The effects of sex, strain and age differences and hair plucking on skin enzymes were investigated. The enzymes examined are β-acetylglucosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase, acid phosphatase, hyaluronidase, (lysosomal enzymes) cytochrome oxidase, monoamine oxidase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, (mitochondorial enzymes) alkaline phosphatase, 5′-nucleotidase, (membranous enzymes) lactate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. (cytosomal enzymes) Studies on isozymes were also made for some enzymes.

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Effect of anions of Ca-salts on the activity of the Bacterial Alkaline Protease (BAP) was studied by the Casein-Folin method and it was found that BAP in solution is activated by addition of CaCO₃ among the Ca-salts employed. Activation of BAP in solution by CaCO₃ was greater with lowering of enzyme unit. Stability of BAP in solution was enhanced by the addition of CaCO₃.

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It is said that the TEXTUROMETER gives some informations about “hardness”, “cohesivenss” “adhesiveness”, etc. of foods. We attempted to apply the TEXTUROMETER for estimating the sensory attributes of cosmetics, especially creams.
With regard to “spreadability” of nourishing creams, a good correlation was obtained except for some w/o type creams; these w/o type creams were very sticky in spite of their medium hardness.
Assuming that “spreadability” of creams consists of two factors; “hardness” and “stickiness”, we measured the attributes of twelve nourishing creams with the TEXTUROMETER and the PLASTOMETER. The TEXTUROMETER-measured value being used as the parameter of “hardness” and the PLASTOMETER-measured value as “stickiness”, a very good correlation between the sensory “spreadability” and the estimated value was obtained.
This result provides valuable information regarding contribution of these two factors to “spreadability” of creams.

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We tried to detect Sialic acid in Placentaliquid (PL) obtained from bovine-placenta and presence of N-acetylneuramic acid (NANA) as one form of Sialic acid has been predicted.
After separation with paper-chromatography, ketoamino sugar acids were identified as NANA by absorption spectrum of colored substance with periodate-thiobarbituric acid and resorcinol-Cu²⁺-HCl reagents.
We substituted the determined value of ketoamino sugar acids from the color reaction for Sialic acid content in PL. This method will be useful both as a new method of evaluation of natural extracts predicted to contain Sialic acid and as study of bioactivity of theextracts.

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The purpose of study was to scientiffically characterize the skin elasticity and slipping property on living body for cosmetic efficacy.
For this purpose, authors developed the measuring methods and instruments, corresponding to sensory skin evaluation of cosmetic users. The principle of each instrument is “suction cup” and “slip resistance” method. The measuring conditions were determined by the simulation of action for sensory skin evaluation.
The chart of skin elastometer denoted skin softness and skin elasticity. By this instrument, we measured the innerside of forearm of about 2000 women in several districts of Japan.
It was substantiated the mean skin softness of Kanto district was smaller than of Tohoku district, and the elasticity decreased with aging.
Moreover, the another instrument was useful for substantiation of cosmetic efficacy such as massaging.

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Some properties of ethylene and triethylene glycol esters as pearling agent have been studied. Glycol esters as commercially available pearling agents are composed of many compounds as symmetric (16-EG-16 and 18-EG-18 etc.), asymmetric (16-EG-18 and 14-EG-18 etc.) diesters and monoesters. We found that pearl appearling temperature depends on melting point of glycol diesters and vanishing temperature is equal to them. Viscosity and foaming height were affected with additive of each glycol esters, except for asymmetric diesters. Following conculusion could be established that asymmetric glycol diesters, especially 16-EG-18 and 16-TEG-18 have more desirable properties than symmetric ones.

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There are many reports relating to the differences of free amino acids between abnormal skin and normal one, however their relations remain still unclear.
The behaviors of free amino acids in the stratum corneum of normal epidermis and abnormal one which was artifically induced by UV-irradiation and application of surfactant were examined.
Free amino acids in the stratum corneum of epidermis changed with region of body, seasons and ages. Especially citrulline and ornithine showed characteristic behaviors. It was suggested that citrulline and ornithine were related with each other.
By UV-irradiation and application of surfactant, the amounts and composition of free amino acids were changed. The behaviors of changes were the same in both cases; citrulline and ornithine were characteristic.
These phenomena suggested that free amino acids in the stratum corneum reflected the epidermal keratinization. By analysis of free amino acids extracted from the human skin, useful informations relating to skin conditions will be offered.

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In order to analyze main components of cosmetics by ¹³C-NMR, we have developed the compact and simplified information retrieval system by using IBM S/34.
The original data are consisted of about 500. These are standard spectra of raw materials mostly used in cosmetics.
The data base is composed of max 10 selected signals and its reproducibility, which characterize partial or total structure.
By changing signal matching allowance range according to each data base signal's reproducibility, we have successfully determined main components of cosmetics.
For example, analyzing several cosmetics by this useful method, despite some incorrect components answers, we are able to determine all its main components. These incorrect answers are considered to be due to the similarity of standard signals.

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Effects of blending homogeneous octaoxyethylene-monododecyl ether and pure lipophilic surfactants on cloud point (Cp), PIT and emulsifying properties have been studied.
Cp is proportional to HLB value of mixture. The efficiency of PIT reduction is different with respect to structure of lipophilic surfactant, and the lower HLB lipophilic surfactans have smaller efficiency of PIT reduction. PIT is linearly decreased with increasing the fraction of MGS in mixture, and efficiency of PIT reduction is larger at high fraction of BL-3 SY in mixture. BL-2SY and DGS have better O/W emulsifying properties. (BL-nSY: homogeneous POE dodecylether, MGS: glyceryl mono-stearate, DGS: glyceryl di-stearate)

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One of the most important attributes of Make-up Base is its covering power. However, in the evaluation of covering power on Make-up Base no instrumental methods are available and recourse must be had to panel testing.
The subjective appraisal of the covering power on Make-up Bases (24 samples) was made by 13 specialists, the observations were analyzed, and a multiple regression equation was drivel.
The following results were obtained.
(1) A multiple regression equation for estimating the covering power on Make-up Base was drivel, taking as variables S and ΔE which are related to the shear strees and the color difference between skin color itself and the one seen through Make-up Base film applied.
The multiple correlation and contribution factor were 0.96 and 0.92, respectively.
(2) This means the estimated covering power by the present regression equation agrees fairly well with that obtained by observation.

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As an index of emulsification power for the complex, the particle size distribution and/or the average paticle size to liquid paraffin was measured by means of Coulter Counter in relation to the alkylchain length of triethanolamine (TEA) fatty acid, the molar ratio of TEA fatty acid to a cationic cellulose, the amount of complex and the kinds of surfactant:
1. The average particle size of liquid paraffin depended on the alkyl chain length of fatty acid to the aqueous solution of cationic celluse. The particle size was minimum at C₁₄ in alkyl chain length of fatty acid.
2. In case of a cationic cellulose-TEA myristate complex, the particle size was changed according to the molar ratio of TEA myristate to cationic cellulose. The particle size gradually decreased with the increasing of the molar ratio up to 0.6. Above this point, it was nearly as same as that at the molar ratio of 0.6.
3. The particle size decreased with the increasing of the complex amount.
4. The particle size was changed by the kinds of anionic surfactant, with which cationic cellulose reacts to form a complex.

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