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Article type: Cover
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Published: August 22, 2001
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Article type: Appendix
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Published: August 22, 2001
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Article type: Appendix
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Article type: Index
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Published: August 22, 2001
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Maiko OHYAGI, Hideki AOYAMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0118
Published: August 22, 2001
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In the traditional manufacturing process, the preparation of the assembly manual and teaching of assembly processes are done after the trial production. And the assembling manual consists of figures and sentences, and intuitively hard to understand. However, the preparation of the assembly manual and teaching of assembly processes becomes more efficient if it can be done when the product is designed. With the rapid growth of the virtual reality (VR) technology, intuitive 3D-interaction-devices have been developed, the computer operations become more and more intuitive by using the VR technology. So in this paper, a system to support understanding of assembly processes is proposed. In the system, the product parts are assembled by the designer in the virtual space with VR devices when they are designed. And, after virtual assembling the parts, the animation of the assembly processes are made and show to assembling operators.
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Hideki kakeya
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0119
Published: August 22, 2001
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Autostereoscopic display which combines real image generation and parallax presentation has been developed in Multimedia Virtual Laboratory Project. Though it has advantages in presenting realistic 3-D image within the reach of the viewer, generation of image requires nonlinear mapping because the optics includes refraction by Fresnel lenses which are located for real image generation. The present paper discusses the approximation method of the nonlinear optical mapping to realize real-time mapping of all pixels.
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Hiroki UMEDA, Daisuke TSUBOUCHI, Hirohisa NOGUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0120
Published: August 22, 2001
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A new time integration method, which is based on the Newmark-β method, is presented. The method has moderate stability and the simulation adopting this method requires less CPU power than one using the ordinary Newmark-β method when geometricality non-linearity is considered. Although this is an implicit method, the only lumped mass matrix is utilized to calculate incremental displacement. In this paper, a numerical example is shown to confirm the features of this method.
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Michitaka HIROSE, Tetsuro OGI, Masahumi KATO, Shuichiro SAKIKAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0121
Published: August 22, 2001
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In order to generate a realistic virtual world, sound display system which can represent high presence 3D sound field is necessary. In this study, we have developed the 3D sound display system based on the numenical simulation, and implemented it with the immersive projection display CABIN. By using this system, we can realize real-time and interactive control of 3D sound field. This paper describes the system configuration of the 3D sound display system and the application to the high presence shared virtual world.
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Naoki WAKABAYASI, Hirotosi ARAMAKI, Hideto YUI, Tokio KITAHARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0519
Published: August 22, 2001
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In the case of micro-parts cutting using conventional lathe, high-quality surface cannot be obtained because that cutting speed drops down. In order to obtain high-quality surface of micro-parts less than 1mm diameter, we investigated on the high-speed cutting of 0.2 and 0.1mm diameter test pieces using small size of main-shaft. In the cutting of brass rod, the surface roughness Ra in the feed direction decreases under the condition of cutting speed over 12m/min, and the Ra=0.03 μm were obtained at 40m/min. From the experiment, it became clear that high-speed cutting improves remarkably the surface roughness of micro-parts.
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Tsutomu FUJII, Libo ZHOU, Jun SHIMIZU, Hiroshi EDA, Katsuhiko IIDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0520
Published: August 22, 2001
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Non-silicon based micro machining requires multiple principles to access different materials according to each objective, and also a single set-up to attain the repeatability. Using conventional machine tools normally take more than one process from roughing to finishing thus is energy consuming, costly and yet inconsistent. Newly developed in this research is a multifunctional macro-machining system capable of milling, turning, grinding, buffing, polishing, EDM, ECM, Laser machining and their combination. The system takes the same structure as a machining center with four degrees of freedom, desktop size and 0.1 μm positioning accuracy. This paper particularly describes the micro-milling and micro-EDM functions with assistance of CAD/CAM/CAE and IT infrastructure.
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Takashi MATSUMURA, Tetsuya MURAMATSU, Takahiro SHIRAKASHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0521
Published: August 22, 2001
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Abrasive water jet is applied to micro fabrication on glass. The principle of machining is discussed with erosion effect, which depends on diameter, impingement angle, and velocity of abrasive particles. The presented approach specifies the position and width of grooves with masks. Non-steady two-phase flow analysis shows the fluid field in the machining area around the masks. Brittle fracture does not happen at the right under nozzle because of stagnation flow. Stagnation flow made with the taper of masks changes the flow direction. Abrasive fluid, which flows on the surface with the angle almost horizontal, machines glass surface without brittle fracture. The effect of flow velocity on machining rate is examined. It is shown that the higher velocity makes the higher machining rate and the better surface roughness.
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Yasuhiro TAKAYA, Terutake HAYASHI, Satoru TAKAHASHI, Takashi MIYOSHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0522
Published: August 22, 2001
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In this paper, we propose a new stereolithography process using a thin film transistor (TFT) liquid crystal display (LCD) mask. Simultaneous exposure based on dynamically controlled cure process enables precise fabrication of 3D structures with the size of submillimeter order. Two types of dynamically controlled cure process such as intermittent mode and continuous mode are developed. This method is realized by optimizing exposure conditions for cure depth control based on a working curve. Fundamental experiments were performed to verify the proposed method. Both a micro-pyramid and micro-gear can be fabricated using intermittent mode. Moreover, continuous mode makes it possible to fabricate a small object with overhang shape.
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Toshiyuki OBIKAWA, Jun SHINOZUKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0523
Published: August 22, 2001
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Cooling by air, water and mist in end milling is estimated by analyzing cutting temperature during end milling processes. Heat transfer by natural convection of air and water, forced convection of air and water, nucleate boiling and droplet evaporation are assumed on the surfaces of an end mill according to the cooling methods used. The effects of cutting speed, feed rate and coolant (air) velocity on the temperature are also investigated. The temperature change according to cooling methods is acceptable. This proves that the models of cooling are appropriately applied to the analysis.
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Toshiyuki OBIKAWA, Jun SHINOZUKA, Yasuhiro KAMATA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0524
Published: August 22, 2001
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From environmental problem, it is widely required not to use cutting oil containing chlorine additives in metal cutting. The MQL processing method, which supplies very small quantity vegetable oil with compressed air, attracts attentions. In the MQL machining, since cutting oil becomes mist, in order for the lubricous effect of cutting oil to make it fully generate, it is necessary to optimize the supply method so that oil mist may concentrate near the cutting edge to act an lubricant effectively. Then, the flow field of oil-mist near the tool flank in MQL machining is analyzed using a general-purpose analysis code ANSYS/FLOTRAN, and the influences of the supply method and air speed on the amount of oil mist supplied near the cutting edge are investigated.
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Naruto FUWA, Junichi IKENO, Hideo SIBUTANI, Osamu HORIUCHI, Hirofumi S ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0525
Published: August 22, 2001
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Recently, miniaturization technologies of electronic parts have advanced and the thinning technique of IC chips has become more important. Generally, thinning of IC chips is done by grinding the back surface of wafer with a diamond wheel after sticking a protection tape on the patterned surface. However, diamond grinding yields subsurface damage which causes warping or cracking of the silicon wafer. So far, we have developed EPD pellets composed of fine silica particles, which can be used for dry grinding of the wafer and hardly introduce subsurface damage. Therefore the EPD pellets are considered applicable to the back grinding. On the other hand, dry grinding produces more heat which may damage the protection film as well as the patterned circuits. In this study, to investigate the influence of grinding heat, temperature distribution on the wafer was measured for back grinding of silicon wafer with EPD pellet. Moreover effects of cooling by compressed air blow were examined.
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Noritsugu UMEHARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0526
Published: August 22, 2001
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In order to clarify the polishing mechanism of MAGIC polishing, removal volume, surface roughness and friction were investigated. Removal rate of MAGIC polishing is the same as the polishing with free abrasives. But surface roughness with MAGIC is about one tenth of that with free abrasives. Friction coefficient with MAGIC is in the range between those of free abrasives and fixed abrasives. On the basis of these results, polishing mechanism was considered as scratching of free and fixed abrasives in MAGIC pad.
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Kenji Suzuki, Yurika Uyeda
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0527
Published: August 22, 2001
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This paper describes the normal and tangential reaction forces of a microdroplet between two hydrophobic surfaces. Two parallel glass plates were coated with fluoric coating material in order to get hydrophobic characteristic. These surfaces show about 150° in contact angle against water droplet and l〜2μm Ra in surface roughness. The amount of water is 0.7〜6μl. With changing the distance between the two surfaces, the repulsive meniscus force and the friction force were measured and the shape of the droplet was observed. Meniscus force increases as the two surfaces get closer. Measurable maximum load capacity of 1.7μl droplet is 20mN with distance of 30μm. The meniscus force shows hysteretic characteristic and adhesive force is generated when the two surfaces are separated. On the other hand friction forces varied with respect to time. The cause of these results is considered that the water was partially held by the surface valleys when the normal load was applied.
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Jun SHIMIZU, Libo ZHOU, Hiroshi EDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0528
Published: August 22, 2001
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In order to dynamically clarify the contact mechanism between specimen surface and probe tip in the surface observation by atomic force microscope (AFM) or friction force microscope (FFM), several molecular dynamics simulations have been performed. In the simulation, a 3-dimensional simulation model is proposed where the specimen and the probe are assumed to consist of mono-crystalline copper and rigid diamond or carbon atom, respectively. The effect of cantilever stiffness of AFM/FFM is also taken into considered. The surface observation process on a well-defined Cu{100} is simulated. From the simulation results, it is verified that the surface images and the 2-dimensional atomic-scale stick-slip phenomenon just as observed through the real AFM/FFM surface observation can be detected from spring force acting on the cantilever. From the evaluation of the behavior of specimen surface atoms, the importance of the consideration of specimen stiffness in deciding the cantilever properties is also understood. Influence of the probe tip shape on force images is also evaluated. From these results, it is verified that the behavior of the specimen surface atoms as well as the solid surface images in the AFM/FFM surface observation can be understood by the molecular dynamics simulations by using present model.
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Jong-duk KIM, Shojiro MIYAKE
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0529
Published: August 22, 2001
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Atomic scale tribo-chemical processing of silicon was performed using an atomic force microscope (AFM). To realize high density devices, possibility of fine etching mask processing which is consistent with nanometer scale tribo-chemical processing of silicon was suggested, and etching properties of mask processed by diamond tip of atomic force microscope were studied.
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Keiju MATSUZAKI, Shojiro MIYAKE
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0530
Published: August 22, 2001
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To clarify the potential as atomic force microscope (AFM) memory media, nanometer-scale mechanical processing properties of polycarbonate and fluorocarbon plasma-treated polycarbonate were evaluated by tip sliding of AFM. The surface energy of polycarbonate can be reduced by fluorocarbon plasma treatment. Furthermore, plasma treatment of polycarbonate can reduce the processing force. Nanometer-scale precise processing of polycarbonate can be realized by fluorocarbon plasma treatment. High-density recording can be expected by nanometer-scale processing of fluorocarbon plasma-treated polycarbonate.
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Tomokazu HARADA, Junji SHIBATA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0531
Published: August 22, 2001
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It would be significant to establish how to measure and evaluate mechanical properties of brittle materials such as Si mono-crystal, fine ceramics and glass, in order to know their machinability, wear properties, etc. In this paper, we tried to evaluate some mechanical properties of Si mono-crystal and glass by means of a load-displacement-type micro-hardness tester with spherical tip indenters, their radius being 20μm, 35μm and 55μm. In the micro-indentation tests, AE signal was detected at the same time for sensing fracture behavior. As a result, fracture behavior and mechanical properties of Si mono-crystal and the glass were able to be caught. Moreover, a possibility of the evaluation by the contact pressure was discussed.
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Masahiko YOSHINO, Naga Chandrasekaran, Ranga Komanduri, Takahiro Shira ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0532
Published: August 22, 2001
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This paper aims to simulate defect generation in a machining process of a sillicon wafer. This simulation is based on the meso-plasticity FEM system, where the crystalline plasticity theory is introduced. A new deferct generation mechanism that takes into account effects of dislocation pile up was proposed, and a criterion based on the defect mechanism was also introduce into the FEM simulation. An indentation and retraction process on a sillicon wafer was calculated. Results showed that defect density improves more in a retraction process than indentation process.
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Yukari NAKAZAWA, Hiroshi EDA, Libo ZHOU, Jun SHIMIZU
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0533
Published: August 22, 2001
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The removal unit in processing is substantially decreasing along with the miniaturization of industrial products. The bulk material is no longer a continuous solid body from a microscopic viewpoint. It is, therefore, important to understand the behavior of each component/element in micro tribology. In this study, an indentation and scratching test was performed on an annealed material S25C carbon steel. The phenomenon of ferrite and pearlite in the microscopic region is clarified, while the results are also extended to interpret microscopic phenomenon.
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Yoichi AKAGAMI, Koichi Asari, Toshio MIYAZKI, Toyohisa FUJITA, Noritsu ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0534
Published: August 22, 2001
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The unique phenomenon of accumulated abrasive particles has been invented, when subjected to A.C field applied, and improved to make a more effective polishing method. In this study, in order to obtain the high performance polishing condition, to be concerned with a experimental comparison of fluid dynamic of sinusoidal and rectangle electric waveform. This evaluation test was confirmed that applied a rectangle waveform to this functional fluid will be expected a increase in polishing effect.
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Hitomi YAMAGUCHI, Takeo SHINMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0535
Published: August 22, 2001
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Capillary tubes used in medical equipment are desired to have higher form accuracy and higher inner surface integrity as the improvement of the medical equipment rapidly progresses. In terms of the surface integrity, the capillary tubes need to have smoother inner surfaces to prevent impurities from contaminating. To reply to the demand, this research proposes a new magnetic field assisted micro-machining process. This paper presents the finishing principle and the experimental setup developed to demonstrate the principle. As a first trial, the machining characteristics were examined by the finishing experiments of plane surfaces. The experiments demonstrated the effects of the abrasive size on the changes in the surface roughness profiles with machining time, resulting in the feasibility of the process.
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Hironishi AICHI, Noritsugu UMEHARA, Koji KATO
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0536
Published: August 22, 2001
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Single crystal silicon balls with about 1mm of diameter are required for advanced semiconductor process. They were polished by magnetic fluid grinding. After 120 min of polishing time, sphericity and surface roughness of the ball decreased with polishing time and reached to 0.14 μm and 10 nmRa, respectively. Damaged layer by polishing was evaluated with Raman spectroscopy. The thickness of damaged layer by magnetic fluid grinding was less than 1 μm.
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Kazuya G. KOBAYASHI, Shogo SAKAI, Katsutoshi OOTSUBO, Miyuki FUJII
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0626
Published: August 22, 2001
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Tensegrity is a kind of building structure which is composed of strain parts and compression parts. A cell of living things is thought to have the similar structure, which enables to deform its shape according to the surroundings. We applies the tensegrity structure to a shape model for 3D free-form modeling; e.g., representation of flexible objects such as rubber hose, automatic shape generation between form features, etc. The purpose of our research is to show effectiveness of the tensegrity model for shape modeling.
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Ryo MORITSU, Hidefumi WAKAMATSU, Akira TSUMAYA, Keiichi SHIRASE, Eiji ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0627
Published: August 22, 2001
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Computational tools are needed in order to support designers at the conceptual design stage. At this stage, product information is described based on qualitative and incomplete information. In this paper, a method of qualitative representation to deal with qualitative information on a computer is proposed. By use of this method, the qualitative kinematic simulation system is developed. This system deals with both translational motion and rotational motion, and makes it possible to reason about mechanisms qualitatively. A mechanism of garbage truck which has both translational part and rotational part is shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of this system.
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Yusuke TANAKA, Hidefumi WAKAMATSU, Akira TSUMAYA, Keiichi SHIRASE, Eij ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0628
Published: August 22, 2001
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An approach to analysis of dynamic deformation of linear objects such as wires is presented. It is important because dynamical effects can not be neglected in quick manipulation of such deformable objects and their dynamic deformation is often utilized in order to manipulate them successfully. Firstly, the potential energy and the kinetic energy of a linear object are formulated by using Eulerian angles. Secondly, the equations of motion are derived by using Hamilton's principle. Thirdly, a procedure for calculating shape of deformed linear objects is proposed and some numerical examples of their dynamic deformation in 3-dimensional space are demonstrated. Finally, The validity of our proposed method is shown by experimental result, and it is found that it can be applied to the planning of manipulation utilizing dynamic deformation.
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Wakae KOZUKUE, Hideyuki MIYAJI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0629
Published: August 22, 2001
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The Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) neural network is applied to the defect identification problem for structures, which is important when constructing the mathematical model of structures. In this study the eigenmodes of a plate obtained from FEM and the location of the defect contained in that plate are used as the training deta for neural network and by giving the unlearned input data to the trained network the position of the defect is identified. As a result the better accuracy is obtained compared to the case obtained by the backpropagation neural network commonly used in the various papers.
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Susumu FUJII, Toshiya KAIHARA, Ryohei MIYAMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0630
Published: August 22, 2001
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Recently competition among enterprises has become severe because that not only the living standard of people has been improved but IT has advanced rapidly. Enterprises must have core competences and cooperate with other enterprises besides the domestic groups to win in the competition. To accomplish this object, a concept of Virtual Enterprise (VE) needs to be introduced. Partner search is one of the most essential issues to be solved in VE, because the VE will not operate correctly without the proper realization of partner search. We proposed a mechanism for partner search in this study by applying min-max strategy in the game theory. It has been proved by simulation results that the VE constructed by our mechanism can supply products whose price, due date and quality are stable.
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Toshiya KAIHARA, Kensuke MINAMI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0631
Published: August 22, 2001
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Supply chain management (SCM) is a concept to facilitate effective product/cash flow control in global manufacturing/distribution environments. Product allocation management in SCM is conventionally based on simple Theory of Constraints (TOG) concept, but that doesn't always provide efficient solutions. Contract mechanism based on human activities in economic markets solves the complex product distribution problem with flexibility and robustness. In this paper a new concept using multistage negotiation protocol with various utilities of contract agents is introduced so as to facilitate reasonable products allocation amongst various business units in SCM. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and detect further research subjects.
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Keiichi WATANUKI, Gen Okazaki
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0632
Published: August 22, 2001
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In recent years, the industrial structure of Japan is being greatly changed by the economic globalization of the economical and technical development of Asian countries and the advantage of the internet technology, and so on. In the foundational industry field in Japan, the manufacturing of the industrial product with sophisticated technology is required, and the challenge for the transmission of technology and skill becomes large problem. In this study, we proposes a method of skill transmission on the manufacturing of the casting that advanced skill and high quality, short delivery date, and so on are required. In this paper, the tacit and explicit knowledge of expert (skilled engineer) is expressed using the internet/multimedia technology. This method using SMIL/XML is useful as a method for transmitting the tacit and explicit knowledge of expert.
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Hiroshi HASEGAWA, Takami YAMAGUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0701
Published: August 22, 2001
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We have been developing a network based medical system called the Hyper Hospital. The Hyper Hospital is constructed on the computer and multi-media based network whose major human-machine-human interface is the virtual reality dedicated to the patients. In the present study, we developed a system extending the Hyper Hospital to an in-house home local area network (LAN) using World Wide Web as an interface. We developed home monitoring system that can measure body temperature of a patient and display the posture of the patient. We also developed a wearable system as a care support system.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0702
Published: August 22, 2001
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We have been developing a network based medical system called the Hyper Hospital. The Hyper Hospital is constructed on the computer and multi-media based network whose major human-machine-human interface is the virtual reality dedicated to the patients. In the present study, we developed a system extending the Hyper Hospital to an in-house home local area network (LAN) using World Wide Web as an interface and the medical care equipment named INUTA-net. The INUTA-net is a semi-automatic robot which looks like a puppet dog equipped with monitoring and communication interfaces which provides remote interactive monitoring facilities controlled by a distant caretaker through the network.
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Fumio MIZUNO, Takami YAMAGUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0703
Published: August 22, 2001
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We have been developing a network based medical system called the Hyper Hospital. The Hyper Hospital is constructed on the computer and multi-media based network whose major human-machine-human interface is the virtual reality dedicated to the patients. As the part of the development, we have been developing a wearable computer which enables the care workers and the patients to need care to operate the fundamental units constructed on the networks. And it is important for care workers and patients to operate the wearable computer by hands-free. In this study, we proposed the input interface, using the ocular potential generated by dipolar potential of eyeball, which enable to operate the wearable computer by hands-free input.
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Shuzo YAMAMOTO, Junichi KURATA, Hironobu UCHIYAMA, Mitsuko TSUNEMATSU
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0704
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Results of measurements and/or tests using the color information are ranked several levels, as an urinalysis paper in daily life. The judgment what rank the result indicates is decided by human, comparing a reacted urinalysis papers with the color samples. After we can change it for the quantity measurements based on a color measurement, it could be useful for us to care in home. We exchange the picture processing with RGB image for the picture processing with perceived color information. Because the picture processing with RGB image have complex and long time process, and the picture processing with perceived color information is a little influenced by change of illumination and so on. We propose color measurement with the picture processing with perceived color information, especially hue information. For applied example, we manufactured a reader of urinalysis papers for trial.
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Kazuki FUKADA, Shigeru TADANO, Naomi OHIZUMI, Norimasa IWASAKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0705
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes a method of the three-dimensional numerical analysis for the musculotendinous forces and joint reaction forces of the index finger and the thumb during the tip pinch and the precision grasp. The bones were modeled as massless rigid bodies, and each musculotendon was as a straight element from the origin to the insertion. A local orthogonal coordinate system at each joint was used to define the constraint forces and moments. Because the control mechanism of the finger is very complex, no musculotendon and joint reaction forces can be calculated by only the static equilibrium equations of forces and moments. The SQP method was applied as the non-linear optimization method to solve this statically indeterminate problem. The results obtained from this analysis gave good agreements with well-known physiological properties. The optimal finger position, at which the total of musculotendinous forces was the minimum, was determined during the tip pinch and the precision grasp. The findings are very important in understanding the functional anatomy and pathologic deformities involving the hand and developing a prosthetic design for finger joints.
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Satomi EBUKURO, Masaki HOSHINO, Kazunori UEKI, Tsuyoshi TAKANO, Toshia ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0706
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, the gait characteristics for the aged was investigated and analyzed to study the stumble factor during a low step ascending. The video camera system was developed to measure gaits and motion of joints and body segments. DLT technique was applied to determine the three dimensional motion. In particular, the orbital analysis of the toe and the kinetics and kinematics to across the slight difference in level were discussed. It was found from the result that the aged toe passed through the way that is close to floor, and the tow peaks characteristic in the orbital curve for aged disappeared.
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Yukiko ONO, Shigeaki MATSUO, Takashi MAEDA, Naoto SHIBA, Toshiyasu YAM ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0707
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Persons, particularly the aged, walking under the effects of central nerve paralysis experience numerous problems such as a violent fall and unstableness. We experimented with hemiplegics and persons with normal gaits using the Reciprocal Gait Orthosis (RGO) to clarify the effect of the RGO on walking. The improvement of walking characteristics using the RGO was observed by measuring three-dimensional movements and the ground reaction forces.
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Yoshitaka NAKANISHI, Hidehiko HIGAKI, Masato HANADA, Masaya ISHIKAWA, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0708
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The walker is the equipment for assisting the self-reliance walking. However, it has been indicated that there was a case in which the speed of the walker exceeded and that the condition was very dangerous. Newly developed walker solved the problem. The walker was mounted on braking system and the sensors which detected speed and gradient. Those functions were added and could be mounted to the general walker. The braking system operated in order to become optimum walking speed, when the speed exceeded. On the slope, the speed excess was previously prevented. On single-flow road such as the sidewalk, it was possible to push the walker straight. There was a function of the finer tuning in order to deal with personal equation.
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Keiji IMADO, Atsuyoshi MIURA, Masuji NAGATOSHI, Hiroomi MIYAGAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0709
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A rehabilitation device for lower limbs was developed. It aims a fusion of a rehabilitation machine and an amusement machine to stimulate the mental aspect of the subjects. It can be used as an amusement machine rather than an exercising machine for ordinary people. The machine simulates the motion of a log floating on the water. It is composed of a roller made of wood, some actuators and a personal computer as a controller. The roller is connected to a brake by which the rotation torque can be controlled according to the level of the locomotion of the subject. Either side of the roller can be moved up and down independently to simulate the motion of a log being tossed about by the various waves. The subject is supported in a special outfit for the sake of safety and unweighing.
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Hideki KAKUTA, Hironobu UCHIYAMA, Junichi KURATA, Sachiko MATSUDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0710
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The concern of the welfare machine has been increasing as the proportion of the aged people to the Japanese population is rapidly increasing owing to the medical development and the decrease of birthrate. The current-products in the market almost all have joysticks as the controller devices. Because the sensitivity of joysticks is seemed to be high for the human's operation, it could take a long time to become skilled in the control of electric wheelchair. In this report, we propose the new type of controller device, which has two input units for the turning control and the moving control individually. It would be expected that the operation of electric wheelchair is made easy and that the burden of aged people is reduced by the use of the proposed controller device.
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Mitsuhiro NOMURA, Norihisa TAKAHASI, Junichi KURATA, Hironobu UCHIYAMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0711
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Because of the increase of the proportion of the aged to the Japanese proportion, there will be on the increasing the number of users of the electric wheelchair. Therefore the necessity of study and development on operating support system of it would be required. We propose to apply the Haptic-joystick, which is equipped with force sense moderate function, to the operating device of the electric wheelchair. By using the support system with the Haptic-joystick, we can recognize the environment information from the sensor system as a sense of the resistance. Concurrently, we will integrates the sense with the environment information from our visual information and estimate the new control in put from these information. In this paper, we discuss the concept of the control-support system of electric wheelchair, on using the Haptic-joystick, and describe the mechanism of force sense moderator.
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Shoji MORIMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0712
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The joint function of HKAFO (hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses) for parapregia was measured and evaluated using gait analysing devices in level walking. Two types of HKAFO, Walkabout (inner side hip joint) and ARGO (advanced reciprocating orthosis, outer side hip joint), were used for four subjects during rehabilitation training over 3 months. Gait velocity, number of steps, PCI, ZMP trajectry, sequential foot steps, and hip rotation angle are evaluated, and some useful results for designing HKAFO of parapregia were obtained. Based on hese data, the function of each joint of HKAFO was examined.
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Kentaro YANAGI, Kenkichi OHBA, Tsutomu TAJIKAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0713
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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It is important to understand the interaction between deformable skin surface of creatures and its surrounding flow field. We have carried out this study using various cylinder models having elasto-flexible surface to clarify the interaction. The deformation of the surface and the flow field around the model were observed using a laser light sheet visualization method. The visualization result showed that there were three different kinds of traveling waves generated on the surface of all cylinder models, namely, continuously-occurring wave, periodically-occurring wave, randomly-occurring wave at high-speed stream. Especially, periodically-occurring wave was observed to occur at every Karman vortex shedding from the cylinders. The experimental results indicated that frequency of the traveling wave was proportional to neary Re^<0.67>. The traveling velocities were nearly 60〜80% of the main flow velocities in their magnitude. In the case of the continuously-occurring wave pressure waveform in inner fluid had the same frequency as the traveling wave. In the periodically-occurring wave, the frequency was equal to that of Karman vortex shedding.
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Satoshi SHIMAWAKI, Masashi SHIMIZU
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0714
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper investigated a flow downstream of a contraction with a branching using numerical analysis in detail. Software for calculating flow field is Star-CD programmed by finite differential method. The Investigation is carried out two points as a parameter of a flow ratio below; (1) the flow downstream of a contraction, (2) the pressure distribution. The calculation results showed that the flow ratio is greatly effected to the investigated points. Especially, as the reverse flow to the upstream is investigated using the fluid path which starts from the inlet of branching, with the increase in the flow ratio, the inlet area which generated the reverse flow is decreased. The fluid near the wall toward the contraction in the branching always reverses to the upstream. From the investigation of the wall pressure distribution on the main tube, with the increase in the flow ratio, the pressure loss caused by the flow juncture is increased.
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Koji TSUYUKI, Seiichi SUDO, Yoshiyasu ITO, Toshiaki IKOHAGI
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0715
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes the results of measuring of three-dimensional curved shape of the dragonfly wing and the experiments of velocity field around a dragonfly wing. The curved shape of the wing was measured by the three-dimensional optical shape measuring system. The surface shapes of the dragonfly wing were clarified by this system with accuracy of μm order. Velocity field around a dragonfly wing was measured by a 3D-PIV system with a small wind tunnel. The wing cut off from the body was set on the trestle, and the wing was set in the wind tunnel. The characteristics of the flow around the dragonfly wing in the uniform air stream was revealed by the 3D-PIV system.
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Youji NIMI, Kenkichi OHBA, Kiyoshi BANDO, Daisuke YAMASHITA
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0716
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In bronchus asthma which is a pulmonary chronic disease due to a kind of chornic bronchitis, spasmodically narrowing of the airway happens and breathing becomes difficult, it may lead to death. It is necessary to investigate its mechanism. The interesting characteristic of asthma airway is that its buckling consists of approximately 8 to 15 folds into the airway lumen. It is considered to be caused by rapid constriction of smooth muscle. We paid attention to a rapid change in the transmural pressure instead of the constriction of smooth muscle. We used collapsible tubes which are soft and easy to be collapsed as a model of the airway. We made an apparatus which gave a sudden increase in the pressure outside the tube, and visualized the shape of the cross-section of the tube by a laser sheet method.
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Kenichi HANAZONO, Kenkichi OHBA, Kiyoshi BANDO, Atsushi SAKURAI, Taday ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-0717
Published: August 22, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Using a flexible pressure catheter, we investigated the relationship between local cross-sectional area and local internal pressure in highly deformed collapsible tube during self-excited oscillation. We measured the cross-sectional shape of the collapsible tube during self-excited oscillation at several different positions along the tube using a laser light sheet and a high speed video camera. At the same time, internal pressure of the tube was measured using a flexible pressure catheter. This catheter was inserted in the tube from the downstream rigid tube end. The results showed that the amplitude of the wave form of cross-sectional area became smaller from downstream to upstream position in the upstream region from the most highly collapsed position. Wave forms of internal pressure and cross sectional area had two peaks during one period of the oscillation.
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