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Published: September 04, 2004
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Article type: Appendix
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Published: September 04, 2004
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Tomoyuki SAITO, Tomoyuki MIYASHITA, Masatomo INUI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2815
Published: September 04, 2004
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In the mechanical design problems, the design variables that designers can be satisfied have to be derived using as the optimization method and the satisfying designing method. However, in order to grasp the influence to the performance (objective function) and conditions (constraints) that each parameter does, the value of design variables is often changed manually and repeating examination. This is called Parameter Study. In this paper, in order to perform a Parameter Study usually, We have developed the Parameter Study Tool using SD-Graphics. We have confirmed the usefulness of the parameter study Tool, though some numerical examples.
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Naofumi MATSUMOTO, Yutaka SHIRAI, Kohei KIKUTA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2816
Published: September 04, 2004
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We have developed a PC cluster connecting two or more PCs that enable high-speedcalculation processing. The layout problem is an important problem generate d in many fields,such as placement of shops and the machines in a factory. The number of combinations ofplacement increases explosively with the increase in the number of placing elements, i.e., theproblem is NP-hard. In this paper, we consider application of genetic algorithms to the layo utproblem placing shops with variable aspect ratios. Then, we try to evaluate the two types ofparallel GA, i.e., distributed GA and master slave type GA, based on numerical e xperimentation.Finally, it is shown that distributed GA is more efficient than master slave type GA.
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Masashi YAMAUCHI, Yayoi MURASE, Kazuhiro IZUI, Shinji NISHIWAKI, Masat ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2817
Published: September 04, 2004
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Space satellite design generally involves multidisciplinary collaboration process. This paper discusses a practical application ofa systematic design optimization approach to the design of a small satellite called "Micro-LabSat" The satellite design problem hastwo sub design problems, a component arrangement problem and a structural design problem, and the features of these twoproblems are entirely different since the component arrangement problem involves discrete design variables such as the positions ofthe components, while the structural design problem has continuous design variables such as the dimensions of the parts. Therefore,a bi-level optimization procedure is applied First, two sublevel optimization problems for the sub design problems are solved Then,the satellite-level optimization problem that considers all factors is solved using the sublevel optimal solutions as initial points foroptimization. The bi-level optimization scheme presented here provides an efficient search procedure, and offers optimal solutions inshort calculation times.
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Satoru Inoue, Syunichirou Yasuda, Keisuke Takeshita, Yoshiharu Amano, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2818
Published: September 04, 2004
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This paper presents the optimal plan in an assumption co-generation system based on Advanced Co-generation system built on Kikui-cho campus and suggest the introductory technique of co-generation system. At first, we analyzed the change in a year of the electric power and cooling demand in a typical consumer and completed the assumption model by formulizing. In the hospital, the hotel, etc., it was checked that electric power and cooling demand have the high correlation with outside temperature, and the maximum temperature in one day is effective as an explanation variable especially. We verified about the optimal planning according to the consumer using this assumption demand.
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Satoshi GAMOU, Koichi ITO, Ryohei YOKOYAMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2819
Published: September 04, 2004
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The trade-off relationship between two economic viewpoints of the annual total cost and the payback period is investigated for the installation of cogeneration systems. For this purpose, a multiobjective optimal unit sizing method is proposed based on e-constratint and fractional programming methods. In this method, design variables such as numbers and capacities of equipment and utility maximum contract demands are determined so as to minimize both the annual total cost and the payback period in consideration of systems' annual operational strategies corresponding to seasonal and hourly energy demand requirements. Through a numerical study carried out on microturbine cogeneration systems installed in a hotel, the aforementioned trade-off relationship is clarified, and it is also found that the payback period can be shortened with making the annual total cost slightly worse by determining the numbers and capacities of equipment properly.
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Ryohei YOKOYAMA, Shinsuke TAKEUCHI, Koichi ITO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2820
Published: September 04, 2004
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A general approach is presented to the performance analysis and optimization of mechanical systems with network structures such as energy conversion and pump systems. A building block approach is adopted to create an analysis model, which is composed of component, substance, and system models. A performance analysis problem is formulated as a set of nonlinear algebraic or differential algebraic equations, and is solved by the Newton-Raphson or a combined Runge-Kutta and Newton-Raphson method, respectively. A performance optimization problem, which includes a performance analysis one, is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem, and is solved by the modal trimming method for global optimization. This approach is applied to the thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of a gas turbine cogeneration unit.
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Hisafumi EBISAWA, Akihiro OSAKI, Yoshiyuki MIWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2821
Published: September 04, 2004
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Drawing is an important bodily activity in human communication in daily life since it is able to express the abstract information that is difficult in expression using verbal means. On the other hand, the bodily action for the expression is not fully taken advantage of as usual due to physical restrictions in the drawing range. So we propose the drawing interface system for supporting human communication in daily life, which is the augmeted reality system to draw 3D in the air that is consist of the optical see-through head-mounted display. As a result using this system, various ways of drawing are demonstrated in the real world, such as 3D drawing of the architecture in body size, drawing on the physical objects directly and 3D drawing using physical objects as the ruler. In addition, it is confirmed that the volume and density of the drawing things can be experienced in the immersive drawing space.
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Akihiro OSAKI, Hisafumi EBISAWA, Yoshiyuki MIWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2822
Published: September 04, 2004
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In order to perform drawing activities smoothly in the real world, it is necessary to chage line color or width by intuitional manipulation. On the other hand, in the drawing based on Augmented Reality technique, it is difficult that they had to be changed using GUI. This paper describes the direct manipulate interface to be able to capture and utilize the visual information around the user as a painting material. Then we developed the fully immersive 3D drawing system which embeded this interface consist of CCD camera assumed as vision, and confirmed the effectiveness of that.
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Teruaki ITO, Tomoaki NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2823
Published: September 04, 2004
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Reverse engineering technique provides a useful solution to reproduce those objects of which CAD model data is not even available. For example, industrial engineering designs, craftwork products, cultural assets, etc. The authors have reported the result of bone shape regeneration for implant design with visual examination comments. For further research of implant design, objective evaluation is strongly required. Therefore, we have been working on to find out how to evaluate those regenerated shape by reverse engineering techniques in a more objective manner. This paper describes the basic procedure of reverse engineering, and presents some examples of shape regeneration. Using reverse modeled example, the paper describes the evaluation method based on STL data comparison, and discusses the feasibility of the method.
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Teruaki ITO, Hiroaki MATANO, Yasuyuki HOSOMI, Hiromitsu MIYATA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2824
Published: September 04, 2004
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Visual information via display system and/or audio information via speaker system are commonly used as information presentation. On the other hand, vibration method for timely notice such as silent mode of cellar phone provides a very useful interface to convey information without audio or video device. However, vibration function only provide notice and is not suitable to provide further information, for example, direction guidance. This study proposes a vibration-based interface to manipulate objects, which provides haptic feeling of manipulation. This paper describes the basic idea and structure of the interface system, presents an example of application in a virtual environment, and also discusses its feasibility.
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Teruaki ITO, Daisuke TOMITA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2825
Published: September 04, 2004
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Since IT technology is becoming popular in recent years, the support method and technology of the remote collaborative communication work using the Internet is becoming to familiar. Although many systems which offer multimedia communication for remote collaborative work have been reported so far, such systems as share the contents interactively are hardly reported yet. In this paper, we report development of FLAVA system which makes it possible to communicate by voice telephone call while two or more users perform shape manipulation interactively sharing form data as Web contents.
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Satoshi TAMAi, Haruo SAKAMOTO, Kazuhumi SUZUKI, Saiichiro Konnoh
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2826
Published: September 04, 2004
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In the past decade, the manufacturing industries in Japan tend to move their bases for parts manufacturing to foreign countries such as East Asia. The reason is to obtain low manufacturing cost by low personal expenses. This trend of "Globalization" results that Japanese industries can not compete in global markets. To overcome such an international economical issue, the application of information technology is demanded in the field of design and manufacture as well. In this study, the collaboration software using "XVL" that compresses three-dimensional CAD model data was considered for easy transmission to remote places such as foreign countries. WEB based collaboration of design and manufacture has been conducted in this research, and is reported.
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Koji AMIMOTO, Haruo SAKAMOTO, Takuya TSUNEISHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2827
Published: September 04, 2004
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The electroraobiles and the fuel cell electric vehicles have been paid attention from environmental issue, such as global warming. In this report, the designing and manufacturing activity using small-sized electric vehicles is described. As well as the design, the manufacturing aspect is also considered to be of great importance for mechanical engineers, especially for a hand-made small-sized electric automobile. The vehicle is required to be suitably gentle for elderly drivers, and is the revised one from the vehicle made last year. This research aims at establishing the technology of the small electromobile for short distance transport.
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Takuya TUNEISHI, Haruo SAKAMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2828
Published: September 04, 2004
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In recent years, the numbers of employment in agricultural industries is decreasing. However, the rate of elderly people engaged in the farm business is increasing. Therefore, the tools which are efficient and friendly to elderly people are required for agricultural works such as tiller. Furthermore, the ones that take into ecological consideration to the machines are demanded, since majority of such machines are made of diesel engines. The ecological agricultural machines have been studied in our laboratory. Through the knowledge of small-sized hand-made electric vehicles which were designed and manufactured in the past, we started to study the design and manufacture of the ecological tiller made of electric power.
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Tamotsu MURAKAMI, Yoshiro YANASE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2829
Published: September 04, 2004
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A computerized method of (a) calculating shape and color features of existing designs from their 3D polygon models, (b) analyzing the designs by representing them as vectors in a feature space, and (c) searching for a distinctive usage of shape and color as a vector furthermost from the existing vectors in the space, is proposed. In this method, a distinctiveness of a design from existing designs is mathematically defined and used for the search process. A searched solution should help a designer to think of a new design distinctive from existing ones to attract consumer attention. The proposed method is implemented as a software and applied to simplified models of nine personal computer designs and seven digital camera designs.
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Yoshiki UJIIE, Yoshiyuki MATSUOKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2830
Published: September 04, 2004
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In curve design, controlling macroscopic feature that emerges from the total of shape elements is important. However, trial and error is required in order to control the curved profile to be set reflecting macroscopic feature imaged by designer, because there is no useful method for controlling macroscopic feature in the conventional computer aided design system. We proposed the method for representation of macroscopic feature using curvature integration and multi-resolution representation. This method was applied to shape-generation method for the design of automobile side-view. As a result, it was confirmed that the control of macroscopic feature was possible. In the present study, it was shown that the possibility of new design-support in curved profile.
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Yasuhiro YOSHIOKA, Hiroshi MASUDA, Hiroyuki YAMATO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2831
Published: September 04, 2004
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For evaluating product design on the early stage of development, it is important to create rough models quickly. We develop an interactive shape editing system by using a combination of mesh segmentation, deformation, cut-and-paste and parts library. Our system is suitable for the reuse of existing CAD models for new product design.
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Akihiro Takezawa, tadahiro Saito, Shinji Nishiwaki, Kazuhiro Izui, Mas ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2832
Published: September 04, 2004
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This paper discusses a structural topology optimization method based on frame elements. The purpose of this method is to support decision-making as engineers work to obtain innovative designs and evaluate mechanical design details at the conceptual design phase for mechanical structures such as automotive bodies and machine tools. When developing mechanical products, enrichment of the conceptual phase is an important issue. At the conceptual design phase, basic structural and mechanical design features that directly affect product performance are decided. Especially, vibration characteristic is concerned with product performances such as durability, and one of the most important features. So, in this paper, we present an eigen value maximize topology optimization method based on discrete and function-oriented elements such as frame, panel and spring elements, and sequential convex programming. In addition, examples are provided to show the utility of the methodology presented here for mechanical design engineers.
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Yoshihiro Narita, Taku Sato, Hiraku Tagami
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2833
Published: September 04, 2004
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he color design for industrial products has increased its importance due to the recent trend for better quality of life. It is widely accepted that all colors are classified into two dimensional representation with warm-cool and hard-soft axes. The present report attempts to corroborate the validity of this representation by conducting a survey on college students.
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Yoshiyuki KANAYA, Lina JIN, Naofumi MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2834
Published: September 04, 2004
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In this paper, we describe a system configuration for styling design constructed with new existing technologies introducing the idea of reverse engineering. We compared and examined this system with the former type of stile design process. The constructed system showed that the innovation to a design process was expectable. Especially, this is effective for time shortening of digital mock-up creation by a 3D digitizer, improvement in model quality and efficiency of processing by a haptic device, and improvement in the degree of user satisfectory by a web3D technology. This can be estimated to lead to time shortening of a product design, cost reduction, and improvement in design quality.
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So HORIUCHI, Satoshi KANAI, Takeshi KISHINAMI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2835
Published: September 04, 2004
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The awareness of design for ISO 13407 in product planning phase increases usability testing of digital devices at early stage in development process is strongly needed. In development process, various mock-ups are made and applied to usability testing. But, existing taock-ups are not enough to assess the usability of user interface, because they don't enable us to assess the usability from cognitive and physical aspects simultaneously. To solve these problems, we proposed the fusion of virtual and physical mock-ups by using RFID embedded interface and applied it to usability testing for digital devices.
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Tamotsu MURAKAMI, Masatoshi DEGUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2836
Published: September 04, 2004
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Recently, a concept "universal design" to design products equally usable by diverse users has been becoming important. The purpose of this study is to establish effective design methods for universal design based on systematic analysis and comprehension of universal design problem. In this paper, the authors propose a structure-control approach matrix to systematically describe possible design approaches to cover user diversity. Also, the authors indicates that interval arithmetic can be an appropriate tool to support consideration on user diversity, especially quantitative diversity, in universal design process.
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Guohui TIAN, Tatsunori Hara, Taisuke MIURA, Yoshiki SHIMOMURA, Tamio A ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2837
Published: September 04, 2004
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A kind of high-level Petri Nets-Colored Petri Nets is introduced to model service engineering by presenting a case study which a popularly known service system-restaurant service system is modeled and analyzed in the environment of simulation software-CPN Tools.
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Hironori HIBINO, Toshihiro INUKAI, Yoshiro FUKUDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2908
Published: September 04, 2004
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In this research, we focus on a union of a real world and a simulation world to reduce a design lead-time of manufacturing systems. In this paper, we firstly describe current problems for manufacturing design processes using manufacturing system simulation. Secondly in order to solve the problems, we propose an equipment simulation and a system structure using distributed simulation. Finally we briefly show development schedule for the system structure.
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Toshihiro INUKAI, Hironori HIBINO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2909
Published: September 04, 2004
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Our objective is to establish a simulation system that can be used easily throughout the manufacturing system life cycle. Therefore, we have been developing the manufacturing simulation system by using distributed simulation architecture, HLA. However, it is too difficult to apply the simulation system to the implementation stage of real factory line, because the simulation language is not executable on the real equipment. In this paper, we describe a method and a system for introducing the real equipment or its emulator into the manufacturing simulation. As a result, the user can simulate the motion etc. of the machine with the dedicated tools of the equipment.
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Yoshitaka TANIMIZU, Tsuyoshi MIYAMAE, Tatsuhiko SAKAGUCHI, Nobuhiro SU ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2910
Published: September 04, 2004
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Unscheduled disruptions often occur in the actual manufacturing systems, and an initial production schedule may not satisfy the constraints due to the disruptions. A reactive scheduling method based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) was, therefore, proposed to improve the disturbed production schedule in the previous research. This research deals with improvement of the reactive scheduling method for consideration of setup operations. Setup operations are modeled, and the previous reactive scheduling method is modified to generate suitable production schedules that contain setup operations.
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Noboru MURAYAMA, Kosuke NAKANO, Seiichi KAWATA, Toshiki OGUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2911
Published: September 04, 2004
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In this paper, a method for cell formation problems considering workload balancing among cells is proposed. In cell formation design containing inter-cell movements of parts, cell designers need to take into account not only minimizing inter-cell movements of parts but also workload balancing among cells. A branch and bound method with lower bounds of the above two criteria is proposed to find Pareto optimal solutions. As an illustrative example, we solve a cell formation problem from the literature using the proposed method. The result show that the proposed method is flexible for cell designers to design cell formation.
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Masahiko ONOSATO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2912
Published: September 04, 2004
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Knowledge and skills are the most important resources for industrial companies and they need effective methods to promote the utilization of more and more knowledge and skills. This paper deals with an overview of manufacturing knowledge and skills in the digital age. Digital working environment including CAD/CAM/CAE, E-mail, Web makes it easier to record the problem solving activities of experts. Tracing the processes of their problem solving will give us important information about their knowledge and skills.
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Takeshi KISHINAMI, Fumiki TANAKA, Hiroshi HORIUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2913
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The technical information, such as Machining feature, type of machining operation and machining condition, is necessary for operator to use NC code in the shop floor. However, NC code has no relation each other in explicit form. Then, it is difficult to manage, modify, and verify NC data. Therefore this is the cause of the human error. In this research, the technical information is extracted from NC code, and the technical information is transformed into a next-generation CNC control language(ISO 14649) which contains the technical information. In this report, Workingstep is constructed from Machining feature, Machining strategy and Approach-Retract strategy which are extracted from NC code based on Form-shaping function.
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Yui ENDO, Hiroaki DATE, Satoshi Kanai, Takeshi Kishinami
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2914
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In terms of smooth surface generation over arbitrary topological mesh, simplicity of geometric calculation, and easiness of LOD, subdivision surface has the attractive features as a surface to be fit in reverse engineering (RE). Recently, several fitting algorithms have been proposed for RE using subdivision surfaces. However, these are not suitable for RE in the industrial design process where the physical mock-up models have very complex product geometries. To solve this problem, we propose a new method for fitting a Loop subdivision surface to a given high resolution point cloud by using a quasi-interpolation and a non-uniform subdivision algorithm. The resulting initial control mesh that was fit to about 1,000,000 points had 12,000 faces with 10^<-6>6 normalized fitting error.
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Tomohiro Mizoguchi, Hiroaki Date, Satoshi Kanai, Takeshi Kishinami
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2915
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, triangular mesh models are widely used in product design and manufacturing. However, too many triangular patches are required for representing complex shapes accurately and it is also difficult to handle a meaningful set of triangular faces. To solve these problems, we propose a feature edge extraction method of triangular meshes based on segmentation using modified Watershed method and wide range normal evaluation. The proposed method robustly extracts feature edges from noisy mesh models, and enable to handle mesh models efficiently.
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Hitoshi HASHIZUME, Kou KOMATSU, Hayato YOSHIOKA, Hidenori SHINNO, Tada ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2916
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Within recent manufacturing environment, there is an increasing demand for nanometer positioning table system with high stiffness, high resolution and high repeatability. In this study, therefore, XY nano positioning table system has been developed. The table is levitated by aerostatic bearings with porous material and driven by six voice coil motors in a non-contact condition. The table system is designed symmetrically about the driving axis and consequently free from nonlinear befavior and direction dependency. The performance of the developed table system has been verified through a series of nano-positioning experiments.
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Yoshito TANAKA, Junko ISHII, Isao YOKOMICHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3001
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The platform of parallel mechanism makes a movement with six-degree-of-freedom(6 DOF), and the relationship between cylinders and postures of platform involves non-linearity. The FTP control using cylinder-length division causes another posture cross-talk motion. In this paper, as another alternative, a posture division scheme (CP control) was examined, whereby orientations of the platform remain the same. This control scheme can truck the specified translation motion without cross -talk motions. The posture of 6DOF of platform and each cylinder length were simulated and measured in experiments. Both numerical simulations and measured results indicate a significant improvement of the control performance for the proposed CP control schemes.
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Tohru Takamura, Nobuyuki Iwatsuki, Kouichi Morikawa
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3002
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes the optimum motion control of a spatial multi-loop manipulator with 8 DOE Direct kinematics of the manipulators was discussed and the Jacobian matrix is then derived. The gradient projection method was adopted to obtain the optimum solution of inverse kinematics for the manipulator with redundancy. Two examples of the optimum solution were illustrated: The one was to minimize the occupied volume of the manipulator. The other was to avoid the motion limitation due to the limitation of spherical pairs. The latter was examined with CP control experiment. It was then confirmed that the proposed method was effective and useful.
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Norifumi Nishizaka, Nobuyuki Iwatsuki, Kouichi Morikawa, Koji Kondo
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3003
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes motion control of a hyper redundant robot built by serially connecting with many units with a few DOF. Each unit is a spatial parallel mechanism with 3 DOF and is composed of 2 stages connected with 3 linearactuators, 7 spherical joints and a center rod. The inverse kinematic analysis that the iterative calculation so as to converge output error while output displacement was distributed into each unit with weighting coefficient was proposed and formulated. Motion control of the robot was theoretically and experimentally examined based on the inverse kinematics. It was confirmed that a prototype with 3 units could generate desired trajectories.
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Yukio Takeda, Hironori Nakamura, Masaru Higuchi, Koichi Sugimoto
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3004
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In order to develop high precision micro parallel manipulators, a concept of micro parallel manipulators with digital actuation system has been proposed. The digital actuation system is composed of a series of bi-stable-pair mechanisms with simple actuators. Because each bi-stable-pair mechanism with a simple actuator has only two states with high repeatability, sensors for feedback of actuators are not needed for positioning tasks of micro parallel manipulators with digital actuation system. A composition of bi-stable-pair mechanism for wide-range of stroke requirements has been proposed. Some experimental results with macro-size bi-stable-pair mechanisms have been also shown and discussed.
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Shozo Matsushita, Yukitoshi Ihara, Shinji Nakamura
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3005
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes a method of measuring a machining center using parallel mechanism. The developed device consists of six displacement sensors. Position and orientation are calculated from the displacement of six sensors. This device can measure spindle position and orientation of machining center with forward kinematics and no convergence calculation.
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Hiroyuki Katai, Ken Ichiryu
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3006
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, the industry is requesting a machine tool that can make multiple kinds, small quantity production with low production cost. In the bending field, the machine that satisfies such demands is desired. For example, there is a push-through bending machine. However, an existing push-through bending machine is insufficient. Because in some machines, workable cross-sectional shape is limited, and the machine becomes large-scale and complex, if designed for various cross-sectional shapes. It is because the existing push-through bending machine is composed by a serial mechanism, to move a metal mold. Then, we paid attention to the Parallel Kinematics Mechanism (PKM) because it has high stiffness with simple structure, and possibility to realize high response and high accuracy. Our aim is to develop new-bending machine tool by applying PKM. We tried to bend square pipe to a spiral shape.
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Takaaki OIWA, Harunobu ITO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3007
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes a compensation method for elastic and thermal deformations of the machine frame supporting the mechanism of the parallel kinematic machine (PKM). In the proposed method, three displacement sensors with Super-Invar rods measure distance variations among three joint supports connecting the mechanism. Thus, the base platform's dimensions of the PKM are calculated from these measured distance variations. Moreover, six other displacement sensors with rods measure the distance variations between the machine's surface plate and the three joint supports. Therefore, the forward kinematics of the hexapod mechanism calculates displacement and attitude variations of the base platform during operation from these measured displacements. Consequently, coordinates of the PKM's end effector can be compensated by the dimensions, the displacement, and the attitude of the base platform during operation. This device was installed in an experimental coordinate measuring machine using a three-degree of freedom parallel manipulator. Coordinate measurements using a master ball mounted on the surface plate showed that this device decreased the influences of temperature fluctuation and external force on machine accuracy.
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Shoji NOGUCHI, Kenji AYUSAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3008
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, we researched the influence of electricity on the NRRO of retainer rotation in a ball bearing. When electric currents flowed in a ball bearing, the run-out of retainer rotation became large. And it was cleared that quantity of increase of the run-out was in proportion to electric current value.
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Tatsuya OKU, Noriaki ISHII, Keiko ANAMI, Takashi MORIMOTO, Hirohumi YO ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3009
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study presents a theoretical analysis of the exceptional lubrication performance of the thrust slide-bearing of a scroll compressor. It is suggested that the elastic deformation of the thrust plate, due to large loads, is responsible for the exceptional lubrication characteristics. In the theoretical modeling, the thrust slide-bearing surfaces are treated as rough sliding surfaces. The average Reynolds equation from Patir & Cheng for rough surfaces is applied to analyze the fluid lubrication at the thrust slide-bearing, while the Solid Contact Theory by Greenwood & Williamson is applied to analyze the plastic and elastic contacts between the orbiting and fixed thrust plates. For given values of the wedge angle between the sliding surfaces, several parameters including the oil film pressure, the solid contact force, the fluid frictional force and the solid shearing drag force, are calculated to determine the resultant friction coefficient at the thrust slide-bearing. The theoretical calculations show good agreement with lubrication test results, adding weight to the supposition that the exceptional fluid lubrication performance of the thrust slide-bearing results from the formation of an oil wedge due to large thrust loads.
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Tatsuya OKU, Noriaki ISHII, Keiko ANAMI, Takahiro SANO, Takashi MORIMO ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3010
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study focuses on the significant effect that a pressure difference across the fixed plate of a thrust-slide bearing has on the improved lubrication of the bearing in scroll compressor applications. A thrust slide-bearing model submerged in a refrigerant oil VG-56 was operated under pressurized conditions using R-22 as the pressurizing gas. The pressure difference across the bearing plates could be adjusted from 0 to 1.0 MPa. The frictional coefficient at the thrust slide-bearing was measured over a range of orbital speeds. A significant improvement in the bearing lubrication due to the pressure difference was confirmed. It is suggested that the improvement in bearing efficiency resulted from the formation of a fluid wedge at the sliding surfaces of the thrust slide-bearing due to both the axial loading and the fluid pressure difference.
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Hiroki MANO, Atsushi KORENAGA, Yasuhisa ANDO, Shinya SASAKI, Hatsuhiko ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3011
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A condition monitoring with measurement of acoustic emission (AE) is effective in detection of rolling bearing failures. The AE which frequency bandwidth is from 50 kHz to 400 kHz is sensitive to propagations of rolling contact fatigue crack below or on raceway surface. However, there is no precedent which analyze relationship its sensitivity to parameters of the rolling contact fatigue failure quantitatively. In this research, we measured AE caused by rolling contact fatigue and repetition of one-point loading. The latter was a static approach to induce AE without interactions between the raceway surfaces and the ball set. We tried to discriminate surface factors for AE generation from subsurface factors by a combination of the dynamic and the static approach.
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Toshikazu NANBU, Nobutaka CHIBA, Makoto KANO, Yoshiteru YASUDA, Kenshi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3012
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Improving the traction coefficient of a traction drive system is a key factor in obtaining a smaller, lighter unit and also greater torque capacity. This study focused on the micro-surface texture of the rolling elements, and an attempt was made to improve the traction coefficient by raising the condition of the viscous traction fluid to the plastic region. Circumferential grooves were provided on the rolling elements as the micro-surface texture. Tests were conducted on these rolling elements using a four-roller tester that allowed high surface pressures and high rolling speeds. The test results made it clear that the groove depth, groove pitch and also the radius of curvature of the convex portion of the rolling elements are important parameters of the micro-surface structure of the circumferential grooves for improving the traction coefficient while assuring high durability at the same time.
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Jun WATANABE, Toshikazu OSHIDARI, Kiyofumi YOSHITANI, Toshikazu NANBU
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3013
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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It is essential to improve a traction coefficient which gives influence to all performance under actual operating conditions in order to apply a toroidal CVT incorporating a traction drive system to automobiles. The first report describes important parameters of the micro-surface structure of the circumferential grooves for improving the traction coefficient while assuring high durability at the same time. Furthermore, this paper describes an attempt which tries to improve traction coefficient of an actual CVT variator by using a optimized circumferential grooves. The test result proves that a traction coefficient can be improved by optimizing surface texture without spoiling durability.
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