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Published: September 15, 2006
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Article type: Index
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A1-A10
Published: September 15, 2006
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Kuniyoshi FUJIHASHI, Takashi WATANABE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 301
Published: September 15, 2006
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In order to construct the security environment that watches suspicious objects and the ubiquitous environment that prevents object's mislayings, we developed a searching system "Where is that?" This system recognizes movements of objects at events when the objects are placed or moved by persons, then it saves the history of the movements. Motions of persons and motions of the objects made by persons are distinguished certainly, and only motions of objects moved by persons are recognized. This means that unnecessary histories produced by persons' motions are sharply reduced. This system consists of broad area cameras and local area cameras connected on a network. Therefore they are useful for security.
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Shuji TAKIMOTO, Shigeru KUCHII
Article type: Article
Session ID: 302
Published: September 15, 2006
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This study concerns constructing a system which can control the attitude of a robot by Visual Information Technology (VIT). One content is the construction of High Speed Visual Feedback System for robot control. The other is the creation of the program which controls the attitude of a robot with this system. An image sensor, the Vision Chip(VC), was used for attainment of High Speed Visual Feedback System. The inverted pendulum (IP) was used as a controlled object. The feature is that VC is directly attached to a pendulum arm. In conclusion, it was showed that IP can be stabilized by this System.
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Shinya HARAMAKI, Ryo UEHARA, Yusaku NAKASHIMA, Toshifumi SATAKE, Akihi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 303
Published: September 15, 2006
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This paper deals with the motion control method based on decentralized system architecture for improving motion flexibility and operation usage of multi-joined redundant manipulator. The method designs manipulator control system as a sort of cooperative system by a set of component controllers connected under a network. Component controller is a basic module to control motion of a rotational joint corresponding to each joint of manipulator. Adequate manipulator motion for motion request is tailored cooperatively by component controllers independently performed through interaction of each joint motion. Numerical simulations in terms of end-effector path control with posture control have been executed for seven-linked articulated manipulator, and the capability of the method is discussed as well as feasibility of the method.
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Shinya NISHIKAWA, Haruo Sakamoto
Article type: Article
Session ID: 304
Published: September 15, 2006
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This research aims to develop a planetary exploration robot. This exploration robot is an explorer used for rover inquiry. This robot to develop in this research aims for shortening time of planetary probe by efficiently moving at high speed over an unknown planet. Therefore, we are developing mainly the movement mechanism. In this research, we are to achieve an aim by combining leg type mechanism with wheel type mechanism. The report describes the development situation as follows.
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Kazunori KAEDE, Tooru NOGAI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 305
Published: September 15, 2006
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We select three-legged robot to study passive walk. The robot consists of one leg and one pair of crutches. Leg has a knee joint and an ankle joint. The model of this robot is similar to biped robot in the lateral plane. First, the robot land crutches to the ground and then swing its leg forward. In crutches support phase, the robot behavior is passively because crutch tips are passive joints. Therefore angular velocity at the beginning of crutches support phase decide crutch tip trajectory throughout that phase. This research describes angular momentum condition to achieve continuous walk on level ground and apply to the actual crutches-type walking robot.
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Tooru NOGAI, Kazunori KAEDE, Tatsuo FUJIMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 306
Published: September 15, 2006
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Here, we present mechanics of the crutches-type walking robot. This walking robot is made up two crutches and one leg mechanics. Walking patterns consist of two phase. One is leg support phase and another is crutches support phase. As this robot has passive joint at tip of the crutch, in crutches support phase, it behaves like a passive dynamic walking. We propose mechanics of leg that is composed of passive joint at knee as well as at tip of crutch, and show the result of the dynamical analysis and simulation that regard this walking robot as pendulum model of four link mechanism.
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Konosuke ARATA, Noboru SUGIMOTO, Keshi YAYAMA, Shota NISHIMURA, Takato ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 307
Published: September 15, 2006
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The robot came to take an active part by our living space now. The reason why the market of the service robot is not formed is that there is a problem in safety. An international standard shows the systematization of PLP, and the service robot should satisfy the demand of an international standard. In safety contact, it is necessary to evade contact which gives the unpleasantness not to mention not giving human injury as much as possible, too. In this study, it proposes a peculiar safety concept of the service-robot which passes globally based on an international standard.
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Shota NISHIMURA, Noboru SUGIMOTO, Konosuke ARATA, Takatoshi HAMAMOTO, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 308
Published: September 15, 2006
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The first report says robot industry will be the markets scale of 8 trillion yen even the expectation until 2025. But, service robot which got it off researcher's hands does not take an active part in the markets. The reason why the market of the service robot is not formed is that there is a problem in safety. To this problem, engineers in our county have to do an immediate, global correspondence. We propose safety concept is to avoid not only injured contact, painful contact too, and show one of example of impact experiment. This paper demonstrates the possible of our safety concept.
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Naoki FUJII, Yoshihiro KAI, Koichi KOGANEZAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 309
Published: September 15, 2006
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Along with the steadily rising elderly population in Japan, the number of aged persons with difficulties in walking is increasing. These patients undergo rehabilitation in hospitals which impose a constant and heavy burden upon the health care personnel who must assist them. For patients to rehabilitate by themselves, a walking support machine is needed that can prevent them from falling down. This paper proposes a walking support machine with a safety device to prevent falling down. This safety device consists of mechanical components without actuators. The usefulness of this device is experimentally examined.
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Yoshihiro KAI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 310
Published: September 15, 2006
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This paper describes a design of a wearable sensor system that measures ground reaction forces of human by using flexible tactile sensors. First, the design concept is discussed. Second, on the basis of the concept, the sensor system is proposed and developed. Finally, the usefulness of the sensor system is experimentally examined.
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Takuya KATOH, Satoshi TAKEZAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 311
Published: September 15, 2006
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The development of the artificial arm without special training is desired to the handicapped person who is inconvenient for arms and feet in himself. In order to improve the controllability of the artificial arm, we prepare for the three themes as follows: First stage: The simplification of attachment and removal. Second stage: The abolition of equipment like a back pack installed battery. Third stage: Easier controllability with healthy arm or hand. In this paper we discuss the usefulness of the soothing processing for the high frequency of alternative signal for H8 microcomputer utilities. As a result we succeed the PWM control directly from the measurement of Electromyogram signal.
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Tomoyuki SAITO, Tadao KAGIWADA, Hiroyuki HARADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 312
Published: September 15, 2006
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We developed an earthworm robot that is made from a shape memory alloy called BioMetal (trademark of TOKI CORPORATION) and uses polyester braided tube as an actuator. BioMetal is a current-driven type fiber-like solid-state actuator which is structured by special fabrication method from a Ti-Ni shape-memory alloy. We used BioMetal Helix (BMX) series to get contraction force. It becomes stiff like a piano wire and sharply contracts 100-200% of the length, when current fed through it. To get extension force, we use polyester braided tube. It spreads to between 1.5 and 4 times its width under pressure. It is used to protect wires essentially, but we aimed at the extension force to recover original width. Finally, we realized a motion like earthworm by connecting four flexible units and controlling flexible timing by the microcomputer.
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Koji TAJIMA, Akitoshi ITOH
Article type: Article
Session ID: 313
Published: September 15, 2006
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In this research, the possibility of motor-spring series connection type biomimetic actuator was investigated. The motion of the joint angle is controlled by two D.C. motor through each spring. In the previous report, The autohors investigated how to jump in the conditions that starts from the full close position or from the standing position using bending and stretching reaction. The properties of the continuous jumping and soft landing by this actuator were also investigated. To get the optimal scheme, however, was difficult during so many probabilities. In this study, the optimal scheme of jumping action using bending and stretching reaction was investigated. the scheme is as follows. (1) When closing the joint, the joint is controlled as if the upper parts is in the free fall condition. (2) The full volgate was applied to the motor for jumping on the timing that the closing upper and lower parts does not collide and the rest of the angle is minimum when the actuator was transit from closing to opening. (3) After that, the motor was fully powered until the bottom of the actuator is taken off the floor. (4) After the takeoff, Actuator was braking to avoid the reverseness of the joint. The authors are now investigating the optimal scheme of the continuous jumping.
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Yuuki SUGIYAMA, Akitoshi ITOH, Shinzo MANMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 314
Published: September 15, 2006
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Recent innovation of the robot deboning technology is remarkable. Now in Japan, 70% of deboned chicken thigh meat in the market is processed by the deboning robot, "Toridas". The robot deboning of pork or beef, however, is still difficult because of their complexness and strong combination of meat and bone. This paper describes new intelligent cutter for pre-deboning process of pork shoulder meat, which has not been automated in robot deboning. In the previous research, the authors made the cutting process of the tendon and the periostea on a bone in the condition that a cutter was set perpendicularly to a bone (perpendicular cutting process), and the process which cutter was guided along the bone (parallel cutting process) was investigated how to control automatically in the both processes. In this study, the joint separation process was developed with sensing the position of the joint by the cutter itself (a joint separation process). The process which cuts off the periosteum of the backside of the scapula was also developed. This process is very important to remove the scapula without meats in its backside. After all, the prospect for the full-automatic pre-deboning was obtained through these studies.
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Yoshihiko KAWAZOE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 315
Published: September 15, 2006
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There is no robot around us in our society at the current stage and also there will be no robot in the future if we define a robot as an autonomous machine working in the arena of offices, homes, and disaster sites, etc. outside the factories and continue the present conventional research and development (R & D) style in robot projects. It seems that the emergence of intellectuality in an autonomous robot exists in the dexterity of human or creatures as complex systems. This paper proposed the research style and the development procedure along this approach for realization of a real intelligent robot. We call this Human-Robotics, where robots and engineers should learn and develop in collaboration with each other in the real world on the basis of the dexterity of nature, life and human. We realized the simple self-sustained humanlike robust walking & running NANBA of humanoid biped robot GENBE based on distributed control of physical body in a martial art utilizing instability without ZMP (Zero Moment Point) control, which uses only small active power with simple chaotic limit cycle utilizing instability, further developing into autonomous walking & running. Instability makes the natural movement. We also investigated the approach to the emergence of the intelligence of an autonomous robot for breaking through the problems of the conventional intelligent robot with SMPA (Sense-Model- Plan- Act) framework in the real world. It is based on the development of human's dexterity or proficient skills with Subsumption Architecture (SA) by learning in the real world.
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Yoshihiko KAWAZOE, Kazuomi HARADA, Tomofumi SUNAGA, Takamasa MOMOI, Yu ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 316
Published: September 15, 2006
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We proposed in the previous paper the concept of Human-Robotics, where robots and engineers should learn and develop in collaboration with each other in the real world on the basis of the dexterity of nature, life and human. We showed in this paper as the case studies the simple self-sustained humanlike robust walking & running NANBA of humanoid biped robot GENBE based on distributed control of physical body in a martial art utilizing instability without ZMP (Zero Moment Point) control, which uses only small active power with simple chaotic limit cycle utilizing instability, further developing into autonomous walking & running. Instability makes the natural movement. We also showed the case study of an autonomous robot without SMPA (Sense- Model- Plan- Act) framework. It is based on the development of human's dexterity or proficient skills with Subsumption Architecture (SA) by learning in the real world.
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Susumu TOKURA, Masakazu HARA, Keijiro YAMAMOTO, Toshihiro YOSHIMITSU
Article type: Article
Session ID: 317
Published: September 15, 2006
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An assist system for the motion of the waist has been investigated in order to reduce the load acting on the waist when lifting up or down weights. This prototype assist suit employs air actuators with a multi-joint frame for the purpose of achieving proper fitting to the human body. The electro-myogram (EMG) signal obtained from the lower back is used in order to control the pressure of the air actuators. A basic assessment of the assist system has been performed, and results indicate that the amplitude of the EMG signals obtained from the lower back decrease significantly when our assist system is activated.
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Tooru NOGAI, Ryuji YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 318
Published: September 15, 2006
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This paper proposes a method of detecting the ground floor in hallway for electric wheelchair. And we also propose a method of measuring the distance between the ostacle and wheelchair and obstacle width by using single monochromatic camera and a supersonic sensor. The algorithm detecting ground floor is based on the assumption that the ground floor doesn't have any remarkable pattern. We use edged images to detect borderline between the ground floor plane and the obstacle. Then we could obtain good results in real environment using this simple image processing method. And we show the result of measured obstacle width.
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Yusuke FUJII, Tatsushi TOKUYASU, Motoji YAMAMOTO, Kazutoshi OKAMURA, K ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 319
Published: September 15, 2006
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Radiographic images are practically used in dental clinic. In particular, intraoral radiography is more commonly used to diagnose dental diseases. A training simulator for intraoral radiograph we have developed enables trainees to practice this radiographic method, where X-ray and film are unnecessary. This simulator consists of a gypseous dental model, the lab-made devices in order to site indicator cone and film. The computer simulates the radiographic image drawn in the positional relationship between, the dental model, film, and indicator cone. In this paper, we embed a function to evaluate the simulation image to the simulator. Then, the fundamental functions of this training system are discussed.
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Tadaaki IKEHARA, Takanobu Tamiya, Naoki Fukaya, Kenichi Shimazaki, Eii ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 320
Published: September 15, 2006
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Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are used in people who have difficulty of working as ankle contracture splints and foot drop splints. Although utilization of AFOs has been expanding, it is still questionable if functions and structures of AFOs are suitable. In this paper, a new active ankle-foot orthosis (AAFO), which is dynamically controlled linked with muscle activities, is proposed. To discuss functions of the AAFO, using the electromyographies (EMGs), muscle activities during dynamic balancing of a body and changing of muscle activities with fatigue are considered. As the results, it's shown that to assist femoris muscles additionally to the tibialis anterior muscle is important as the function of the AAFO.
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Youichi KAINO, Masafumi MIWA, Noriyuki MATSUDA, Kenjiro HASHIDUME
Article type: Article
Session ID: 321
Published: September 15, 2006
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In this study, we develope a wheel chair robot system based on a electric wheel chair. Line trace system and visible light communication system are attached to the electric wheel chair to improve its user-friendliness. Line trace system is a simple and reliable control method. It is robust when its wheels slip, because it uses traveling rail. Visible light communication is a communication technology which using visible light blinking. In this system, LED illumination lamp is used to send data by high frequency blinking. And the blinking frequency is so high that human can not recognize the blinking, and it can do illuminate and send data simultaneously. Visible light communication system is used to get current robot position by communicating with landmark (i.e., LED illumination lump). The wheel chair robot system can travel to the destination automatically by selecting the route with these system.
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Makoto SASAKI, Kazuo KIGUCHI, Noriyuki ISHIDA, Masaaki MAWATARI, Takao ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 322
Published: September 15, 2006
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Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is performed to replace all or part of the hip joint with an artificial joint for patients who have rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis of the hip joint. In this paper, we propose a hip joint motion simulator for the analysis of dislocation and wear of the artificial hip joint. A DC servo motor and six linear actuators (parallel mechanism) have used to construct the simulator that can generate the desired joint angles and contact forces for the daily life motion. The input signals for the simulator are collected by using human motion analysis based on 3 dimensional musculo-skeletal model and motion capture system.
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Ryoichi TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 323
Published: September 15, 2006
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This paper describes the FEM modeling of the automatic machine that consists of linear-motion guides, ball screws, bearings and structural parts. Because the linear guide consists of balls and rails, this FEM model will be very complicated. The machine uses many linear guides, so the simulation will be too cost. The solution of this problem is to device simple FEM model of linear guides, ball screws and etc. We have designed the simple FEM model of the linear guides and ball screws. By using these models the dynamic simulation of whole machines will be possible.
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Tomohiro SHIMODA, Kazuhiro TSURUTA, Takashi FUJIMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 324
Published: September 15, 2006
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This paper describes a novel identification technique of the moment of inertia and the viscous friction coefficient for a servo drive system. It is developed based on the basic dynamic equation of a mechanical system, and the torque reference of a speed controller and the actual rotating speed of machine are used for the identification. Regardless of the simplicity of the techniques it is robust to external disturbances. The identified inertia and viscous friction can be used for auto-tuning of the gains in the speed controller, the speed observer, and the disturbance observer. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by the experimental results using Uniaxial slide system.
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Hiroshi YOSHIKAWA, Tadao KAGIWADA, Hiroyuki HARADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 325
Published: September 15, 2006
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The present study develops a new propulsion mechanism based on the inertial force. This mechanism is not a pushing away of the land surface but is based on a pulsating lateral inertial force a arising fiom a by shaking mass, and through the difference between the friction coefficient equivalent according to the direction on the ground surface. On this report the dynamic characteristic of the promotion mechanism has been simulated to study relation between the shaking mass and the direction of ground elements.
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Yuudai ISHITA, Satoshi TAKEZAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 326
Published: September 15, 2006
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Considering about the space development in the future, the member of institute of technology should play a key role. There are a lot of researchers taking part in the investigation for space and spreading the study and business chance recently. We will install the several equipments in the satellite. But without passing through the low vibration effect zone at the launching state, our preliminary mission can not be performed. In this paper, we imaged the size of satellite is twenty centimeters cube and discuss the optimum structure design regarding to the analysis of the natural frequency.
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Kouhei FUJII, Yuuji YOKOTA, Satoshi TAKEZAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 327
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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At the steep slope condition, the electric wheelchair has a serious problem for driving itself. Unstable driving performance dose not be satisfied by the senior person's usability. In this paper, we examined the effect of slope for slow speed driving wheelchair which has two order system of transfer function. The control method is PID control and motor speed correspond to variation of slop gradient is controlled. We appear the disturbance like a slop condition can be eliminated at the optimum design which locate the disturbance between plant and controller.
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Satoshi TAKEZAWA, Takumi KONDO, Yutarou NARITA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 328
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The 2-DOF control system has an advantage to make some standard which are the traceability for the desired value and the suppression for the disturbance. For example the pneumatic motor system for the axial piston type is applied to determine the position for the desired value. In this paper the safety control system of the avoiding impact is designed and it is expected to protect the unintentional accident like a falling down on the frozen sidewalk while walking by using the wearable sensors. The simulation results is discussed by the new proposal control design which is constructed by the stable merge with the loop transfer function.
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Shoko TOMATSU, Kazuki TAKAHASHI, Takatoshi UMENO, Toshiaki HARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 501
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Rapid Prototyping (RP) technique is widely used to the development of industrial and medical products including biomedical instruments. The clinical applications of the technique to model surgery are reported more favorably in some papers. However, the model to make the model with high precision it is significantly and tednically difficult. In this study, we tried to propose the appropriate measures that can be taken to prevent development of osteoporosis and performed fragile evaluation using RP technology weakness evaluation 3 of the osteoporosis that we used RP technology for in an axial direction. The results show that careful preoperative planning and experience are important factors in achieving successful results.
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Koubai Kin, Tamotsu Tamaki, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Tsutomu Akazawa
Article type: Article
Session ID: 502
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The FEM (Finite Element Method) model to simulate the reconstructive surgery of scoliosis from the point of structure mechanics was developed. The method to obtain the personal data of each vertebral geometry and configuration from the CT image of the patient was investigated. Each vertebral FEM model representing any vertebral level including lumbar and thoracic spines is composed of 100 nodal points and 34 solid elements. The connective structure between vertebrae is formed by nonlinear springs that represent their joint structures including facet joints, intervertebral discs and ligaments. The developed spinal model is composed of solid elements for vertebrae, shell element for rib, sternum, cartilage and nonlinear spring elements for connective structures. The operation simulation of three scoliosis patients was done and the Cobb angles between X-ray photo and the model of them were compared. The result shows that the average of difference of their Cobb angles between them was 7.0 (SD:3.8) degrees in post-operation.
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Kentaro YAJI, Shunichi KAWANO, Hirofumi SENTOKU, Kimihiko NAKANO, Kazu ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 503
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The simulation that uses the finite element method aiming at the clarification of the appearance of disease mechanism of the cervical spondylotic myelopathy and the grasp of the stress of spinal cord for the treatment method selection is being done now. However, a necessary dynamic characteristic of pia matter of the spinal cord has not been elucidated enough. In this study, pig's dynamic characteristic of pia matter was obtained. And, the state of the stress of spinal cord was analyzed by the FEM simulation that assumed the spinal cord pressure by making of the ligament thickening.
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Masaru WATANABE, Kazuya FUJITA, Yutaku KANETA, Toshiaki HARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 504
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Various veterinary techniques are applied to the animal fracture treatment. However, it seems to be significantly difficult for the clinical applicability of veterinarian treatment to the pelvis fracture of a small house pet because of slender anatomic bones. In this paper, a new fixational device for the small house pet is developed and evaluated biomechanically.
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Dai WATANABE, Kohei YUGE, Tetsuya NISHIMOTO, Shigeyuki MURAKAMI, Hiroy ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 505
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, head impact simulations subjected to high accelerations were conducted. HIC (Head Injury Criteria) known as one of the most popular evaluation index for a head injury, WSTC (Wayne State Tolerance Curve) and JHTC (Japan Head Tolerance Curve) have been proposed based on limitations of the cerebral concussion. However, they are empirical indices and the relation between the damage of the brain tissue and these indices have not been clarified well. So we calculated the dynamic behaviors of a human head subject to impact accelerations and investigated the relationship between the stresses in the brain stem area, which is considered to be the center of consciousness and several head tolerance curves. The obtained results represented the stress time integration value at the brain stem area is almost constant in any calculated point on JHTC.
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Yuichi ITO, Nobuyuki SIMOMURA, Kazunori FURUKAWA, Eiji NAKAMARI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 506
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to examine the head injury and the injury level by using the dynamic explicit finite element (FE) method. Until mow, several brain injury models, which are used for head collision analysis, have been proposed. Although the brain injury model consists of over 10,000 FE, only a little information exists concerning the explicit modeling of the cerebral blood vessels. In this study, a multi-scale analysis by using a brain organ micro FE model, which in obtained by dividing one the macro head FE, was carried out by employing the velocities on the boundary of the micro FE method, which are provided by macro FE crash analyses.
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Nobuyuki SHIMOMURA, Yuichi ITO, Kazunori FURUKAWA, Eiji NAKAMACHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 507
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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When the human head is loaded by the translational acceleration in the traffic accident, the human brain is damaged at the crash side and the counter side (i.e., coup and contre-coup brain injuries). The purpose of this study is to investigate a generation mechanism of coup and contre-coup brain injury and to develop a prediction method of the brain injury at the nerve cell level by using the finite element method (FEM). We carried out a multi-scale crash simulation by using a macroscopic head model and a microscopic nerve cell model. We investigated the hydrostatic pressure distribution in nerve cell. The results show the availability of our multi-scale analysis.
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Jonas A. PRAMUDITA, Yusuke MIYAZAKI, Sadayuki UJIHASHI, Masaaki MOCHIM ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 508
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Many studies and analyses of head injury mechanisms under translational and rotational impact, using Finite Element (FE) simulation, have been carried out. However, most of them did not consider the individual differences of head shapes. In this study, Head FE Models that represent Japanese male head shapes were constructed using statistical analysis and shape transformation method. Translational impact, rotational impact and combinations of these were applied to the models to determine the influence of individual differences of head shape on brain responses. These differences have significant effects on the pressure and shear stress responses of the brain. Difference of maximum and minimum values of the responses cannot be neglected in comparison to the brain injury thresholds reported before. In combinations of translational and rotational impact simulations, significant increases in coup and contrecoup pressures were also confirmed.
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Sigeru AOMURA, Yuelin ZHANG, Masao Watari, Satoshi Fujiwara, Akiyosi N ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 509
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The mechanism of coup contusion and contrecoup contusion are studied with basic impact experiment and FEM analysis. The time taken until the deflection of the shell reached opposite side was close to the natural period of the water filled container and the frequency of fluctuation of internal pressure was equal to the natural frequency of object. The three-dimensional finite element human head model was made with tetrahedron solid elements from MRI data are used. Some parameters of the impact loading for constant impulse and constant energy shocks of variable force duration are prepared, and intracranial pressure of the impact side and the opposite side of the impact are simulated. The results, when duration is short, high frequency appears, too. And, when duration is long, low frequency appears only.
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Junichi Takano, Shigeru AOMURA, [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
Session ID: 510
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A lot of handicapped people feel endangered when they travel in the vehicle with them sitting on the wheelchair. But no safety standard is applied to the handicapped people sitting on the in-vehicle wheelchair during driving. The object in this study is to make models to simulate the behavior of handicapped people on the wheelchair. Human body sitting on the wheelchair is expressed by a link segment model of two degrees of the freedom with muscle reflection in which Hills' muscle models are applied and muscle activity is modeled. The carriage on which the wheelchair is fixed and handicapped people sat on the wheelchair was run into the fixed rigid wall through shock absorber. The cervical angle and muscle activity were measured and they are compared with the simulation result.
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Ryuuji OOTANI, Chinmoy PAL
Article type: Article
Session ID: 511
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In the present study, the typical crush strength in quasi-static loading condition of the present automobile roof and B-pillar structure was estimated with the provision of FMVSS216 by a detailed finite element model which include minute details of roof-rail, spot welds, etc. FE simulations revealed that accurate glass strength estimation is necessary to accurately predict the inflection point, i.e., the start of the flat horizontal part of the load- displacement curve as seen in experiment. Like perfect pseudo-static test, elimination or compensation of the kinetic energy during large deformation region after the above mentioned inflection point, by incorporating equivalent increase in static energy is one of the simplest way to keep an energy conversion balance of external work to internal absorbed energy.
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Shinichiro MAEDA, Etsunori FUJITA, Yumi OGURA, Shigehiko KANEKO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 512
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, a system which can monitor a car driver's biological condition and warn the driver of drowsiness is being proposed. Many researchers have presented evidence that biological signals like brain waves, pulsation waves, and cardiac beat, are different between a wakeful state and a sleep state. However, current systems to measure those signals are assumed to be used in a laboratory or with invasive monitoring. We report on an Air-pressure sensor which is a noninvasive, biological signal-gathering sensor which goes on the car seat. It can measure body signal through the buttocks using a pulse wave-measuring instrument and a strain-type respiration-measuring device.
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Tadashi SHIBUE, Takashi HAYAMI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 513
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A simplified numerical simulation model to evaluate the transient behavior of a standing passenger within a vehicle at accidental collision is presented. A passenger in such a condition may fall down, and collide with a wall or a floor. The applied force may cause severe injury, as a result. Only a few preceding study has been focused on the behavior of standing passengers in a vehicle at collision. This study focuses on the behavior of the human body of a standing passenger at collision. A 3D human body model for quick simulation is proposed. Based on the model, the results of simulation are presented to show the effects of a hand strap.
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Mitsugu TODO, Shota YAMAGUCHI, Ryuji NAGAMINE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 514
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A 3D-FEM model was developed to analyze a failure problem of nail used for fixation of humerus fracture. Stress concentration was analyzed under bending and torsion, and it was found that the maximum stress concentration took place around the circular hole that was the actual fracture point of the broken nail. It was also found that bending deformation mode gave more severe stress concentration than torsional mode. It was thus thought that the fracture of the nail occurred under bending condition during hard movement of injured humerus.
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Kouhei MURASE, Fuyuhiko MORITA, Ryuichi YAMANE, Akihiro OKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 515
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study investigated the influence of modeling which was changed meshing style, accuracies of contour shape, material properties and the size of finite elements in order to simulate mechanical behavior during impact loading conditions for biomechanical simulation. Three-dimensional finite element models of a human knee joints were constructed which were consisted of cortical, cancellous bone, articular cartilage and meniscus. An Impact loading were performed to the models and the behavior of the models were observed. Simulation results showed that the shape fidelities and the element aspect were more effective to keep accuracy of time dependent behaviors of model than the amount of element and material nonlinearities.
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Yuutaku KANETA, Hidetomo KOGURE, Takatoshi UMENO, Toshiaki HARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 516
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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An understanding of how biological tissues including bone, ligaments and muscles respond to loads that cause the damage. This study attempts to provide a state of the human body look at the applied biomechanics of accidental injury causation and prevention. The simple experiments were made to study dynamically mechanical properties of the hog lower extremities subjected to side impact loading. Results were made comparison with those by Kajzer et al. It is shown that the experimental results is significantly dependent upon impact velocity.
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Sota YAMAMOTO, Eiichi TANAKA, Takeshi IKEDA, Yoichi FURUYAMA, Koji MIZ ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 517
Published: September 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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To clarify the mechanism of hip fracture and investigate the method of fracture prevention, we developed a fall simulation system which considers the boundary conditions at real fall accidents using a multibody-finite element hybrid model. The hybrid model consists of a detailed finite element model of thigh and hip joint, and multibody model of the other parts of a whole human body. The simulation results showed that knee grounding fall caused hip fracture risk higher than the risk by a lateral impact on the greater trochanter. By comparing the regions of stress concentration, we estimated that a knee grounding causes a cervical fracture while a trochanter grounding may cause a trochanteric fracture.
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