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Masaaki MIYATAKE, Shigeka YOSHIMOTO, Kazuyuki YAGI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3014
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, lithographic technologies using electron-beam(EB) or extreme ultra violet(EUV) illumination source have been developed as a next generation advanced lithography. Generally, aerostatic bearings have been used in the lithography machine because they have a very higher accuracy of motion. However, lithography technologies using EB or EUV illumination source have to operate in a high vacuum and require higher precision accuracy than currentlithography technology. Therefore, in this paper, an aerostatic porous bearing with deep feed groove is proposed to achieve required accuracy in the next generation lithography technology. Aerostatic porous bearings have relatively high stiffness and higher damping coefficient than another types of aerostatic bearings. In addition, the proposed bearings can supply pressurized air from a stationary guide-way to a moving table through a deep feed groove without any disturbances of air supply tubes. The static and dynamic characteristics of aerostatic porous bearings with a deep feed groove are investigated theoretically.
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Shigeka YOSHIMOTO, Keita FUNATO, Kazuyuki YAGI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3015
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Experimental investigations were conducted on the static characteristics of foil gas thrust bearings with hemi-spherical bumps. The foil gas thrust bearing treated in this paper consists of three layered compliant metal shells with numerous hemi-spherical bumps and a foil holder. The proposed foil bearing can easily vary the support stiffness of the compliant shell by changing the position and the number of bumps. In this paper, the effects of the foil material on the rotational performance of the shaft were measured experimentally. It was found that foil gas thrust bearings with hemi-spherical bumps are very suitable for a high-speed rotational turbomachinery with relatively light loads.
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Atsushi KORENAGA, Kyosuke ONO, Shinya SASAKI, Yasuhisa ANDO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3016
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The journal bearing is widely used for the rotational support of various machineries, and tribological performance of bearing greatly influences reliability and performance of the mechanical system. The tribological performance required in machine elements becomes to severe, because the mechanical system works under the advanced control at high speed and high precise. We consider that it is important technology to do the real-time control of the hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics in order to improve the performance of the mechanical system. This paper describes the static properties of the liquid crystal journal bearing using an experimental and numerical approach. In our experiments, pressure distribution, attitude angle, eccentricity and friction force were measured and numerical analysis was carried out considering the ER effect on viscosity and oil film rupture. The results clarified the relation between pressure distribution and locus of journal center.
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Weihong YANG, Masami HARADA, Keiichi WATANUKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3017
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The influence of the different distributions of magnetic fields on the characteristics of the journal bearing lubricated with ferrofluid is investigated through numerical simulation. It is found that the characteristics of the journal bearing, such as the pressure distribution, the load capacity and the cavitation region, have strong dependence on the distribution of the magnetic field in the clearance of the bearing. Moreover, the influence of the angular momentum of the particles in ferrofluid on the characteristics of the bearing has the same order as that of the magnetic force and cannot be neglected in the case that the magnetic field distribution is inhomogeneous both in the axial direction and in the radial direction of the bearing, while a lot of former researches ignore the angular momentum of the particles and suppose a parabolic distribution of magnetic field.
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Hitoshi HATTORI, Yukio WATANABE, Kenji OZAKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3018
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Wear prediction of journal bearings has been investigated by the numerical analysis for mixed lubrication which include solid contact in the oil film. The modified Reynolds equation and the elastic contact equation, considering the effect of surface roughness, are introduced in this analysis. Wear volume is given by the wear ratio of bearing materials and the contact pressure obtained by the mixed lubrication analysis. The prediction is applied to the elastic journal bearing that the deformation is calculated by FEM. The location and the timing of wear generation, and its increasing gradient that had been obtained by the numerical analysis gave good agreement with the results of the experiment.
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Toshimitsu NUMATA, Takahiro Nakahigashi, Koji Miyake, Yasuhisa Ando, S ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3019
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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DLC films show the excellent tribological properties under the lubrication with humid air or water. However, environmental effect for lubricity of DLC films not fully understood. In this paper, we investigated effect of wettability and humidity for lubricity of DLC films. Several types of DLC films were deposited on Si substrate by CVD technique. Surface energy of DLC films was controlled by ratio of C_2F_6 and CH4 gases and O_2 or Ar plasma treatment after deposition. Sliding experiment was carried out by pin on plate type tribotester. In case of RH30%, fluorine rich DLC and pure DLC shows 0.4 of friction coefficient. Friction coefficient of plasma treatment DLC was 0.5. On the other hand, in case of RH55%, all DLC shows about 0.4 of friction coefficient. These results indicate friction property of low surface energy DLC don't affected by relative humidity. In contrast, friction property of high surface energy DLC was dependent on relative humidity.
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Takashi MURAKAMI, Shinya SASAKI, Jiahu OUYANG, Kazunori UMEDA, Atushi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3020
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A tentative BaF_2-CaF_2-SrF_2 ternary phase diagram at 1473K was obtained by XRD analysis and SEM observation in this study. In addition, Al_2O_3-matrix composites containing BaF_2, CaF_2 and SrF_2 were prepared using spark plasma sintering, and their friction properties were investigated. It was clarified that the BaF_2-CaF_2-SrF_2 ternary system has large solid solution region. Friction coefficients of Al_2O_3-31BaF_2-19CaF_2 and Al_2O_3-50SrF_2 (mass%) composites decreased above 873K, while those of Al_2O_3-50mass% CaF_2 composites increased with increasing testing temperature.
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Michiya OKAMOTO, Isami NITTA, Akihiro KANNO, Kimio KOMATA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3022
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We have developed a new type of laser imager with a wide field of view of 10mm in width. In a previous paper the spot sizes of the scanning laser on the image plane were investigated at various temperatures to check the performance of the shrink fitter. The resolution of the laser imager was also examined by observing a test chart over a whole scanning width. In this paper a microprocessor was observed with the 3D laser imager over the wide scanning width of 10 mm to investigate its basic performance as a laser scanner. The image obtained at the center of the scanning width was quite clear. The images did not deteriorate even at the both ends of the scanning width.
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Nobuhiro Himeno, Junpei Matsuda, Hironobu Nishitani, Hidehiko Higaki, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3023
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In a recent study of the sliding frictional tests between sphere(SUJ2) and plane(S45C) under dry coditions, it has been confirmed that the static friction force increases under no relative slip, the static friction force is smaller than the kinematic friction force, and relative slip is observed before the maximum friction force. Moreover, the adheasion tests between sphere(SUJ2) and plane(S45C) were performed to elucidate the cause of increasing static friction force under no relative slip, by using a press testing machine designed newly. However, it was difficult to measure the adhesion force. In this study, the adhesion test similar to the above tests were made between plane(S45C) and plane(S45C), as the results, the existence of the adhesion force of 0.2g〜0.8g were recognized.
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Masahiro Fujii, Akira Yoshida, Kenzo Miura
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3024
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The friction and wear characteristics of newly developed stainless steel with dispersed precipitations, which was designed for improving friction and wear characteristics, were investigated with ring-on-disk test apparatuses under non-lubricating condition in air and in vacuum. The friction and wear behaviors were compared with those of JIS SUS420J2 stainless steel. Both friction coefficient and wear amount of the stainless steel with dispersed precipitations were smaller than those of SUS420J2. The extent of transference of wear debris was comparatively small in case of the stainless steel with dispersed precipitations. The stainless steel with dispersed precipitations had the superior friction and wear characteristics.
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Eiji OHKAWACHI, Bunji ONO, Masaaki HASHIMOTO, Joichi SUGIMURA, Yuji YA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3025
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Effects of hydrogen on friction and wear of steels are studied by 3ball-on-disk sliding tests in three gaseous environments: hydrogen, dry air and nitrogen. With SUJ2 ball against SUS316L disk, the coefficient of friction and the specific wear are the highest in dry air. With SUJ2 ball against SUSS 16 disk, significant transfer of stainless steel on SUJ2 ball is observed in hydrogen and nitrogen. Thus the differences in the friction and wear behaviors depend on combination of the ball and disk materials, and it is likely that these differences in the present tests are ascribed to effects of oxygen rather than those of hydrogen.
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Yasuhisa ANDO, Naoki SHIRAISHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3026
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We have designed and fabricated three-dimensional (3D) stages driven by electrostatic comb actuators. The stage consists of traveling tables, suspensions and comb actuator(s). The suspension incorporates a pair of leaf springs inclined to the substrate. First, 3D electrostatic stages were fabricated on an SOI (silicon on insulator) wafer. Deep reactive ion etching processes were adopted to fabricate the micro structures including inclined leaf spring. Then a 3D stage was installed in an AFM (atomic force microscope). Topography images were captured in each back and forth motion during a raster scanning. The deformation of the cantilever due to friction force was detected from the deference between the images.
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Mieko Ishii, Takeshi Harada, Jyun Hayakawa, Seiji Heike, Masaaki Fujim ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3027
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We estimated the wear volume on the scanning microprobe of an atomic force microscope (AFM) by using images obtained with a high-powered scanning electric microscope (SEM). The wear is due to contact between the pin of the microprobe and the test chip. Before and after the wear test, we took images of the scanning probe using the SEM. We used an image processing and analysis program to measure the wear volume from previous images. We also calculated the specific wear volume on the scanning microprobe from the wear volume, and found that it increases proportionally with the scanning speed.
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Koji MIYAKE, Satoru FUJISAWA, Atsushi KORENAGA, Takao ISHIDA, Shinya S ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3028
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the indentation test evaluating the indentation hardness of materials in nanometer range. BK7, fused silica, and silicon single crystal were used as test sample materials. The data analysis processes to determine the contact area were important to evaluate the indentation hardness of materials. Comparing the results of AFM with those of Nanoindenter and micro-Vickers tests, the direct measurement of the size of the residual hardness impression was useful to evaluate the contact area even in nanometer region. The results led us to conclude that AFM indentation with a sharp indenter is powerful tool to estimate the indentation hardness in nanometer range.
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Masayuki KURITA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3029
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The rapid increase in the recording density of magnetic disk drives has required decreasing the flying height of magnetic head sliders to approximately 10 nm. Under such low flying height conditions, however, the heat generated by the high-frequency current in the writer coils and the rise in the ambient temperature both cause local protrusion of head elements. Such protrusion reduces the flying height below the design value, thus reducing the safety margin for head/disk interference. To analyze this problem, the heat transfer in the head slider, the thermal deformation of the head, and the flying height changes of the slider due to the deformation were numerically simulated. The results showed that (i) decreasing the alumina basecoat thickness reduced the protrusion; (ii) the flying height reduction due to write-current-induced protrusion could be partly compensated by increasing the air pressure on the air-bearing surface; and (iii) almost the entire magnitude of ambient-temperature-induced protrusion translated into flying height reduction.
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Isao SAKURAGI, Masayuki TSUNO, Masaaki NISIHOKA, Kazuyuki HORi, Kyoich ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3101
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, to aim at the decrease of processing cost and the improvement of productivity, a high efficient hard hobbing (the flank finish of high hardened gears by coated finishing multi-thread carbide hob of CNC hobbing machine ) is examined for the flank finish of mass producible high hardened small pitch gears. The examination is focused on the accuracy of hobbing and tool life of carbide hob. As a result, high efficient hard hobbing is found effective for the flank finish of mass producible high hardened small pitch gears.
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Yukinori ARIGA, Harumi ISHII, Yutang DAI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3102
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The curvilinear-tooth gear was developed as a gear having the same function as the double helical gear. The double helical gear has disadvantages that necessitate a special nobbing machine for fabrication and a high-grade technique for assembly. The curvilinear-tooth gear was devised as a solution to these disadvantages. In general, curvilinear-tooth gears were previously fabricated using gear-mill cutters. However, the authors have devised a hobbing method that uses a CNC hobbing machine. The present report introduces a method of hobbing a curvilinear-tooth gear.
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Hiroshi GUNBARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3103
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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As a finishing of the gear, the gear honing is often used recently. Processing cost is sharply reducible if honing processing for work gear with different number of teeth can be carried out using one dressing gear. Moreover, when the work-gear's number of teeth and module is small, the grinding wheel generated by the dressing gear with different work-gear's number of teeth processes the work gear. In this paper, the geometric relation of three tooth surfaces (dressing gear, grinding gear, and work gear) was clarified. Consequently, it was shown that the grinding gear generated by the dressing gear with different work-gear's number of teeth and work gear constitute point contact gear pair. And, the tooth profile and lead error produced on the work gear tooth surface was calculated by numerical calculation.
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Masaki WATANABE, Minoru MAKI, Sumio HIROKAWA, Yasuhiro KISHIMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3104
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study is related to the theory and calculation of tooth surface of Gleason type Hypoid gear. Numerical data are calculated and used for CAD/CAM Systems for forging of Hypoid gear. New idea for crowning to obtain conjugate point contact especially for forging is proposed.
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Masaki WATANABE, Minoru MAKI, Hiroyuki YATABE, Sumio HIROKAWA, Yasuhir ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3105
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study is related to theory and calculation of tooth surface of Gleason type Spiral bevel gear. Numerical data are calculated and used for CAD/CAM Systems for forging of Spiral Bevel Gears. New idea for crowning of tooth surface to obtain conjugate point contact especially for forging gears is proposed.
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Ryohei ISHIMARU, Yasutsune ARIURA, Yoji Matsukawa, Masahito GOKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3106
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI), which has much the same strength and toughness as usual steels, have been developed. ADI has many advantages in mechanical properties and manufacturing, for example, weight reduction due to smaller density than that of steel, good properties of vibration and noise, low cost in machining and heat treatment of blanks due to near-net-shape casting. It has been reported that ADI can be sufficiently applied as a medium hardness gear material. Recently, two steps bending phenomenon of S-N curve for the bending fatigue strength of ADI is reported, and the fatigue phenomenon in long-life region over 10,000,000 time number of cycles is discussed. However, the surface durability in the long-life region has not been clarified until now. In this paper, surface durability of ADI rollers in long-life region is investigated using a disk machine which simulates the rolling and sliding action of gears.
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Kazuteru NAGAMURA, Kiyotaka IKEJO, Florin Gabriel TUTULAN, Koichi ISAK ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3107
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this study, we calculated the tooth root stress and the contact stress of involute- cycloid composite tooth profile spur gears with some design parameters such as the rolling circle radius, the pressure angle, and the tooth depth of the gears, which define the tooth profile. Then, we investigated the effects of the design parameters on the tooth root stress and the contact stress of the involute- cycloid composite spur gears from the calculation results. Furthermore, we calculated the tooth root stress and the contact stress with the error of center distance and examined the influence of the center distance on the tooth root stress and the contact stress of the involute- cycloid composite spur gears.
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Ichiro MORIWAKI, Kenji NISHITA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3108
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The present paper describes the fatigue tests of polyamide 46 (PA46) gears under high temperature todetermine their load capacity, comparing with polyamide 66 (PA66) gears and acetal (POM) ones. The experimentalresults shows that fatigue mode of PA46 and POM gears is "tooth breakage", and that of PA66 gears is "tooth flankwear". PA46 gears show the highest load capacity among these gears under the surrounding temperature of 403K.
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Hideo TAKAHASHI, Hiroshi IIZUKA, Soujyu LEE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3109
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Many factors have effect on load carrying characteristics of a spur gear pair. One of them is the lubricating oil. In especial, the temperature in oil is the most important item, because high temperature in oil causes decrease in viscosity and a degradation chemical action of additives. The temperature in oil has a relation to the bulk temperature of gear. Therefore, the effect of each condition, such as the transmitting torque, the rotational speed of gear and the kind of oils, on the bulk temperature of gear was investigated. In addition, the measurement of bulk temperature in the lubricating oil which used new porous carbon materials as an additive was done. The aim of this paper is to estimate the bulk temperature rise of spur gears, which relates the temperature rise in oil. Each condition was investigated by using the testing equipment that is a power circulating type. As a result, the effects of operational conditions were found. The bulk temperature of spur gears in oil bath and various other conditions were discussed.
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Hiromasa NADANO, Masakazu NAKASAKO, Masaki KOHNO, Hiroyuki YAMAGUCHI, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3110
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The scoring-load capacities of the vegetable oils were studied by using a power-circulating gear test rig. The tests were carried out under a slash-pan lubrication. From the tests, the following results were obtained. (1) The scoring-load capacities increased in following order : Turbine oil < Soybean oil < Corn oil < Rapeseed oil. The normal load per unit face width at the incipient stage of scoring when lubricated with the rapeseed oil was approximately 1.7 times as large as that when lubricated with a turbine oil. (2) The critical temperature at a risk for scoring with the rapeseed oil was about 400℃, and was the highest of all test oils. (3) The acceleration of the gear box when scoring occurred increased significantly, and consequently surface failure by scoring could be detected by means of the measurement of acceleration due to vibration of the tested gear box.
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Haruo HOUJOH, Hiroyuki TOMITA, Yasuo SEIKE, Shigeki MATSUMURA, Shunich ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3111
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Air flow visualization at mesh end region have been performed by using a high speed camera and smoke wire method. Among two major roll of lubrication, reducing friction and cooling, cooling is quite important for maintaining gear durability because high temperature have metallurgical effect. Lubrication also makes excess power loss by squeezing effect at mesh area as well as by various losses existing in feeding system such as pump loss. Therefore, for the efficient contribution of lubricant, it is necessary to find an optimum arrangement of oil feeding especially for the purpose of cooling. The present paper is a trial to find such paths to feed lubricant to the tooth surfaces just after finishing engagement with as less power and as less amount of lubricant as possible. The visualization indicated there are flows going into tooth spaces that are just opposing to tangential movement of gear teeth even though the pitching line velocity is of about 10m/s.
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Chanat RATANASUMAWONG, Shigeki MATSUMURA, Haruo HOUJOH
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3112
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The method to extract tooth surface information from the vibration measurement result is proposed. Synchronous averaging method is used to extract vibration signals attributed from driving gear and/or driven gear from each other. Then the frequency response function of a gear pair is applied to the averaged signals to assess tooth surface forms. The estimated results from the proposed method are conformable with tooth surface measuring results.
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Eiichirou TANAKA, Haruo HOUJOH, Ryozo NEMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3113
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A new method for predicting the vibration and noise of a total gear system, including not only multi-stage gear pairs but also shafts, pedestals, and a gearbox was developed. The method consists of three separate analyses: three-dimensional gear-vibration analysis, FEA (finite element analysis) of gearbox vibration, and BEA (boundary element analysis) of the sound field. To verify the effectiveness of the method, the authors experimented with a second-stage helical reduction gear apparatus. These measurements agreed well with the corresponding calculated levels by developed analysis method. It can thus be concluded that the method can accurately predict vibration and noise and sufficiently assess the noise radiated and propagated through air. Furthermore, gear vibration and sound-pressure level was measured to figure out the influence of four design parameters: output torque, type of coupling, viscosity of gear oil, and clearance between bearing outside and housing. In this paper, how to introduce the influence of these parameters in vibration and sound-radiation analysis of a gear system was studied.
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Shigeki MATSUMURA, Haruo HOUJOH
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3114
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In general, gear vibration occurs at mesh frequencies and their harmonics. But it becomes known that ghost noise, non-integer order of mesh components vibration, sometimes occurs due to manufacturing process. In this research, the method to point out source gear with vibration measurement is proposed. And its application on vibration diagnosis of multi-stage power transmission system operated intermittently.
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Kunihiko MORIKAWA, Ryuta NISHIHARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3115
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The mechanism of the sideband phenomenon of planetary gear vibration that often occurs in a planetary gear set was clarified in connection with mesh phase differences. This sideband phenomenon is one in which the (z-1) or (z+1) order component level is higher than the mesh order (z) component level. The notation (z-1) or (z+1) means the mesh order (z) minus or plus one carrier revolutioa An in-phase (IP) planetary gear set has no such sideband phenomenoa In a sequentially phased planetary gear set, this phenomenon occurs in transverse and tilting vibratioa Which sideband, either (z-1) or (z+1), occurs depends on the relationship between the mesh phasing direction and carrier rotation directioa We have developed a method of performing a multiple degree-of-freedom vibration analysis of a planetary gear set to verify this sideband phenomenon.
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Masaki WATANABE, Minoru MAKI, Nobuo TAKATU, Jaeho SHIN
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3116
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study is related to Analysis and Experiment of WN helical Rack and Pinion. By these Results, New Type WN Rack & Pinion is proposed. Radius of rack is larger than that of conventional design.
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Minoru MAKI, Masaki WATANABE, Tadashi SAKAI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3117
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Helical gear with arc teeth of point contact is called WN gear derived from initial of inventor Wildhaber and Novikov. Recently, Haseg Gear Co. LTD of Japan has produced WN gear and practically applied for pinion stand of iron making industry. This study is related to the theory of meshing and manufacturing of WN Hypoid gear with circular arc teeth perpendicular to the teeth trace.
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Hiroshi YAMAZAKI, Yoshitaroh YOSHIDA, Yoshihide KIYOSAWA, Satoshi JUSG ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3118
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A precise analysis has been made for the designing and manufacturing method of a pinion cutter for non-involute internal gear, especially in the case the profile of the gear is given as a series of dispersive points. When the profile of a relief grinding wheel is given as a dispersive points, theoretical equations are derived from them which represent the profile of the cutting edge after the resharpening. The calculation is made for the profile of the non-involute internal gear, which is cut by using the reshaepened pinion cutter. Finally it is clarified that the relationship between the resharpening quantity and the profile error of the pinion cutter.
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Masaharu KOMORI, Aizoh KUBO, Tatsuya NISHINO, Ryuhei TAKEDA, Takayuki ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3119
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The technology to predict tooth contact pattern, vibration and load carrying capacity of hypoid gear is demanded to accomplish low noise design and adequate quality control. It is however not easy to measure the tooth flank form and to analyze the performance of gear by simulation for generating face milled hypoid gear. In this research, the method to measure the tooth flank form of generating face milled hypoid gear is developed. Simulation program for vibrational performance and load carrying capacity of hypoid gear is proposed, where measured tooth flank from is considered. The result from the simulation is compared with experimental result in contact pattern and transmis- sion error. That ensures the potential of the developed simulation.
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Hidehiro YOSHINO, Fumihiro OHSHIMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3120
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Changes in effective face widths of face gears by the offset and helix angle of a pinion accurately investigated in consideration of undercutting and tip pointing. The obtained results are as foliows' (1) The face width that is of the small side is almost not changed by the offset and helix angle of the pinion. (2) Different types of face gears can be designed by combining the positive or negative offset with the helix angle. (3) A test face gear was cut on the trial-made gear shaping machine with 4 control axes, and the tooth bearing tests were conducted. The obtained contact patterns almost agreed with the calculated ones.
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Shuhei KUROKAWA, Yasutsune ARIURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3121
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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An approximate formula of gear transmission error with radial eccentricity is derived explicitly from exact solutions. Derived formula consists of two sinusoidal functions and an offset term. It is very simple and easy to examine the relation among transmission error, gear specifications and the parameters of eccentricity. If the sum of the parameters of amount of eccentricity is the same, the peak-to-valley value of transmission error is also the same in the case of a gear pair, which has the number of teeth relatively prime. The fact is also true under the different initial phase angles of eccentricity. The maximum residual between exact solutions and approximate one is only about 1.0 urad or less. It can be found that the derived approximate formula is enough to analyze the transmission error with radial eccentricity for gear pairs of the conventional size.
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Kazuya MINAMI, Tomio KOYAMA, Weiming ZHANG
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3122
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The miniaturization is required in some printers and copy machines, and miniaturizing the pulley used in paper handlingmechanism takes a important part in the miniaturization of whole machine. In this research, FEM analyses and experimentsare carried out for examining the influence of the pulley diameter on the belt skew. Two pulleys with different diameter, 15and 33.6mm, are used, and the misalignment in the driving pulley is considered in the analysis and experiment. The resultsshow that a pulley with small diameter is effective to reduce the belt skew, and the increment of shaft load increases the beltskew.
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Yoshihisa HAYANO, Tomio KOYAMA, Weiming Zhang, Masanori KAGOTANI, Hiro ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3123
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, the simulation of jumping of round shape synchronous belt is reported. The numbers of the driving and the driven pulley teeth are the same and so the wrapping angle of the belt on both pulley rt radian. The influences of deformation of pulley shaft and the belt installation tension on the jumping torque are discussed. Experiments are also carried out for verifying the calculation results of FE analysis. It is found that jumping torque load increases as bending stiffness of the pulley shaft increases. Likewise, the jumping torque load increases almost proportionally as the installation tension increases.
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Takao TORII, Kazufumi WATANABE, Bin Fen, Nobuyoshi MORITA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3136
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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High-Speed motion of linkage produces undesirable dynamic characteristics, such as fluctuation of input torque, shaking force and shaking moment. Therefore, various kinds of dynamic balancing have been proposed. In this paper, mass, position of center of gravity and moment of inertia of links are used as design parameters for dynamic optimization of the linkage. An algorithm to forming the shapes of links from these parameters is proposed. In order to prevent from getting unrealizable parameters an index of difficulty is proposed, too. The proposed method is applied to spatial RSSR mechanism' It is confirmed that the proposed method is effective.
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Jun NANGO, Mituhiro NAGAO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3137
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The independent suspension system is adopted in the automobiles to make the driving be comfortable and maneuverable. Especially, the MacPherson strut mechanism is the one of the most commonly used mechanisms in front suspension because of a small number of component parts. But that reduces parameters to draw the ideal trajectory of the wheel spindle and limit the freedom of design. It is difficult to estimate the trajectory of the wheel spindle comparing the ideal one in three dimensional space. In this paper, we derive the closed-loop equations of the MacPherson strut mechanism as the spatial six-link mechanism of two degrees of freedom. With given values of steering and strut displacements, the formulas for analyzing the attitude of the strut are established. And sensitivity analyses were done using the closed-loop equations with respect to the coordinets of the spherical pair connecting the strut and the frame. The results of analysis is verified experimentally.
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Bin FENG, Nobuyoshi MORITA, Yongxue Jin, Takao TORII
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3138
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Dynamic stresses acting on a link depend upon the area of the section of a link and the forces acting on the section, and the inertia forces and the inertia torque depend upon the distributions of masses of a link and the shape of a Link. Therefore, it is important to design the shape of section of a link for improving the distribution of the stresses of links and reducing the weight and the shaking force and the shaking moment of the mechanism. This paper presents a design method of the uniform strength links in a planar link mechanism. The design examples are given and the dynamic characteristics are eatimated.
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Tadamasa SATO, Shunsuke TOHRIN, Kaiji SATO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3139
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The purpose of this research is to realize a PM linear motor whose maximum acceleration is higher than 980m/s^2 (=100G) and whose maximum speed is higher than 20m/s. Up to date, we have made experimental linear motor which has low cogging force, the maximum acceleration higher than 545m/s^2 and the maximum speed higher than 10.5m/s. In this paper, we describe a design of a movable component and examine the driving performance of the linear motor. As a result, we designed the movable component with theoretical thrust density more than 980N/kg, and the experimental result shows that the maximum acceleration improved in 597m/s^2, and the greatest speed improved in 11.2m/s.
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Michihiko TANAKA, Nobuhiko HENMI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3140
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The purpose of this report is to discuss the behaviour of bolted joints tightened in plastic region. Although, there have been many reports about plastic region tightening method, their discussion were made on the classical criterion based on the rigid-plastic solution for combined loads of axial tension and torsion. Moreover, in the old analyses, very ideal models of cylinder have been used assuming the uniformly distributed axial tension and a state of pure shear. In this study, the finite element method is applied to the elasto-plastic analysis of bolted joints. Tap bolt tightening and Bolt-nut tightening are compared.
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Nobuhiko HENMI, Michihiko TANAKA, Takahide MAEZAWA, Tadashi NAKABOU
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3141
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Plate fin heat exchangers are often used for air conditioner. In order to obtain better performance, flat and multi-hole type tube is used to be adoptive as a refrigerant tube rather than normal cylindrical tube. However connecting method between the flat tube and cooling fin is not realized for practical application. This report investigates a novel method of connection by giving inside pressure and plastic deformation to a special flat tubes which has doglegged thin inner partitions. Elasto-plastic analysis by Finite Element Method is performed to investigate behavior of the flat tube under some conditions.
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Manabu HIGASHINO, Tatsuya OHMACHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3143
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Mechanical design requires high-experience knowledge, and an expert system is effective in such a situation. In case knowledge is inputted into this expert system, it is desirable for an expert to directly input knowledge. In this research, a system to which the knowledge input to an expert system is made as for anyone is proposed. Therefore, an expert system structure is described first, and the knowledge base built by the production system is described berow. The Expert system is made as an experiment by them, and the mechanical design expert system and knowledge base has validity checked.
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Keiichi WATANUKI, Kazuyuki KOJIMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3144
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The environment where Japanese industry has been paid with respect is changing tremendously due to the globalization of economics, where Asian countries are undergoing economical and technical development as well as advancing in information technology. With acceleration of manufacturing bases relocating abroad, industrial hollowing out is happening; hence effort to transfer the technology and the design knowledge of machine design in a company is becoming an important subject. For example, in the design of custom casting product, a designer who is lack of casting knowledge may not be able to produce a good design. In order to obtain a good design and manufacturing, it is necessary to equip the designer and manufacturer with a support system related to casting design or so called, knowledge transfer and creation system. This paper proposes a new computer-aided system for casting design, which is composed of the explicit and tacit knowledge transfer system using synchronized multimedia and the knowledge internalization system using portable virtual environment. This system indicates that our proposed method is useful as a knowledge transfer and creation method for casting design.
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Kazuyuki KOJIMA, Keiichi WATANUKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3145
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, it has been needed to control a car air conditioner not only by merely heating and cooling based on the set temperature fixed by a passenger but also by considering of passenger's comfort. In order to design such a controller for the air conditioner, a cabin's thermal comfort in various situations has to be considered. Also, many parameters of all components such as sensors and/or actuators formed as a control system of the air conditioner have to be taken into consideration. It is for the reason that it has to take a lot of man-hours to design a program for the controller of the air conditioner. In this paper, programming support for a controller of car air conditioner using system identification and evolutionary computation is described. First, a method to estimate the car air conditioner by using system identifica tion is shown. Second, genetic algorithm is applied to generate a program for the air conditioner. As a result, a controller considering thermal comfort can be automatically generated, and that reduces man-hour.
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Yuya YONEYAMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3201
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Al_2O_3-based self-lubricating composites have attracted much attention because they may be applicable to high-temperature mechanical elements. In this study, Al_2O_3-based self-lubricating composites containing CaF_2, LaF_3 and CeF_3 as solid lubricants and SiO_2 as a binder were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and their tribological properties were investigated using a SRV testing machine from room temperature to 800℃ in air. The tribological effects of Al_2O_3 grain size on the Al_2O_3-CaF_2-SiO_2 composites were also examined. It was shown that adding SiO_2 to the Al_2O_3-CaF_2 composites reduced their friction coefficients and wear rates above 600℃. The friction coefficients of the Al_2O_3-CaF_2-SiO_2 composites were also reduced from room temperature to 800℃ by increasing the Al_2O_3 grain size. Moreover, the Al_2O_3-CeF_3-SiO_2 composites showed low friction above 600℃ and low wear rates from room temperature to 600℃.
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Yasuhito DEMIZU
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3202
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The DNA chip is required of high sensitivity and low cost for practical medical service. We have used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a substrate of DNA chip for low cost. However, PMMA cannot adhere DNA due to its hydrophobicity. In this work, in order to change the PMMA to be hydrophilic, various ions were irradiated on the surface of PMMA by using an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion shower apparatus. The contact angle of water on the surface of PMMA was reduced by 90%, 84% and 85% by irradiating Ar^+, Ox^+ and Nx^+ ion at best suited condition, respectively.
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Shunsuke WATANABE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3203
Published: September 04, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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