The labeled lipid composition of Sendai virus grown in chick embryo (CE), cynomolgus monkey kidney (MK) and bovine kidney (BK) cells differed from that of these host cells. In 20hr labeling after infection with ³²P-orthophosphate, ¹⁴C-acetate or ¹⁴C-palmitic acid, virions had a high content of labeled phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and a lower content of phosphatidylcholine (PC), while the host cells showed a reverse result. Virions also had a higher proportion of sphingomyelin than the host cells. Similar phospholipid patterns were also obtained by infecting cells labeled with ³²P-orthophosphate prior to infection. CE and MK cells labeled with ³²P-orthophosphate before infection followed by a 20-hr labeling with ³H-acetate revealed that lipids containing fatty acids newly synthesized after infection were incorporated preferentially into virions. The cause of these differences in lipid composition between the virion and the host cell should be sought. Relevant to this question was the finding that Sendai virus infection enhances not only total phospholipid synthesis, but also the PE and PC synthesis and presumably the pathway from phosphatidylserine to PE. These metabolic changes induced by infection may affect the lipid composition of the plasma membrane, hence that of the viral envelope.

抄録全体を表示

Rubella virus readily replicated in primary culture of swine testicle cells. Cells cultured 1 or more days when infected with the virus supported better viral growth with higher peak titer than those infected at the time of cell seeding. In these cell cultures rubella virus replication was enhanced significantly by co-infection with hog cholera virus given either simultaneously with or a few days before or after rubella virus. Culture fluids always showed higher infectivity titers than cells. Production of rubella virus hemagglutinin was also markedly enhanced. Identification of the viruses grown in double infected cells was confirmed by the neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition tests. Rubella virus strains induced little or weak cytopathic effect in cells uninfected with hog cholera virus, but some strains induced marked cytopathic effect in hog cholera infected cells. Unlike rubella virus, replication of hog cholera virus was little affected by rubella virus.

抄録全体を表示

A number of rapid-growing scotochromogenic mycobacteria were isolated from the sputum specimen of Rhodesian patients with pulmonary disease and recognized as a new species. This was given the name Mycobacterium rhodesiae sp. nov. A comparison between M. rhodesiae, M. parafortuitum, M. aurum and M. vaccae was done, and dis-tinguishing characters serving for differentiation between these 4 species of rapid-growing scotochromogenic mycobacteria were described.

抄録全体を表示

Attempts to isolate directly kanamycin resistant transductants in Staphylococcus aureus were unsuccessful, although genes determining heme synthesis could be transduced. Use of the replica plating method, however, gave evidence that kanamycin resistance had been co-transduced along with the genes controlling the production of heme-containing enzymes of the electron transport system. In the presence of kanamycin, bacteriophage was unable to produce plaques on phage-susceptible cells, and this antiphage effect of kanamycin was probably a reason why the direct transduction of kanamycin resistance was not detected, although many attempts and variations in the procedure were made. Treatment of a kanamycin resistant culture of S. aureus with acridine orange or ethidium bromide indicated that kanamycin resistance was conferred by a chromosomal factor.

抄録全体を表示

Comparison of R factors derived from shigellae and salmonellae was made using several genetical characteristics. Almost all R factors derived from shigellae were fi⁺ (fertility inhibition), spp^- (no restriction against phage λ vir) and possessed a drug resistance pattern of (sul, str, cmd, tet), whereas those from salmonellae were fi^-, spp^-and their resistance patterns were (str), (tet) or (str, tet). The (str, tet) R factors often segregated upon conjugal transfer but R factors from shigellae did not. R factors from shigellae were unstable in Salmonella but stable in Shigella and Escherichia coli. R factors derived from salmonellae were unstable in Shigella but stable in Salmonella and E. coli. All fi⁺, spp^- R factors derived from shigellae, except two which had been known to be exceptional also in the incompatibility tests, conferred atabrine sensitivity (ats⁺) upon the host cells, whereas all fi^-, spp^- R factors derived from shigellae were ats^-. One exceptional fi^-, spp^- R factor derived from Shigella was ats^-, but all of the fi^-, spp^- R factors derived from salmonellae were ats⁺. Two representative R factors derived from salmonellae were shown to be compatible with 14 fi⁺ and fi^- standard R factors which were derived from shigellae and had been stocked in 3 laboratories in Japan as representative collections. Five (tet) segregants originally derived from (sul, str, cml, tet) R factors of shigellae but obtained by transferring to and segregating in Salmonella Panama were shown to be different from (tet) R factors of Salmonella origin with respect to the fi character and the incompatibility tests. From these results it was concluded that R factors of Shigella origin and those of Salmonella are different.

抄録全体を表示

Five antigenic mannans isolated from the cells of Candida albicans serotype A, C. albicans serotype B, C. tropicalis, C. stellatoidea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined for their reactivities against concanavalin A, the size of the combining site has been estimated to be relatively small, up to 4 hexopyranosyl residues. In the quantitative precipitation reaction, all mannan-concanavalin A systems afforded nearly the same amounts of nitrogen or mannan precipitated, and the ratios of precipitation-inhibition with α1→2 linked manno-oligosaccharides, from biose to tetraose, were also equal regardless of the structural differences of these mannans. Furthermore, in agar-gel double diffusion analysis, all the systems gave a corresponding precipitation arc which completely fused with the adjacent ones. These behaviors of mannan-concanavalin A systems resemble those of antigen-antibody systems consisting of the same mannans and anti-C. albicans serotype B serum. It also provided evidence that the previous interpretation on the lesser serologic specificity of this serum compared to that of anti-C. albicans serotype A was due to the smaller size of combining sites for antibodies of the former than of the latter serum.

抄録全体を表示

Mixed reconstitution was performed using the components of tobacco mosaic virus-ordinary strain (TMV-OM) and bean strain (TMV-B) under conditions of 0.1M pH 7.3 sodium pyrophosphate at 30C for 6-24hr. The recoveries of the reconstituted viruses, TMV-OM-RNA+TMV-B-protein and TMV-OM-protein+TMV-B-RNA, were 1.5-26.6% and both the viruses were infectious. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of these 2 reconstituted viruses showed 2 peaks, both of which were infectious. The bottom peak sedimented near the position of the standard TMV, and its ratio of O. D. _260mμ/O. D. _280mμ was 1.22-1.29. The particles in this peak had the same length as that of the standard TMV. The top peak had the ratio of 1.28-1.41, and the length of particles in this peak were shorter than the standard TMV. The pattern of ECTEOLA-cellulose column chromatography of the reconstituted virus was similar to that of standard TMV. Further, it was confirmed that the biological characters of the reconstituted particles were the same as those of the RNA-donor TMV.

抄録全体を表示

L-Aspartic acid was taken up by Mycobacterium smegmatis cells at a greater rate than D-aspartic acid. Kinetic studies of L-aspartic acid uptake revealed a curvilinear Line-weaver-Burk plot. The observed kinetics could be accounted for by the existence of two different processes, a saturable and a nonsaturable. In contrast, the latter process was solely active for D-aspartic acid uptake. Competition studies indicated that aspartic acid and glutamic acid were similarly affected by the operation of 2 different processes. The existence of 2 similar catalytic transport processes, specific for dicarboxylic amino acids, was discussed.

抄録全体を表示

A trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble fraction, extracted using cold TCA, was derived from the cell wall of Lactobacillus casei strain S-1. It not only inhibited the adsorption of phage J-1 but also de-orbed these phages, in their active form, which had previously been adsorbed onto the cell walls. L-Rhamnose, one of the components of this TCA-soluble fraction, had an identical activity to this TCA-soluble fraction, on phage adsorption. This suggested that L-rhamnose is a part of phage receptor material in the cell wall of L, casei strain S-1; and the binding of the phage to the cell wall is reversible, even at 37C.

抄録全体を表示

The process of infection of established calf kidney (CKT) cells with human adenovirus type 12 (Ad 12) was compared with that with type 5 (Ad 5). Ad 5 replicated in CKT cells but Ad 12 did not. In CKT cells infected with Ad 5, as much virion antigen was detected by complement-fixation (CF) test as from HeLa cells, and the rate of DNA synthesis in-creased to about 7 times that in uninfected cells. In CKT cells infected with Ad 12, production of T-antigen was detected by CF test, but neither production of virion antigen nor increase in DNA synthesis was observed. Confluent monolayers of CKT cells incorpo-rated ³H-thymidine progressively into DNA after growth medium was replaced with maintenance medium. This increase in host cell DNA synthesis after changing media was inhibited by infection with Ad 12 or with ultraviolet-irradiated Ad 12

抄録全体を表示