In modern Kinki dialects, ren'yo imperatives (RIs), whose form is the same as the infinitive (ren'yo) form, are used. In this study, I investigated the formation of RIs. I studied archival data on historical Kinki (Kamigata) dialects and concluded that RIs were derived from the honorific affix jaru as follows: ik-i-jar-e (ik-: stem, -i-: thematic vowel, -jar-: honorific affix, -e: imperative) > ik-i-ja (ik-: stem, -i-: thematic vowel, -ja: honorific affix - imperative) > ik-i-ja (ik-: stem, -i-: RI, -ja: sentence final particle) Originally, the imperative form of the honorific affix jaru was jare. In the late 17th century, the imperative form became ja, which was the same form as the sentence final particle ja. In addition, the imperative honorific affix ja, which had lost its honorific meaning, could be used as an impolite imperative form. Thus, the form before ja is analyzed as the imperative. The formation of RIs is attributed to the impoliteness of the use of traditional imperative forms (meirei imperatives). Various dialects in Modern Japanese have imperatives that are derived from the honorific affix peculiar to each area. This fact supports the idea that RIs are also derived from the honorific affix.

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The first edition of the Ei-wa Taiyaku Shuchin Jisho (英和対訳袖珍辞書) in 1862 is well known as the first English-Japanese dictionary published in Japan. In previous studies, it has been said that approximately 60-70% of the Japanese words in the Ei-wa Taiyaku Shuchin Jisho are the same as the words in the Oranda Jii (和蘭字彙), a 1855-58 Dutch-Japanese dictionary. However, it has been difficult to distinguish each of the Japanese words which was not extracted from the Oranda Jii accurately. By producing an electronic text of all the Japanese translations in the Oranda Jii, this study makes it possible to search for individual the Japanese words in the dictionary more easily. Therefore, this paper endeavors to show examples of Japanese words in the Ei-wa Taiyaku Shuchin Jisho which were not extracted from the Oranda Jii. In addition, this paper points out some of the characteristics of the translated words in the dictionary as well as its editing policy.

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The form -teya is used as a subject honorific expression in the dialects spoken in the western area of Toyama Prefecture (Gosei area). There are morphological and semantic differences between -teya used in the southern part of Gosei, e.g., Inami area of Nanto City, and that used in downtown of Takaoka City located in the northern part of Gosei. Semantically, -teya (Inami) denotes the continuous aspect, and -teya (Takaoka) does not. Morphologically, -teya (Inami) can be analyzed as a combination of -te and a kind of auxiliary form -ya, based on the facts that it has the negative form te(n)-nai and its accentual pattern resembles -te-V constructions as -te-yaru and -te-aru. -Teya (Takaoka), on the other hand, should be regarded as a suffix as a whole because the corresponding negative form is V-ndeya (V-NEG-teya) and its accentual pattern is the same as the te-form and to-form of the verbs. Although -teya/-tezya used in Kamigata and Chugoku dialects is analyzed as a combination of -te and copula -ya/-zya, this analysis cannot be applied to -teya in Inami and Takaoka. The Gokayama dialect spoken in the far southern area of Gosei has the subject honorific form -te-yaru, which was derived from *-te-aru (aru: existential verb) and denotes continuous aspect. This suggests the historical change *-te-aru > -te-yaru (Gokayama: continuous) > -te-ya (Inami: continuous) > -teya (Takaoka: non-continuous).

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