Many different approaches have been adopted to predict the regional population. It is, however, very difficult to predict the in-/out-migration in a small area, since the migration rates are not homogeneous over the urban space. The lack of data-base on local migration also keeps us away from the numerical studies in this field. This study describes the method for constructing the age-sex and in-/out-migration in a small area using the existing materials based on the population census. Furthermore, we attempt to analyze the spatial distribution of migration rates from the point of view of the place inherence.

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This paper investigates a problem which arises when we wish to determine a region whose density is not less than a pre-determined density. It is observed that the area of the region varies according to the size of spatial data units although the density is fixed. To avoid this variation, we propose a 'variational' density which guarantees that the expected area of the region is invariant regardless of the size of spatial data units. As a simple example, the invariant density is explicitly obtained in the case of the Poisson point process.

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This study attempts to quantitatively investigate the relatinship between agricultural land use and environmental factors through synthsizing various types of spatial data. The study area is the Tokachi Plain in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. In this analysis, data were transformed from raster data to vector data, creating a synthesizing data bank. Next, this study clarified the relationship between several types of spatial data in detail. In this study, agricultural land use was classified into rice, wheat, root crops and beans, crops for industrial processing, vegetables, feed crops, and horticulture. Environmental factors included altitude, slope angle, slope aspect, geomorphology, surface geology, soil type, temperature during the summer, and precipitation during the summer. In the overlay analysis of agricultural land use and these environmental factors, it was clarified that the land use type was determined by the geomorphology, the surface geology, and the temperature during summer in the Tokachi Plain. In future, agricultural planning will have to rely more and more upon data banks synthesized from various data sources. Correspndingly, the development of synthesizing techniques is of great importance for decision making.

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This paper describes a model for recognition of spatial relation in 1/2500 scaled map using "the first-neighboring spatial object topology model". It is calculated using not only the road-network represented by crossings and roads but also the building-network. It is represented by the spatial relation between building objects located in their first neighboring position. Therefore its relation is flexible to correspond to various situation in map recognition.
In this paper, we pick up building objects in 1/2500 scaled map, and calculate reasonable model presenting localized topology. We experimentally verified that the proposed model is effectively applied for generating a verbal route guidance to the required destination.

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Many of GIS software are based on the layer model. Recently the limitation or defect of the layer model has begun to be pointed out. In this paper we would like to clarify the bad point of high wall of the polygon layer separating the arc to be shared. In order to share arcs in multi-layer polygon, we propose a new data structure called PCR(Polygon Create Rule)

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This paper deals with requirements of data for choosing locations for projects and regulations under a restoration plan. Basic data for choosing locations are compared data provided by the Urban Planning Basic Survey defined by Ministry of Construction. The results show that the Urban Planning Basic Survey provides most of data required by a restoration plan. The results, however, show that it is difficult to apply those data directly to planning processes.

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Many countries including Japan have been conducting ODA projects in various areas. These vary from hardware-oriented projects such as engineering works to software-oriented projects, namely, social development projects, such as education and extension. The results of a hardware-oriented project are visible and easily evaluated, but those of a software-oriented project are more difficult to evaluate. The authors have been involved in the Reforestation and Extension Project in the Northeast of Thailand (REX), a software-oriented project which aims to promote reforestation by rural villagers themselves. This project has entered its final year and the authors have tried to establish a new method to evaluate it using a GIS application. This paper introduces our trials, and then describes a model way of application of GIS in a software-oriented project.

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An attempt was made to construct a prototype database system for water temperature using geographical information such as the attributes of monitoring points in Japan and the surrounding sea, and World Databank II. First, we collected sample data on temperature and information such as the location, attributes and observation systems of stations for monitoring of inland water and seawater temperature through questionnaires in Japan. Secondly, datafiles for the attributes and factual data were constructed. Finally the retrieval system was developed using parameters such as the locality number of each point, the latitude and longitude of the point, frequency of data sampling, method of temperature sensing, kind of sensor, sensor depth, media for raw data and the frequncy of data recording.

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