Theory and Applications of GIS

Adaptability of Conjoint Analysis to Evaluate Residents' Preferences for Information Services with Web GIS

Tohru OHBA

2007 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 49-58
Published: December 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.15.49

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It is realistic to build GIS application systems step by step in many local governments. For that purpose, local governments have to decide the order of priority. This paper examines the adaptability of conjoint analysis to evaluate residents' preferences for some information services with Web GIS. Trial profiles were composed of monthly fee and three kinds of information services, which are road information service, historic heritage information service and child-care information service. This paper examines respondents' ability of ranking eight profiles with the three information services, pricing profiles properly, suitability of conjoint analysis in comparison of Contingent Valuation Method and the difference of the preferences among respondents.

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Does the history of local community affect social capital?

Analyzing a large-scale questionnaire survey by using old topographical maps

Tomoya HANIBUCHI, Yukinobu ICHIDA, Hiroshi HIRAI, Katsunori KONDO

2007 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 59-70
Published: December 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.15.59

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This study elucidates the relationships between social capital and the period in which the residential area was developed. By using GIS and old topographical maps, we identified the development periods as t₁ (pre-1890) to t₅ (post-1980) for the residential area, in which the samples (n=10, 878) of a large-scale questionnaire survey were located, in the Japanese Chita peninsula. Logistic regression analysis was then conducted using the 12 social capital index as dependent variables, and the development period of the residential area as independent variables. We summarize the results as follows: (1) the social capital is higher in the older residential areas, especially for structural social capital compared with cognitive social capital; (2) samples of t₄ (1960-1980) have different characteristics from the other development periods; (3) even after the control for the individuals' years of residence, the older residential areas still exhibited higher levels of social capital.

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Evaluation of the Spatial Smoothing Effect; Presumption of Point Distribution in the Spatial Smoothing Map

Ryoichi NAKASHIMA, Yukio SADAHIRO

2007 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 71-80
Published: December 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.15.71

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This paper evaluates a map expression, which is the spatial smoothing of the point distribution, from the map user's standpoint. In general, if a spatial data is smoothed, we may focus on a global structure of the distribution. In this case, it is thought that the amount of the location information in the map decreases. So, the degree of smoothing affects the way and result of map use. In this paper, the probabilistic model that expressed the man's acknowledgment of spatial smoothing map is presumed. An experiment was performed that asked subjects to presume the position of the point in the spatial smoothing map. Using the observed data, the models are estimated and their significance is evaluated by AIC. The model obtained in this paper is effective for explaining how a man recognizes the position of the point in the spatial smoothing map, and discussing the optimal level of smoothing of the spatial smoothing map.

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Geographical clustering for small areas

handling outliers and spatial smoothing

Takashi KIRIMURA

2007 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 81-92
Published: December 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.15.81

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There are two important problems in clustering of small area statistics: handling of outliers in small area statistics and complexity of spatial distribution of typologies created by classifying small areas. The purpose of this paper is to show a procedure of geographical clustering using small area statistics in order to solve these problems. According to the results of two examinations, Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) constraining the range of updating weights is better classifier than K-means. As to the issue of simplifying spatial distribution of typologies, we showed that there are relations between the level of the spatial smoothing and the spatial extent of the study area.

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GIS data of drainage basin for object-oriented structure modeling and its application to hydraulic analysis

Jun KOYAMA, Shigeo OGAWA, Hiroshi YOSHISAKO, Takeo SHIMA

2007 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 93-102
Published: December 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.15.93

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Considering the concept of object-oriented GIS, the mutual relationship of GIS data for hydraulic analysis was considered, and GIS data of drainage basin was constituted for object-oriented structure model. To facilitate the processing and representation of GIS object data, a GIS software program with the customized functions was developed. Customized functions were 1) auxiliary editing, 2) automated functions for elucidating relationships between objects and others, and 3) automatic generation and display functions for the results of hydraulic analysis. The program was applied to the hydraulic analysis in a river basin with 191 reservoirs and 211 channels, and hydraulic analysis data in this basin was automatically generated. As a result, large labor saving was enabled. The program was also applied to a multiphase functional evaluation of an agricultural waterway, and was proved useful for assessing the continuity of a fish habitation network divided by weirs or pumps.

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Development of a tool for network Voronoi cross K function methods

Toshiaki SATOH, Atsuyuki OKABE

2007 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 103-110
Published: December 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.15.103

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The purposes of this paper are: to propose the network Voronoi cross K function(NVCKF)methods which analyze the distribution of points in relations to points, lines and polygons on network Voronoi areas; and to develop a GIS-based tool for performing thesemethods. First, the paper explains the planar Voronoi cross K function(PVCKF)method which analyzes the points in relations to points on planar Voronoi areas. Second, the paper formulates the point NVCKF method and the line NVCFK method by extending the PVCKF method to a network. Third, the paper implements these computation methods as a GIS-basedtool. Last, the paper tests applicability of the proposed methods to actual data analysis usingthe tool.

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Analysis of local distortions in a historical map "Rakuchu-Ezu"

Akihiro TSUKAMOTO, Yuzuru ISODA

2007 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 111-121
Published: December 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.15.111

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The purpose of this study is to examine the accuracy of "Rakuchu-Ezu" circa 1642, a map of Kyoto drawn in the early Edo period. This map is reportedly a survey map. However, previous studies for this map suggest non-uniform scale and inaccurate surveyed values. This study systematically measures the distortions in the map and analyzes the overall and local precision of the map using GIS. Along side the large margin of distortions in the northern and the southeast part of the map as reported existing literatures, local variation in accuracy and spatial clusters having similar common coordinate distortions have been identified.

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Development of two dimensional polygon analysis tool and example of its usage

Ken-ichi UMEZU

2007 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 123-128
Published: December 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.15.123

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In recent days, we usually analyze polygon objects using applications of GIS and CAD in the civil engineering. For example, in urban design, we draw polygons with lot of lines and link them with land information, person information, and the negotiation records. It aims at the cost reduction business and the efficiency improvement of the business. Now, there are many GIS and CAD applications, however, most of them are too expensive. Therefore we have developed polygon analysis tool by VB (Visual Basic) and we have analyzed gravel polygons using this tool. In this report, we describe two dimensional polygon analysis tool and we show an example of its usage for investigating the grain size distribution of river gravels.

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Word clustering based on co-occurrence information in English GIS textbooks

Nobuto TAKAHASHI, Atsuyuki OKABE

2007 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 129-136
Published: December 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5638/thagis.15.129

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The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship among GIS terms using a text mining technique. The procedure was: first, every page of twenty one GIS textbooks was scanned and digital texts were obtained; second, the 105 most frequently used terms were selected from the index terms in the twenty one textbooks; last, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis were applied to the 105 terms where the distance between terms was measured by the co-occurrence index. The results are summarized as follows: 8 distinct clusters were found; the cluster characterized by how to manage the spatial data was placed in the central area of the MDS map; the two axes of the MDS map could be labeled as "the system management and data using" and "the data acquisition and modeling".

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