Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research
Online ISSN : 1883-2261
Print ISSN : 0389-1763
ISSN-L : 0389-1763
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Volume 45, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Original Papers
  • Studies on the Work Load of the Aged Worker in Citrus Tree Fields
    Hirofumi KAWANISHI, Yoshihiro NISHIKAWA, Gab-soo DO
    2010 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 3-12
    Published: March 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.45.3
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The work load of aged worker (a male, 78years) worked in the citrus tree fields was investigated as a case study. The results obtained were as follows.
    1) The average RMR (Relative metabolic rate) of the aged during chemical spraying work was 5.8 in the terraced fields, 4.0 in the steep slope fields, 3.6 in the slope fields and 3.3 in the horizontal fields. However, the maximum RMR was 6.9 in the terraced fields, 5.8 in the steep slope fields, 4.4 in the slope fields and 4.1 in the horizontal fields. The heart rate index and (%HRR/100, where %HRR is a % of the maximum heart rate reserve) were 67.1 and 0.61 in the terraced fields, 59.3 and 0.532 in the step slope fields, 58.0 and 0.519 in the slope fields, and 56.0 and 0.505 in the horizontal fields, respectively.
    2) In chemical spraying work, the heart rate of the aged workers continued increasing from the start of operations to the end. Therefore the aged should avoid chemical spraying work in the terraced fields.
    3) The average RMR of the aged worker was between 3.2 and 3.6 in picking fruit. The heart rate index in picking fruit was between 35.8 and 47.8, the elevation in heart rate index B showed the same degree as with RMR results, but the other heart rate index a lesser degree than RMR results. (%HRR/100) results were between 0.265 and 0.319, and lower than the RMR results.
    4) The RMR data from piling and discharging conteners of loaded fruit on the platform tracks were between 2.4 and 2.6. But the elevated heart rate index was between the lesser degree and higher degree during piling and between the same degree and the lesser degree in discharging than the RMR results. The elevation of (%HRR/100) was the same in piling and a lesser degree in discharging than the RMR results.
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  • Present Situation of Tractor Implement Row-following Operation in Large-scale Upland Farming
    Baoming SHEN, Tadatoshi SATOW, Kunihisa IMAMURA, Kazunori HIRONAKA, Ta ...
    2010 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 13-19
    Published: March 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.45.13
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    This study was to examine farmer's working conditions and the accuracy of tractor implements in following rows in a field, and to consider the most appropriate control speed of such implements as preliminary research for the development of an automatic guidance system.
    1) In the case of seeding and transplanting, 10 to 16 percent of farmers' work time (driving a tractor) was used to check the position of attached implements. In cultivating and weeding, it was 16∼27%.
    2) Concerning the accuracy of the row-following function of tractor implements, uniformity in row spacing is important. However, in actuality, the spacing of most fields varies between rows. Differences in row spacing ranged from 7.5cm to 11.5cm in the cases of seeding and transplanting. Moreover, for cultivating and weeding, the biggest observed difference was 8.2cm. Consequently, implement damage to crops was observed.
    3) When tractor working speed was adjusted to 2m/s for seeding and transplanting, the control speed of an actuator for the automatic guidance system was calculated to be 6.6cm/s. The maximum control speed of the actuator must be at least 10cm/s for cultivating and weeding.
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  • Cultivation of One Seed Sowing Method in Japanese Radish cv. Natsutukasa
    Nobuyuki FUKUOKA, Hisashi HASHIMOTO
    2010 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 21-27
    Published: March 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.45.21
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    Methods for optimizing Japanese radish cv. Natsutukasa cultivation using single seed sowing were assessed for individual plants by examining variations in seed size, seed sowing depth, type of teep seeder machine, and the effect of urea fertilizer application.
    The highest rates of germination were found in seeds, which had seed diameters exceeding approximately 2mm. Seed sowing depth also affected germination in radish plants and the occurrence of vacant hills increased with sowing depths below 3cm. Application of two grains of urea fertilizer at distances of 2cm from each seed point increased root thickening during the latter growth stage. We think that this combined method for single seed sowing cultivation is of practical use because the occurrence of vacant hills is similar to those of ordinary thinning cultivation and root thickening growth is intensified.
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Research Papers
  • Effects of Soil Compaction by Tractor Traffic on reclaimed soil in Isahaya Bay
    Tomohiro MIYAZAKI, Takashi OKAYASU, Yasunao YAMADA, Eiji INOUE
    2010 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 29-35
    Published: March 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.45.29
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    At a reclaimed field of Isahaya Bay, a vehicle running test was conducted using tractors, and the penetration resistance (cone index) of soil before and after the running was compared. From this result, the effects of a vehicle running load on tread-pressure characteristics and the formation of a hard pan that were observed in the reclaimed soil were investigated.
    The running compressed the soil near the surface, which increased the penetration resistance of the trodden place. An increase in penetration resistance became remarkable according to the number of running, and its span of effect spread in a depth direction.
    The penetration resistance after drying increased compared with the day just after the running test. On the other hand, through measurement ten days after the seepage, a decrease in penetration resistance was observed at all the depth. This phenomenon was due to a change in the suction of soil caused by drying and seepage, which verified that a change in soil hardness was also caused by a change in the water content of soil.
    As for the distribution of the penetration resistance of soil, the distribution region of lower penetration resistance spread further as the water content of soil increased. In particular, when water content was 68.4%, and soft soil was observed at up to the deeper soil. From these facts, it was considered that the compression of soil due to a vehicle running load under the condition of high water content was not liable.
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  • Tractor Power Requirement of No-Tillage Seeder under Different Cover Crop Residue Management
    Yanzhong ZHAO, Tiejun ZHAO, Masakazu KOMATSUZAKI
    2010 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 37-44
    Published: March 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.45.37
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    No-tillage with cover crop has great potential to improve soil quality, however, it is still not clear what no-tillage seeding technique should be used under cover crop residue mulch in upland crop production. In this research, to identify the optimum no-tillage seeding management, no-tillage seeder performance and power requirement were measured in relation to different cover crop residue management.
    The tractor power required for the no-tillage seeder was higher with rye cover crop than hairy vetch and a mixture of rye and hairy vetch. Cover crop residue also showed a significant difference in the power required by the no-tillage seeder. Mowing the cover crop significantly reduced the power requirement compared with bush cutting. Termination of cover crop growth was another factor that significantly affected the power required. Late April growth termination of cover crop showed a lower power requirement than early May growth termination. As the amount of cover crop residue increased, the power requirement also increased, although the rye and hairy vetch mixture showed relatively lower power requirement. These results suggest that rye and hairy vetch mixture and mowing treatment are appropriate for using a no-tillage seeder under cover crop residue mulch.
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  • Study on Efficient Heating Methods for Harvester to Prevent Secondary Infection of Red Perilla Bacterial Wilt
    Yuji NAGASAKI, Takefumi MATSUZAKI, Hiroaki TANAKA, Yoichi NAKAMOTO
    2010 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 45-49
    Published: March 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.45.45
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    Secondary bacterial wilt spread through a trimmer blade of a harvester has become a major issue in red perilla when crops are rotated in rice fields. To prevent infection, the trimmer blade must be heated above 90°C. Therefore, we considered an efficient method of sterilization in which the trimmer blade is heated.
    A direct method for heating the trimmer blade is hindered by the blade action : the wires might be cut by the trimmer blade swing at high speed. The obstacles were overcome with a method of indirect heating achieved with a cover plate over the trimmer blade, which included a built-in micro-sheath heater that exceeds the 90-degree requirement.
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