1. Phagostatin, a new antiphage antibiotic, inhibited the T3 phage growth at the concentration of 1mcg/ml. The growth of uninfected host cells was not inhibited significantly at this concentration.
2. In the presence of this drug infective centers lost their plaque forming ability without premature lysis. This kind of impairment was not reversed by removal of the drug.
3. The drug did not prevent intracellular viral synthesis, at least until the end of the minimum latent period.
4. The infected cells modified by the action of the drug for 15 minutes or more were so changed that they were no longer able to be lysed by potassium cyanide. They could be partly lysed by ultrasonic vibration.
5. The main action of phagostatin appears to inhibit lysis of infected cells without preventing intracellular viral growth.
6. Relationships between mechanisms of lysis of infected cells and intracellular viral growth have been discussed.

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Using guinea pigs immunized with the commercial pertussal vaccine and type O pertussis vaccine, the inhibition of the development of interalveolitis caused by the intracutaneous inoculation of pertussis crude toxin was investigated.
In the group immunized with the commercial vaccine, lesions similar to the untreated control, fully developed atelectatic tnteralveolitis extending to the subpleura was inhibited. Consequently, the commercial vaccine was assumed an antitoxic immunity in the lung tissue.

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Chlortetracycline (CTC) was administrated to five healthy adults in a daily dose of 0.1∼20mg for 20∼107 days, and the change in the intestinal bacterial flora, in vitamin-B₂ level in blood and skin reaction were observed.
1. In cases given a daily dose of 10 and 20mg no change was observed except a tendency toward constipation and a concurrent increase in colon bacilli and enterococci in stool during administration.
2. In all the cases resistant strains emerged during drug administration especially among strains of colon bacilli which were found to show resistance of 100μg/cc. However, these strains disappeared after stopping the administration of CTC.
3. Over a 4 month period after the end of the administration skin tests were carried out using CTC solution, the results were negative in all cases.
4. The use of chlortetracycline in preserving fish was discussed.

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Antigenic structure and phase variations of H. parapertussis are described. There exist three antigenic phases: Phase I has capsular thermolabile L antigen, capsular thermostable S antigen, and somatic thermostable O antigen; phase III₁ and III₂ lack capsular antigens. Phase III₁ has the same O antigen 2 as phase I, while phase III₂ lacks it. Phase III₁ and III₂ have a common O antigen 3. Variations are produced changing phase I to phase III₁, and phase III₁ to phase III₂, Phase I is the pathogenic phase and has an hemagglutinin, high toxicity, and protective antigenicity.

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Sulfur metabolism of S. miami, S. sendai and a variant of S. sendai was studied. These strains respectively utilize sulfur in the form of SO₄, SO₃, S₂O₃. By stepwise adaptation the latter two strains have come able to utilize SO₄. A close relationship between the gradual adaptation of sulfur metabolism and the need for the compounds in the metabolic pathway from NH₃ to tryptophan was observed.

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The endotoxin or O-antigen of Shigella flexneri 2b (K₃) has been separated into three components of which only one is biologically active by zone electrophoresis according to Kunkel's method using M/20 borate buffer pH 9.0. The active substance which moves fastest toward the cathode was further separated with calcium phosphate gel into two fractions, lipid-peptide-polysaccharide and polyuronide. The endotoxin thus prepared contained 18% lipid, 24% peptide and 52% polysaccharide. Amino acids detected in the peptide fraction of purified endotoxin were lysine, tyrosine, alanine, and cystine. Polysaccharide was composed of rhamnose, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine (approximately 4:2:1) and uronic acid. By Ouchterlony's agar-diffusion method, the purified endotoxin was shown to be immunologically homogeneous.

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In the present paper and the preceding two reports^{(1, 2)} the author has clarified and described the main features of the selective effects of the desoxycholate-citrate medium. The following characteristics were shown by coli and dysentery strains:
1) the decrease in the number of viable enteric bacteria grown in the desoxycholate-citrate medium was most remarkable in coli strains,
2) the decrease in the oxygen consumption paralleled the decrease of viable cells,
3) the decrease of the stainability of bacterial cells with basic, nucleic acidstaining dyes (or the decrease of the number of normally staining cells) was proportional to the above two decreases,
4) nucleic acids (probably accompanied with other cell constituents) were actually released into the medium,
5) citrate promoted the above effects of desoxycholate, and
6) the effect of citrate was counteracted by magnesium ion (or by manganese ion) which restored the growth suppressed by the desoxycholate-citrate medium.
Among these, details of nucleic acids released into the desoxycholate-citrate medium, and observations on the nutritional requirements of enteric organisms grown on desoxycholate-containing media are reported in this paper. The action of desoxycholate and related substances and its relation to bacterial activity are discussed in connection with a possible mechanism of the selective effect of this medium.
In conclusion, the principal feature of the selection mechanism of the desoxychorate-citrate medium is considered to depend on or to have a close relationship to the nucleic acid-extracting or the nucleoprotein-splitting action of desoxycholate, which strips off the superficial cell constituents, forcing bacteria to survive under critical conditions. The difference among species and strains is presumed to result in the selective growth of shigellas in combination with the action of citrate and other nutritional condition of basal media.

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When Shigella flexneri lb, 3 and 4b were cultured in a broth containing type or group factor serum, variants deficient of the type or group antigen could be easily obtained. S. flexneri lb and 4b were converted to S. flexneri 3 with the loss of their respective type antigens. It was found that the presence of group 6 antigen was an indispensable condition for the occurrence of these variations. And type III antigen and group 6 antigen of S. flexneri 3 never underwent loss variation independently of each other.
These two antigens were more unstable against alkali than other type or group antigens of S. flexneri, losing their serological specificity when treatedwith a 0.5per cent NaOH solution at 0ªC for one hour.

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1. Pertussis antitoxic factor serum containing no agglutinin was prepared by absorbing it with pertussis phase I bacteria which had been heated at 56ª C for 1 hour.
2. When absorbed antitoxic serum was further fractionated by zone electrophoresis, antitoxin was obtained as γ-globulin.
3. Antitoxin was electrophoretically homogeneous, free of agglutinin and contained an antitoxic titer corresponding to that of unabsorbed serum.
4. Antitoxin was ineffective in the intracerebral protection test in mice.

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1) The nature of the complement fiixing antigen synthesized in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells after exposure to ED virus are described. Ehrlich CFA is resistant to heating at 56ªC for 30 minutes but is destroyed completely by heating at 65ªC for 30 minutes. Most of the antigenicity was destroyed by the action of trypsin. CFA was separated from the hemagglutinin or egg infectivity of virus particle by adsorption with red cells or centrifugation at 24, 000×g for 90 minutes.
2) This antigen was precipitated with specific immune antiserum. Analysis of the specific precipitates revealed that this antigen is composed of ribonucleoprotein.
24 hours after virus challenge, the amount of RNA in this antigen reached about 2.5% of total RNA of the Ehrlich tumor cell and then Ehrlich tumor cells underwent rapid oncolysis.
3) Differential centrifugation of 0.25M sucrose extract of Ehrlich tumor cells infected with ED virus reveals that some of the complement fixing antigen was situated in the subcellular particle fraction and supernatant fraction, but that most of the antigen was in the fraction precipitated at 120, 000×g for 90 minutes.
4) Electron microscopic changes of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells challenged with ED virus are described. Three types of inclusion bodies were present in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells apparently undergoing degeneration by infection with ED virus. The first type consisted of an ovoid matrix containing homogenously dense population of high density particles with an average diameter of 350Å The second body consisted of multiple round foci which were remarkably homogenous plaques of low to moderate density with their central portions appearing more or less dark. The third type of inclusions is the multilayered shell inclusions containing no particulate bodies.
5) The significance of these inclusion bodies and interaction of RNA between virus and Ehrlich tumor cells are discussed.

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The properdin system was shown to decrease following the preparatory intracutaneous injection in the Sh-R, but increase following excision of the local skin. This suggests that serum properdin may be attracted to the local skin. Properdin levels fell and rose after the challenge antigen and a distinct difference between the Sh-R positive and negative cases was noticed.
In Gross-Ogatg's inhibition this alteration appeared to be delayed and to be slight.
Properdin is not similar to the original Sh-antibody, and it may be included in the Sh-blocking antibody. Serum properdin is also related to the bactericidal activity in the Sh-R.
These experiments suggests that the Sh-R is a nonspecific antigen-antibody reaction between Sh-f and properdin.

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1. Pertussis antitoxic rabbit serum was prepared by a series of subcutaneous injections of sonic extract of pertussis phase I bacteria.
2. A specific agglutinin, antitoxin and mouse protective antibody existed in Cohn's fraction II. These antibodies could not be separated from each other by chemical and physical methods.
3. By zone electrophoresis these three antibodies were found in the γ-globulin fraction in rabbit sera.
4. In fractionation of pertussis immune horse sera by cold ethanol or zone electrophoresis, agglutinins were concentrated in both β-and γ₂-globulin fractions, the antitoxin in γ₂-globulin fraction, but mouse protective antibody could not be demonstrated quantitatively.

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1. DL-and L-serine which stimulate the germination of spores of B. subtilis (PCI 219) have a inhibitory effect on the growth of germinated spores of B. subtilis when L-glutamic acid, L-alanine and L-asparagine were added to the synthetic medium.
2. Serine has an inhibitory effect on the growth of germinated spores in meat infusion broth.
3. The causes of inhibition were discussed.

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