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Volume 42 (2007)
- Issue 4 Pages 189-
- Issue 3 Pages 173-
- Issue 2 Pages 69-
- Issue 1 Pages 4-
Volume 42, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Original Papers
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Tatsuo SATO, Kyoko MATSUURA, Jiro NARIMATSU, Yutaka YONEYAMA2007 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 69-74
Published: June 15, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDestructive analysis was used to estimate the half-monthly nitrogen content and related growth parameters of drip-fertigated spring cucumber.
Three fertilizing treatments were compared. The amount of nitrogen applied half-monthly varied independently, but the total amount was same. There was little difference in the growth and yield of cucumber among nitrogen application patterns, which suggests that soil has a buffering capacity on cucumber yield even if the amount of nitrogen fertilizer changed. Destructive analysis including three all treatments found a significant correlation between nitrogen content of cucumber plant and the number of increased leaves (absorbed nitrogen (g/m2/14 days)=increased leaves (no./m2/14 days)×0.0441+2.189). This relationship will lead to reduce nitrogen application through counting of leaves twice a month.View full abstractDownload PDF (642K) -
Masakazu KOMATSUZAKI, Yoshiteru KAI, Yutaka NAKAMURA2007 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 75-83
Published: June 15, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCover crops subsequently produced rice culture in the paddy field, were evaluated the nutrient values as feed for livestocks including dry matter (DM) accumulation, metabolizable energy (ME), and chemical composition or digestible nutrients as a nutrient source of livestock. Main results were as follows.
1) There were significant differences in nutrients of cover crops among their growth termination and used species. Soil residual N, however, had little effect on their nutrient values of cover crops.
2) In all cover crop species, both of extract concentration and crude protein concentration were higher in March than those in April. On the other hand, crude fiber concentration was significantly lower in March than in April.
3) Across the growth termination, the order of concentartion of ether extract, crude protein, and crude fiber was rye>oat=triticale>wheat. The ash concentration, however, showed triticale≥wheat≥oat>rye.
4) Higher DM yield of cover crop were shown when soil residual nitrogen was high. At all the soil nitrogen levels, the order of DM accumulation, crude protein accumulation and ME yield showed rye>triticale>=oat=wheat in 2001 and wheat>rye=triticale=oat in 2002.
5) Nitrate concentrations in cover crop that was harvested in April, ranged from 75.6 to 282ppm in DM. These values were appropriate level for livestock feeds.
6) Rye showed high dry matter accumulation, protein content was approximately 7% and fiber concentration was 23∼27% in April. It was recognized rye harvested in April had same digestible chemical qualities compared with commercial timothy. These results suggested that rye had a great potential for livestock feeds to establish a crop-livestock using paddy fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (967K) -
Noritoshi SUMIDA, Atsushi SAWAMURA, Nobuhiro ITOKAWA2007 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 85-89
Published: June 15, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this research presents the efficient work system of new square big baler that the stack of 2 square bales system and used the handling system for the wrap silo.
1) The stack of 2 square bales system is composed of the fixation fulcrum with a push arm, plate, turn fulcrum, the roller and demonstrate a function by attaching to the lift arm of bale wrapper for round baler. The improvement and wrap film of comparative work efficiency of it was conceivable that the effect is connected to the improvement of the silage quality that is related to wind and stabilize to work conventionally.
2) We can attach the handling system for a wrap silo to the front loader or forklift that are composed of a mast, upper part control arm, lower part control arm, arm stopper, the roller, oil pressure cylinder and fixed to the tractor. The square wrap silo that tightly seals and covers it with a stretch film without producing the loss and the opening that adjoined and the film is nonexistent the corner form wrap silo loading, cargo were lowered and was able to do such handling operation.View full abstractDownload PDF (512K) -
M. Faiz SYUAIB, Shoji MORIIZUMI, Hiroshi SHIMIZU2007 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 91-103
Published: June 15, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research was mainly conducted to obtain basic ergonomic data about tractor operator performance and to analyze the mastering process of tractor operation, especially reversible moldboard-plowing using a ride-on tractor. This paper mainly deals with the analysis of learning curve patterns of beginners to assess the necessary expertise level through a comparison with skillful operators. Comparative analyses between beginners who do and do not have automobile-driving experience are also discussed. Suggestions for the minimum account of practice and instructional attentions are also given.
It was proven that the automobile-driving capability of beginners was cognitively advantageous for the learning tractor operation. Compared to the skillful operators, almost, no significant difference in physiological burden was recognized in the beginners, except at the beginning of practical experience of the non-driverslicensed beginners. The tillage straightness was clearly the most difficult task to be mastered. In this regard, a minimum working (learning) time of about 64 and 67 hours is recommended for DL and NDL beginners, respectively, to reach the necessary level of performance. From the various results, the mastering process of reversible plow tillage may be divided into the first and second steps. Depending on the situation, the practice of second step (DL-beginners : after 3 hours, NDL-beginners : after 43 hours) is considered that it may be made to be the self-training.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Koichi SHOJI, Nobuya KOBAYASHI, Hisashi HORIO, Tsuneo KAWAMURA2007 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 105-110
Published: June 15, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProcedures have been presented to utilize a yield-monitoring combine for test cultivations of paddy rice. As an example, grain yields were compared at two blocks of sparse (30cm×30cm) and controlled (23cm×30cm) transplanting treatments allocated in a paddy field of 0.5ha. Data obtained from the yield-monitoring combine was assumed to represent the populations themselves, and methods were discussed to compare the grain yields between the treatments.
1) To maintain the size of the populations and the normality of their distribution, an appropriate size of the plots to generate the yield data was 5m×6m or 10m×3m for the experimental field employed.
2) Higher grain yields were observed at lower elevations of the field. For the comparison of the grain yields between the treatments within the same field, it was necessary to incorporate the effect of the micro-elevation into a regression model, or to create populations within a limited range of the micro-elevation. The optimum range of the micro-elevation was ±15mm for the same reason as discussed in 1) above.
3) Difference in the grain yields between the sparse and the controlled treatments was not concluded to be significant under the comparison of the populations specified in 1) and 2) above.View full abstractDownload PDF (629K)
Original Papers
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Hajime ARAKI, Yoshifumi HATANO, Sakae HORIMOTO, Yoshiharu FUJII, Michi ...2007 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 111-121
Published: June 15, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of introduction cover crops into summer crop production in the Hokuriku district, grass (wheat, barley, rye and bristle oat), legume (hairy vetch, HV ; common vetch, CV ; milk vetch, MV ; crimson clover, CC) and Brassica (rape) cover crops were sown in October of 1998 and 1999, and above-ground biomass (AGB) in the following spring and weed control effect were observed at the University Farm of Niigata University. A large amount of AGB (646kg·DW and 591kg·DW per 10a in rye and in HV, respectively) was provided as organic matter to the field. In particular, nitrogen content of HV was 4.2% (DW) and approximately 24kg/10a organic N was supplied to the field grown HV. After mowing, although HV residue covered the ground surface completely, ground surface cover by residue of other cover crops was insufficient. Suckering occurred from the stubble of rye, and living mulch was formed by seed germination on the ground surface in wheat, barley and CC. These cover crops should be mowed earlier for residue mulch formation. There was little difference in AGB between 1999 and 2000 ; however, HV-AGB obtained in 2000 was reduced compared to that in 1999 because of long period of snow cover in 2000. Emergence and growth of weed in the grass residue mulch were smaller or the same compared with the tilled field for control. In the HV residue mulch field, weed emergence was smaller but final weed DW was larger than the tilled field and grass mulch fields. DW of lettuce grown in HV, CV and bristle oat mulch was larger than those in tilled or other mulch fields. From these observations, HV and rye will be promising cover crops in the Hokuriku district because of the large AGB production. However, it is necessary to establish cropping techniques so that seedlings can overwinter in the snow cover region in HV and suckering will be suppressed after mowing in rye.View full abstractDownload PDF (394K) -
Kota MOTOBAYASHI, Tomoyuki YUKAWA, Ryouji SASAKI2007 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 123-131
Published: June 15, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMuch attention is being focused on growing rice not for human consumption but for cattle feed as whole-crop silage (WCS) in Japan. Rice WCS is a wholesome cattle feed that meets demands for safe feed from domestic sources. Furthermore, growing rice for WCS in paddy fields helps preserves them and satisfies the rice production adjustment policy.
A self-propelled rice whole crop harvester and a self-propelled bale wrapper are preferred for harvesting and ensiling the crop, because of their higher adaptabilities to wet soil conditions, rather than conventional tractor-mounted forage-harvesting implements. But, on the other hand, work efficiencies of these machines are lower than those of tractor-mounted implements.
A simulation model of these machines working in a field was developed to analyze the total working time, which depends on the harvesting path plan and the allocation of the machines to convey specific bales. In case all bales are to be conveyed to the entrance side of the field, an optimum sharing line of the allocation can be calculated, with bales on the entrance side of the line being conveyed by the bale wrapper and bales on the other side being conveyed by the harvester. In a 1-ha field (125×80m), the optimum sharing line was calculated to be 84m from the entrance side of the field, which improved field capacity by 33% over other working methods. The results can be used to optimize the work allocation between the two machines, increasing work efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (947K)
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