Effect of streptomycin on the incorporation of S³⁵-Sulfate and P³²-phosphate into streptomycin-sensitive, streptomycin-resistant, and streptomycin-indifferent cells of Mycobacterium avium, Jucho, were investigated. The streptomycin-resistant strain used was isolated by the multi-step selection with the use of increasing concentrations of streptomycin. Thestreptomycin-indifferent strain used was isolated by the one-step selection in the presence of 1, 000 μg of strepto-mycin per ml. Both strains were resistant to more than 10, 000 μg of streptomycin per ml.
1. Incorporation of S³⁵-sulfate into the protein fraction of streptomycin-sensitive cells was inhibited by the presence of 10 μg of streptomycin hydro-chloride per ml of phopshate buffer solution (pH7.1). However, incorporation of S³⁵-sulfate into acid-soluble fraction was never inhibited by the same concen-tration of the drug.
2. Incorporation of S³⁵-sulfate into protein fractions of streptomycin-resis-tant and streptomycin-indifferent cells was not inhibited by the presence of 10μg of streptomycin per ml, and they, however, were considerably inhibited by the presence of 1, 000μg of streptomycin per ml.
3. Incorporation of S³⁵-sulfate into streptomycin-resistant cells occurred much more slowly than the incorporation of S³⁵-into streptomycin-sensitive cells and streptomycin-resistant cells.
4. Incorporation of P³²-orthophosphate into acid-soluble, nucleic acid and protein fractions of streptomycin-sensitive cells was considerably inhibited by the presence of 10μg of streptomycin per ml. On the other hand, incorporation of P³² into streptomycin-resistant cells and streptomycin-indifferent cells was not inhibited even by the presence of 1, 000μg of streptomycin per ml.

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The authors have succeeded in preserving leptospirae for 2 years by the application of the ordinary freeze-drying method. No change of pathogenicity and serological characters could be recognized after preservation.

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1. The purified endotoxin, a lipopolysaccharide-protein complex, was adsorbed to Amberltic IRC 50, XE 64 and Dowex 50 at acidic pH and eluted successfully at alkaline pH. This complex can be subjected to column chromatography using Amberlite XE 64 without the loss of its chemical and biological properties.
Though there was 100 per cent adsorption of the endotoxin on the basic resins, attempts to elute the endotoxin resulted in a failure.
2. The purification and chromatography of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage particles using Atnberlite IRA 410 could be achived Successfully without the loss of their activities. They could also easily be separated frtm the high molecular weight antigenic substances such as the endotoxin.

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The living cell suspensions of T. vaginalis oxidize glucose easily. The pH optimum for glucose oxidation extends over a relatively wide range, 6.47 to 6.98. The ability of the whole cells to metabolize glucose is definitely connected with the growth stages of the parasite. The maximum oxidative activity is obtained from a twenty-four-hour culture which coincide with the logarithmic phase of the growth curve.
Furthermore, the nonproliferating cell suspensions of T. vaginalis possess the ability to metabolize several hexoses and disaccharides, such as maltose and sucrose, rapidly or slowly, depending upon the sort of substrate. However, some pentoses, lactose, various D^- and L^- amino acids, and saturated monohydroxy fatty acids are not dissimilated at all by living whole cells of the trichomonad.
Most intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are not metabolized at all by the whole cells of T vaginalis. The cell-free extracts derived from the trichomonad oxidize pyruvate at significantly high rate only in the presence of a catalytic amount of any one of the compounds in the Krebs cycle. Moreover, the aerobic metabolism of pyruvate by the extracts is stimulated by the addition of cofactors, ATP and Mg⁺⁺ For optimal aerobic metabolism of intermediates of the cycle by the extracts, the presence of a cofactor solution, containing nicotinamide, DPN and Mg⁺⁺, is required. The respiration of T vaginalis on glucose is almost completely inhibited in the presence of low concentrations of several metabolic antagonists, arsenite, cyanide, cupric sulfate, silver nitrate and malonic acid.
From these results, it seems likely that the tricarboxylic acid cycle may be necessary for the complete oxidation of carbon compounds by T vaginalis, and the cycle is also regarded as the main pathway of pyruvate oxidation in this parasite, as in the case of vertebrate tissues. The oxygen transport in trichomonad cells is catalyzed by cytochrome and flavoprotein systems, similar to those demonstrated in other forms of life.

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1. The atypical mycobacteria used in this experiment caused tuberculous disease in rabbits when inoculated intratesticularly and the area of caseous necrosis was surrounded by epithelioid cells and giant cells.
2. This mycobacteria may be ethiologic agent of atypical mycobacterial pulmonary infection.
3. This agent should be called Mycobacterium metatubercuolsis.

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1) Aerobacter aerogenes A-1 decomposed adaptively D-glucuronic acid, D-glucuronolactone and ethyl-D-glucuronate.
2) The optimal pH of D-glucuronic acid derivatives-decomposing enzymes of Escherichia coli communis B-19 and Aerobacter acrogenes A-1 was found to be approximately 7.0.
3) Both bacteria adapted to D-glucuronic acid or its derivatives showed more active oxidation of D-glucose than those which were not adapted, but not of l-glutamic acid.
4) Promoting effect on D-glucose metabolism by treating with D-glucuronic acid derivatives was not observed in Staphylococcus albus which has no decomposing activity against D-glucuronic acid derivatives.182 OYA Vol. 5, No, 2

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Strains S-43 and T-12, respectively type 6 and 12, group A streptococcus were serially transferred in the presence of chloramphenicol, penicillin, tetra-cycline or streptomycin. These strains acquired resistance to each antibiotics.
Loss of type and group reactions was observed in the penicillin-or tetra-cycline-resistant strains, and in the high level-chloramphenicol-resistant strains. Both reactions were found in the streptomycin-resistant strains or in a low level-chloramphenicol-resistant strain.
The relationship between the degree of serological reactivity and virulence to mice was semi-quantitatively investigated. Virulence of the resistant strains was apparently lower compared to that of original cultures.
A mutant strain from a type 3, group A streptococcus, lacking in M protein but not in C antigen, was incubated with the type 6-M protein, and the increase of virulence to mice was observed after the treatment. However, enhancement of virulence was not observed in a penicillin-resistant strain, which originated from strain S-43 and lacked in M and C antigens, when treated with M protein or/and M, C antigens.

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A species of the genus Micrococcus has been isolated from the soil by screening with a medium confaining Tween 80 as a sole source of carbon. This organism has been designated as Micrococcus tweenis. The properties of this organism are as follows: Gram-negative cocci or ellipsoides of 0.6 to 1.5 μ in diameter. They multiply by means of binary fission. Non-motile and not flagellated, although flagell-like structures were observed in electron micrographs. They grow well on nutrient and blood agars, especially on Tween agar, developing grayish-white and smooth colonies. They produce acid from arahinose, xylose, glucose, galactose and mannose. Positive growth on Simmons citrate medium. Urea-decomposition is variable. Gelatin liquefication is slight or negative. Nitrates are not reduced to nitrites. Neither hydrogen sulfide nor indole is produced. Pathogenicity for mice is very weak.
Four strains of the organism have been kept as stock cultures. Three strain were found to be serologically heterogeneous, while one gives spontaneous agglutination with saline.

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The fine structure of Borrelia duttonii has been studied by observing sections fixed with osmium tetroxide and treated with uranyl acetate. Both the cell body and the bundle of fibrils twisting around the cell are inclusively enveloped by the slime-like layer. In addition to the envelope the surface structure of the cell body appears to consist of two components: cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. The cell wall appears to be composed of an outer thin layer and of an inner broad layer, and the cytoplasmic membrane appears as a dense thin layer. At the time of cell division the cytoplasmic membrane, together with the cell wall, invaginates into the cytoplasm to form the septum.
The cytoplasm showing granular texture contains the nuclear regions which are situated at the central area along the longitudinal axis of the cell and have a lower average density than the cytoplasm. The nuclear regions are occupied by a fine network with random distribution of the nuclear fibrils. The appearance of the nuclear region is thought to be similar to that of the bacterial nuclei observed in the sections.
A membranous aggregate is seen near the periphery of the cytoplasm. A large laminated organelle also is shown in the nuclear region and its appearance closely resembles the membranous organelle observed in bacterial cells.

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Acetone-soluble lipids of egg yolk which support the growth of L. canicola in place of rabbit serum were fractionated by means of the counter-current distribution technique.
It was found that the factor necessary for supporting growth present in lipids consisted of two major groups. One of them is present in the fractions of the petroleum ether phase which may contain unsaturated fatty acids and glycerides. The other is present in the fractions of ethanol (85%, v/v) phase which may contain phospholipids.

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1. The effect of the X-agent could be demonstrated in the sedimentation rate of blood cells.
2. No identical rate was observed in different tubes containing the same blood suspension. This could be attributed neither to any different characters of individual tubes, nor to any differences in temperature or light.
3. The dissimilarity of the rate is believed to be due to a dissimilar dis-tribution of the X-agent in the place where the investigation was made. The X-agent apparently varied in character from spot to spot. It could be demon-strated that even in a very small space, extending only several cm, there seemed to be several different patches of pattern of the agent.
4. The pattern of the agent peculiar to a place appeared to vary with time; no two identical patterns could be found even in the same place. The characteristic feature of the X-agent, which is believed to consist in its variabi-lity with time and place, could thus again be demonstrated in the sedimentation rate of blood cells.

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1. Seven staphylococcal coagulase types were differentiated by cross neutralization tests with anticoagulase rabbit sera and normal human sera."Newman" coagulase manifested the cross-reaction with that of Stp.-12, but each of the other coagulases was antigenically specific.
2. The distribution of anticoagulases was investigated in 74 normal adult human sera with 5 different coagulases, and more than one types of anticoagulase was demonstrated in 56 of the 74 sera tested.
3. In normal human sera, a parallel relationships was recognized between the extent of distribution of anticoagulase among a population and the magnitude of antibody response.

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