, some procedures and the criteria are not well understandable. It is requested to solve this situation and in order to establish the new standard procedure and criteria, The JPMA (Japan Printing Machinery Association) had established the study group and organized the survey work. This report is the result and suggested some point where the reasonable procedures are considered to request.
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Toshimitsu KANDA, Shoko AKEMINE, Hiromu HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1602-1-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A winding model for prediction of in-roll stress distribution, considering air leaking effect is presented. Air layer is formed between webs within wound roll due to air entrainment, and then the air layer thickness varies with air leakage of the widthwise edges of wound roll while winding. It alters the stress distribution with reducing apparent roll stiffness. In this study, on estimating the air layer thickness, the air flow between webs is assumed as an incompressible squeeze flow between parallel plates in web-width direction. Additionally, it is extended to take into account that the stress at the already-wound part of the roll is sequentially varied from continuous web winding. Experimental validation result states that predicted value corresponds well to the experimental value. Furthermore, influence of air leaking effect on n-roll stress is verified by a parametric study.
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Toshimitsu KANDA, Shinya SUZUKI, Hiromu HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1602-1-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Plastic films are produced on roll to roll systems. The film products are wound in the shape of a roll for the sake of store and transportation. As environmental temperature changes during the store or transportation, internal stress of wound roll will be changed over time. If the internal stress of a wound roll is sufficiently altered, defects such as slippage or wrinkling are generated. In order to prevent these problems, predicting the thermal stress is helpful. This paper describes calculation results of unsteady thermal stress of wound roll and its experimental verification. The calculations are carried out by simultaneous equations that variables are heat conduction and radial stress. The results are verified by demonstration experiment that is conducted with wound roll in an environmental chamber.
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Shigenori KADOKURA, Masahiro WATANABE, Kensuke HARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1602-1-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes a non-contact suppression of flow-induced wave in a thin film using continuous pressure wave. It is shown that the non-contact suppression technique is effective against the flow-induced wave in the thin film. We investigate the control performance and characteristics of this suppression technique by experimental results. Characteristics of the suppression technique are that responsibility is quickly and continuous pressure wave with specific range of frequency and amplitude can suppress flow-induced wave in the thin film. Using the non-contact suppression technique, critical flow velocity where is generated flow-induced wave in the film is increased.
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Gaku KUDOU, Masahiro WATANABE, Kensuke HARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1602-1-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with an experimental study of flow-induced wave generated on a thin film under shear loading. The experiment is carried out to investigate the deformed shape of the thin film with various values of shear loading, and the wave propagation due to the interaction of the corrugated shape of the corrugation with the fluid flow in the narrow passage. As a result, it is clarified that the flow-induced wave occurs to the thin film caused by interaction of the corrugated shape of the corrugation due to the shear loading with the fluid flow in the narrow passage. Moreover, it is clarified that the traveling direction of the flow- induced wave is determined by the corrugated shape of the corrugation and fluid flow direction. The flow-induced wave propagates diagonally, almost across the fluid flow direction.
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Masahiro WATANABE, Kensuke HARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1602-2-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with a theoretical stability analysis of a self-excited vibration generated in a film wrapped around an air-turn bar. In this paper, stability of the low-frequency mode is examined theoretically. A theoretical model of the film wrapped around the air-turn bar is developed. Basic equations of the air flow in the gap between the film and air-turn bar, and pressurized air flow inside the air-turn bar are derived. The characteristics equation of the system is derived from the basic equations of motion of the film coupled with the air flow. Instability condition is shown as a function of air flow rate and tensile force. Moreover, instability mechanism of the self-excited vibration is discussed based on the theoretical model.
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Hiroo AKIYAMA, Shinjiro UMEZU, Hiromu HASHIMOTO, Masayuki OCHIAI, Akih ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1602-2-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Dragonfly was focused by many researchers to develop MAV. Because dragonfly has high flight performances those are the unintended acceleration, the rapid turn and the hovering. We concerned the flight performance influenced by umbos on wing vein of dragonfly. The length and shape of umbos were 10 to 100 μm and oblique circular cone. In this paper, artificial umbos were fabricated by application of the electrolytic polishing. The fabricated umbos were set on a metal sheet by the micro resistance welding.
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Motoki KUROKAWA, Kazuhiko TAKAHASHI, Masafumi HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1602-2-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Focusing on nonphotorealistic rendering techniques of digital art entertainment, this paper investigates a method of color transformation from a reference famous picture to a target picture. A spatial filter based on an artificial neural network is proposed to transform the color information of the target picture. The learning of the neural network is undertaken in order to minimize the difference of histograms between the reference and target pictures by using genetic algorithm. Experimental results show the feasibility and the characteristics of the proposed method.
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Irizo NANIWA, Takuya MATSUMOTO, Junichiro SHIMIZU, Satoshi ARAI, Kimio ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1603-1-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Thermally assisted magnetic recording (TAR) will overcome "superparamagnetic limit" and enable the recording density beyond 1 Tb/in^2 in HDD. TAR is a technique for nano-bit recording that nano-size area on medium is heated by an optical near field during the writing process to reduce the coercivity, and requires a light delivery mechanics from a laser diode (LD) to the optical near field transducer. We proposed a new light delivery mechanics for TAR using a submount, and prototyped Si-submount with Si-MEMS technique and the head gimbal assemblies using it. We confirmed that the fly-ability was not influenced by the laser unit. We also measured the laser power around outlet of laser unit in slider flying on a glass disk, and estimated the temperature rise of LD. This result coincides with the expected one in thermal calculation. These results of the feasibility studies show that our light delivery mechanics is a promising technique to put TAR into a practical use.
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Ikuro HONJO, Akihiro NAGANAWA, Akira SAKURADA, Shigeki MORI, Mamoru HA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S1603-1-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The authors proposed a new actuator called "Nano-Motion Actuator (NMA)" for track following on a spin-stand that evaluated magnetic heads and media for high density recording. At the present time, effect of azimuth angle which causes between a center line of a head slider and a tangential direction of the track is actualized as a track pitch of the head becomes narrow. However, when a discrete track media (DTM) will be put to practical use, a new specification that should be large working distance exceeding 60 μm with a resonance frequency of over 5 kHz should be required. In a previous report, the authors proposed a new actuator which was consisted of a laminar piezoelectric element and a displacement amplitude mechanism. A new concept that was moving directions of the piezoelectric element and the actuator were at right angles to each other was applied to the amplitude mechanism. In this report, the PID control performance for the new actuator is described in frequency response characteristic and transient response characteristic.
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