The mechanized farming model systems were constructed for three different farm households on the basis of the analyzed results of farm survey about the current farming system in sand dune field. A mathematical model was then developed by the multiple objective decision making (MODM) method in order to determine quantitatively the decision variables of the mechanized farming model systems which have from cropping patterns for paddy to agricultural machinery model. The study results were as follows.
1) The mechanized farming model systems were modeled for three different farm households. They consisted of cropping systems of paddy and upland, fruit crop model, livestock model and agricultural machinery model system. The number of decision variables for optimal design according to the number model of mechanized farming systems of full-time, the first kind part-time, and the second kind part-time farm household are 32, 28, and 28, respectively.
2) The mathematical model consist of 32 decision variables made from the mechanized farming model systems, 2 objectives and 20 constraint functions. The goals of objective function are maximization of agricultural incomes and optimum input of farm machinery. The modeled factors for constraint function are paddy area, controlled area of rice planting, upland area, orchard area, pasture land area, available farming capital, labor by month, and utilization rates of the cultivated land of paddy and upland.

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A decision variable of the mechanized farming model system was constructed on the basis of the results of farm survey about current farming system by three different farm households in sand dune field. The variable was optimally determined by the developed mathematical model and computer program. The results were as follows.
1) The planting areas of cropping system in paddy and upland, and fruit crop were designed for full-time farm household, mainly engaged in farming and mainly engaged in other activities, respectively, as well as livestock breeding was determined for fulltime farm household and mainly engaged in farming. In these results, utilization rates of the cultivated land and agricultural income were better than those of the conventional as much as 20%-80 % and 11%-24%, respectively. However, power input of farm machinery was lower than that of current farming system by as much as 45%-52%.
The required farming capital has deplaced the current farming capital holdings. Man power for June and August per one household of full-time farm household is more necessary than that of the current system as much as 0.5 and 1.1 persons, respectively. Those who mainly engaged in farming lacked man power only in August, by 0.6 person. On the contrary, the mechanized farming system designed for those mainly engaged in other activities, the man power of those employed in agriculture is possible.
2) The mechanized farming system optimally designed under constraint elements of the current farming system could increase agricultural income by as much as 24%. Thus, computerization of farm households and construction of agricultural information center are needed to introduce and realize the designed farming system in the farm households.
3) From the results of optimum design, agricultural machinery input for the current farming system was two excessive, therefore utilization method of farm machinery is necessary to protect over input of agricultural machinery by means of collaboration utilization of farm machinery and establishment of a group of mechanized farm work which is mainly composed of those employed in agriculture.
4) As a result of lack of labor, it is necessary to secure man power, and to develop agricultural machinery for upland in sand dune field such as planter and post harvesting machine for special crop like Baker's garlic, and to develop joint facilities for preparation and processing of Welsh onion.

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This investigation was carried out to develop air jet outlets attached to speed sprayers for hedgerow type apple orchards, and to obtain a suitable way of application.
The results are as follows:
1) Two kinds of air jet outlets to be attached to a commercially manufactured spped sprayer were made on an experimental basis. They had 55 degree spray angle on each side, which was suitable for spraying trees about 3m high.
2) The 85mm width outlet (type II) had 20% higher air velocity and 30% larger air horse power than the 120mm width outlet (type I). The former outlet produced better results in spray performance.
3) Judging from the spray distribution, the suitable application rate in hedgerow orchards is from 40 to 50% of that in traditional orchards, thus conserving dilution water, agricultural chemicals and labour.
4) The suitable application width is 8m for both 1 and 3-row planting. Uniform spray distribution and sufficient work efficiency can be obtained, by the customary operation speed.

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The mounted roll baler packing chopped material for silage into small roll bales was developed in order to improve the silage-making operations on a small scale paddy field.
1. This mounted roll baler which was top-filled from either the field chopper or the forage harvester produced small roll bales at 45cm in diameter and 75cm long. Chopped material were catched by the hopper and moved toward the bale chamber. The roll bale was formed by chain-driven roller surrounding the bale chamber and tied with twine.
2. The chopped corn from the field chopper were baled weighing 50kg and at the density of 150kg per cu meter at dry matter on condition that the losses by baling missed were 10%. In the case of chopped forage from forage harvester such as sorghum, barley, and grass, the density of the bale produced was 120kg per cu meter at dry matter that weigh 35 to 50kg, when the losses by baling were less than 3%. The power requierments for this machine were found to be 1.2kW for baling work. The field capacity of harvesting and baling was obtained 1.0 to 1.4 tons per hour.

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In this study we practiced a joint experiment on tillage methods (PT, RT and NT) and soil types (volcanic L, volcanic SiC and sandy LS) simultaneously throughout the three places (Tokyo, Niigata and Shimane) from April in 1988 to june in 1991. In this paper we report the experimental results on six croppings for three years (crops=dent corn in summer and barley in winter) at sandy LS soul.
1) There was no difference of emergence rate on the field between PT and RT, and the rate of NT was lower than other plots.
2) The grain yield of NT was lower than other plots of the fourth cropping, but there were no differences of grain yield among three plots of the other croppings. There were also no clear differences in harvest index of the plots.
3) The quantity of weed of NT were more than other plots. Although a dominant species of weed differed with a kind of crop, the simplification of weed species was observed for three years.
4) Significant differences of soil hardness (penetrating resistance) were observed in depth and plots. Soil hardness of PT were higher than other plots.
5) Significant differences of three phases of soil were not observed in depth and plots. Liquid fraction (%) of sandy LS soil was lower than that of volcanic L soil.
6) Significant differences of soil pH were not observed in depth and plots. Soil pH of NT in the surface layer was lower than other plots.
7) A comprehensive program of weeding is necessary for no-tillage farming in sandy LS soil.

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To make a preliminary development in the leaf-stripping machine for sugar cane, experimental measurements were carried out on the operational characteristics and the durability of a coil spring type leaf-stripping-machanism. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1) Detrash rate was spt to be increasing in proportion to the heightening of the stripping roll-speed and the lowering of the feeding roll-speed. Especially, the value was higher, showing the fig ures of 80.8-85.6% under the stripping roll-speed of above 16.76m/s.
2) Trash rate decreased mainly in proportion to the heightening of the stripping roll-speed. Trash rate was 1.93-2.09% under the stripping roll-speed of 16.76-18.85m/s, and the value was independent of the speed of the feeding roll.
3) Cane loss was apt to be increasing in proportion to the heightening of the stripping roll-speed and the lowering of the feeding roll-speed. Especially, cane loss increased rapidly under the stripping roll-speed of above 16.76m/s. The maximum cane loss was 3.5%. However, in comparing the values of cane loss of the link chain type and the coil spring type, the value of the latter was relatively smaller.
4) Stripping power increased in proportion toheightening of the stripping roll-speed. The value was 1.44kW under the feeding roll-speed of 0.27m/s, the stripping roll-speed of 18.85m/s.
5) Working efficiency increased mainly in proportion to the heightening of the feeding roll-speed.
6) The highest stripping-performance was obtained under the feeding roll-speed of 0.27-0.35m/s, the stripping roll-speed of 16.76m/s, respectively. Then, the working efficiency was 685-868kg/man-h, and this value was about 6-7 times higher as compared with the manual operation.
7) Concerning the durability of the material of the coil spring, maximum wearing rate was 6.63% at the hitted end of the coil spring, after the lapse of 100 hours. This material showed higher durability as compared with the link chain type.

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