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Volume 29 (1994)
- Issue 3 Pages 167-
- Issue 2 Pages 79-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 29, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Katsunobu GANNO1994 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (767K) -
(V) Control of volunteer wheat by soil applied herbicide and calcium cyanamideMasakazu KOMATSUZAKI, Oritaro ENDO, Kazuji OSAKI1994 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 7-13
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe contamination of barley grains by mixing of volunteer wheat grain causes a serious problem in barley production in the alternating cropping system between barley and wheat.
Effect of several kinds of soil applied herbicide and calcium cyanamid on germinated seeds of volunteer wheat was investigated in field experiments.
CAT, linulon and alachlor had little inhibitory effect while trifuralin incorporated with the soil greatly inhibited the growth of volunteer wheat during the summer. But thus herbicides had little inhibitory effect in autumn.
Calucium cyanamid incorporated with the soil promoted the emergence of volunteer wheat during the summer, and consequently the amount of volunteer wheat was slight in autumn.
Calucium cyanamid is thus quite useful for reducing the production of volunteer wheat during the autumn.View full abstractDownload PDF (879K) -
(VI) Separating characteristics of rough rice separaters to contaminated barley by mixing of volunteer wheat grainMasakazu KOMATSUZAKI, Oritaro ENDO, Sigeru YOSHIZAKI, Kazuji OSAKI1994 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 14-20
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the separating characteristics of rough rice separaters to contaminated barley grains by mixing of volunteer wheat grains.
A principal factor in separation by rough rice separater was the difference ratio of grain length. So the difference ratio of grain length for barley and volunteer wheat grain were 1:0.78.
The performance of a rough rice separater for removing volunteer wheat grain from barley grain was poor, when separating the rice from the chuff. When the pan oscilation was 160rpm and pan slope, 16°, the rough rice separater efficiently removed volunteer wheat grain. So barley grain had met the standerd requirements at inspecting.
Then Newton's efficiency was 0.7. But thirty percent of the barley grain were discharged with wheat grain.
This operation was an emergency measure of prevention against the contamination of barley grain by mixing of volunteer wheat grain. Because barley grain loss on separating by rough rice separater resulted from falling in shipment of barley.View full abstractDownload PDF (785K) -
Naoki SAKAI, Satoshi YONEKAWA1994 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 21-27
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, the authors examined the relationship between germination percentage and three-dimensional shape factors of soybean seed in population (Variety: Enrei).
1) The group of 8.0-9.0mm classified by sieving was a majority in particle mass distribution of the population of 180kg seeds. In analysis on the reduced sample (600 seeds) selected randomly from the population, the data of the shape factors of seeds in population were regarded as normal distribution.
2) A particle mass had high positive correlation with length, surface area and volume of seed, and each linear function was shown in the tested 600 seeds. Particle density had negative correlation with other shape factors of seed.
3) Grouping classified by sieving did not effect on both germination percentages on field (GF) and on Petri dish (GP). This result was explained by some overlappings with the neighboring groups. Further, the GF data arranged in order of a particle mass were analyzed, but there were no significant differences between germinated group and ungerminated group by the t-test and the F-test.
4) In analysis on the 600 data arranged in order of a particle mass, the germination percentage of heavy mass seed group was higer than that of other groups. But the value was changed by grouping method.
5) An additional germination test on the Petri dish was practiced with an extended range of a particle mass and without the overlapping. Arranging in order of germination percentage, the result was heavy mass group>middle mass group>light mass group with the significant difference at 5% level.
6) To use only heavy mass seeds is not effective judging from the characteristics of particle mumber distribution. In practice, we propose to use seeds which are in the mean range of a particle mass in population at first, and use seeds in the range extended around the mean at second.View full abstractDownload PDF (928K) -
Many kinds of harvesting methodsMasahiro SEKI, Naotaka HAYASHI, Shoji MORIIZUMI1994 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 28-37
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Chinese yam is found deep under ground with an unique shape that is long, thin, and bigger in diameter at the lower. It is also fragile. Therefore it is difficult to harvest Chinese yams, in comparison with other roots. Though the harvesting process is been mechanized, a portion of the process is still done by man power unlike rice production which is completely machanized.
Chinese yam production is not directly proportional to the cultivation area. The yield of the chinese yam is affected significantly by pests, diseases and weather conditions. Since the Chinese yam price changes greatly from year to year, it is a high speculative crop.
Japan is dotted with Chinese yam fields from north, Hokkaido prefecture, to south, Tottori prefecture. As a result of climate differences, soil conditions and other factors, we have a variety of digging machinery and planting methods. In Japan, Chinese yam harvesting methods can be classified into 7 types.View full abstractDownload PDF (1239K) -
(IV) Influence of planting times on the growth and yield of yaconTeruo TSUKIHASHI, Makoto MIYAMOTO, Yoshio UTSUGI, Norio SUZUKI, Hiromi ...1994 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 38-43
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTuberous roots of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia) contain large amount of oligofructans. They drew great attention as raw materials for the extraction of oligofructans. So, it is necessary to the establish yacon cultivation techniques.
We have done an experiment on the date of planting for the growth and yield of yacon.
Planting were done on April 10, April 20, April 30 and May 10. Four replication were done at each planting.
The results were as follows:
1) The average soil temperature (10cm in depth) of the last ten days of April was 15.8°C.
2) Growth of yacon in all stages of April 10 planting was slow but the best in April 20 planting.
3) The top fresh weight was the lowest in April 10 planting but the highest in April 20 planting.
4) The yield of yacon tuberous roots in the weight and numbers were the lowest in April 10 planting but the highest in April 20 planting.
From the yield of yacon tuberous roots in each planting, it was suggested that the last ten days of April would be the most suitable planting time of yacon in this region. And it would be desirable to plant earlier, if the soil temperature rises about 15°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (689K) -
(III) Adoption to the Volcanic Soil (Soil Texture SiC)Michiaki ITO, Oritaro ENDO, Naoki SAKAI, Wataru SUNOHARA, Satoshi YONE ...1994 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 44-50
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study we practiced a joint experiment on tillage methods (PT, RT and NT) and soil types (volcanic L, volcanic SiC and sandy LS) simultaneously throughout the three places (Tokyo, Niigata and Shimane) from April in 1988 to June in 1991. In this paper we report the experimental results on six cropping for three years (crops=dent corn in summer and barley in winter) at volcanic SiC soil.
1) The emergence rate of NT was higher than other plots, and the rate of RT was lower at barley of fourth cropping. At dent corn of fifth cropping, there was no difference of emergence rate on the field between PT and RT, and the rate of NT was lower excessively than other plots.
2) Significant differences of the grain yield of dent corn were not observed in plots at the third cropping. The grain yield of barley decreased annually in every plots, but the rate of yield reduction of NT was the minimum among three plots. Significant differences of the grain yield among all plots were observed at the sixth cropping.
3) The quantity of weed of NT at the sixth cropping was smaller than those of PT and RT.
4) Significant differences of soil hardness (penetrating resistance) were observed in depth and plots. Soil hardness of NT were higher than other plots because of passed four months from the final tillage. In the results of soil hardness changes during one cropping, the hardness of RT approached the level of NT in depth of 20-30cm after two months from the final tillage, but the hardness of PT kept the effect of tillage untill each harvest.
5) No-tillage farming in continuous barley production at volcanic SiC soil was thought to be an effective system because of higher rate of emergence.View full abstractDownload PDF (902K) -
(IV) General Discussion on the Adaptability and ProblemsNaoki SAKAI, Satoshi YONEKAWA, Wataru SUNOHARA, Michiaki ITO, Oritaro ...1994 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 51-57
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, the authors practiced a joint experiment on tillage methods (PT·RT·NT) and soil types (volcanic L·sandy LS·volcanic SiC) simultaneously at the three places (Tokyo·Shimane·Niigata) from 1988. In this paper, we arranged the experimental results on six croppings at the three places for three years (crops=dent corn in summer and barley in winter), and discussed the adaptability and problems to a practical field in general.
1) Emergence percentage of NT in dent corn was low at all places, but the tendency in barley was different from that in dent corn. In NT, the problem of covering seeds with soil at planting was important.
2) The grain yield in both croppings of dent corn and barley at Tokyo was the highest among the places, but the yield at Shimane was the lowest. There were no differences in dent corn among the plots. In barley, the yield of RT was 97% of that of PT, and the yield of NT was 81% of that of PT. On an average in the places, the yield of barley of NT were the lowest among the plots.
3) In dent corn, the quantity of weed was the most at Tokyo among the places, and that of NT was the most among the plots. In barley, the quantity of weed at Niigata was the most among the places, and that of NT at Tokyo and that of RT at Niigata were the most among the plots.
4) The highest soil hardness (average penetrating resistance in all tested soil layers) was in NT, the middle was in RT and the lowest was in PT. The value at Shimane increased rapidly.
5) In soil three phases, the highest portions were an air% at Tokyo, a liquid% at Niigata and a solid% at Shimane.
6) No-tillage farming had the conspicuous reducing effects on direct energy and labor consumption. Judging from these results, to acquire the effect on advancing a planting date as 10-12 hours per hectare was not difficult by no-tillage farming.
7) We discussed the problem remained in a practical field.View full abstractDownload PDF (941K) -
Koichiro OKAZAKI, Masahiro MIYAZAKI, Yuji NAGASAKI, Shuji KOZAI1994 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 58-63
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe no tillage planter which was mounted on the small tractor with the straw mulching equipment was developed in order to improve the emergence on the converted paddy field in the warm west-southern districts of Japan.
1) At first, the chain tedder mounted on the front of a tractor removed barley straw, the powered single disk cuts the soil surface to form grooves (slits) for seeding. The seeds were distributed into this groove. After seeding, herbicide granules were applicated and straw mulch was applied by the tedder in the succeeding passage along the seeded area.
2) The chain tedder made smooth and efficient disposal of a large amount of straw. As the straw was applied as the mulch, it kept the good conditions for emergence of seed. Emergence percentage was quite higher than 80% even in wet conditions of 0.3 of consistency index.
3) This cultivation method made enable to get the yield of soybean more than 300kg/10a.View full abstractDownload PDF (1389K)
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