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Volume 25 (1990)
- Issue 3 Pages 209-
- Issue 2 Pages 113-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 25, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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II. Intake Rate Test by Using Experimental ApparatusYoshiaki MISAO1990 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 2-12
Published: March 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlong with the rising popularity of introducing large scale machinery into the field and the decrease in opportunities for tilling deeper soil due to the wider adoption of rotary tillage, it is now recognized that favorable planting circumstances in the field are diminishing as hard strata form in the subsoil directly below the cultivated surface soil.
This paper describes several findings from a field investigation concerning the intake rate test of cumulative infiltration under several experimental combinations using a rotary tiller and subsoil breaker with a chisel type subsoiler.
The results of the test are as follows:
1) Cumulative infiltration was greater once the soil was disturbed by a chisel type subsoiler, due to a decrease in soil hardness.
2) Cumulative infiltration by the experimental apparatus was initially less than that of the chisel type subsoiler. At 203 days after subsoil breaking, however, cumulative infiltration by the ex-perimental apparatus became grea-ter than that of the chisel type subsoiler.
3) A regression analysis was carried out on the two factor of subsoil breaking area and subsoil breaking depth for a 20 minute period of cumulative infiltration. The result was that the correlation coefficient of the subsoil breaking depth was higher than that of the subsoil breaking area.
4) The regression equation for the 20 minute cumulative infiltration and the subsoil breaking depth exceeded the 1% level of significance at 22 days, and 203 days after subsoil breaking. This demonstrates the influence of the subsoil breaking depth on cumulative infiltration.
5) At subsoil breaking depths greater than 0.3m, cumulative infiltration increased along with the water supply and this effect remained up until the 203 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (1248K) -
II. The application of electrical conductivity method for the estimation of displacement rate of the soil tilled by rotary tillageShoji MORIIZUMI, Naotaka HAYASHI, Chikara YAMAMORI1990 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 13-23
Published: March 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe discussed two methods to calculate displacement ratio of the soil tilled by rotary tillage in our first report. The present report is concerned with the results of application for the estimation of displacement ratio of the soil tilled by down-cut and up-cut rotary tillages. This paper also deals with the distribution of electrical conductivity on the soils in various upland fields.
The results are as follows.
1) The electrical conductivity of soil at the upland fields under the natural condition showed the value of 74.6-399.0μS/cm and the each field differed remarkably in electrical conductivity. This result was caused by the remaining rate of electolyte produced by chemical fertilizer.
2) From the comparison of electrical conductivity before tillage with one after tillage, the soil displacement in the backward and forward by rotary tillage was confirmed.
3) The large variation of displace-ment ratio of the tilled soil was observed between mesuring points [b2-b4 points to stabilize originally] in up-cut rotary experiment. The variation was also remarkably larger than one of down-cut rotary tillage, because of the variation of electrical conductivity of soil mixing KCI.
4) In case of the method by conditional inequality, the ratio of soil displacement is calculated with a certain range. According to the results of this experiment, its range was the value within ±1.1%. This degree of ranges are practically negligible.
5) The difference of soil displace-ment ratio between the method by simultaneous equations of three unknowns and conditional inequa-lity was 0.5% at the most except one case. Therefore, we think that validity of the both methods was proved.
6) Synthesizing the various experiment results of this parper, the electrical conductivity method used the mixture soil of KCI is effective as method to estimate the displacement ratio of soil tilled by rotary tillage.View full abstractDownload PDF (1293K) -
I. Coverage Calculation by Using Fuzzy NumbersNorio NAGASAWA, Toshio KONAKA, Masayuki KOIKE, Shotaro YUZAWA, Tomoyuk ...1990 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 24-30
Published: March 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years, computer technology and its application to agricultural information system have rapidly progressed. However, the present system cannot deal with uncertainties such as “approximately 8 hours”, “about 10ha” and other fuzzy data.
In this study, fuzzy set theory was employed in order to calculate coverage from fuzzy data represented by experienced farmer's language. Membership function of daily working hours, daily field capacity and working period was determined from answers on the questionarie on puddling and rice transplanting. By using this membership function, coverage for single and multi-farm operations was calculated and discussed.
It is concluded that the fuzzy set theory gives the powerful and practical information on farm work system.View full abstractDownload PDF (704K) -
II. Presumption of Field Capacity by Using Fuzzy InferenceNorio NAGASAWA, Tosho KONAKA, Masayuki KOIKE, Shotaro YUZAWA, Tomoyuki ...1990 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 31-37
Published: March 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the last several years, some expert systems for agriculture have been developed.
However, these present systems cannot yet deal with imprecise or uncertain information such as “fairly long working hours”. An experienced farmer often tends to use words rather than numbers to describe his knowledge.
In this study, fuzzy inference was employed in order to presume field capacity from if-then rules represented by farmer's language.
Membership functions of daily working hours and daily field capacity were determined by the answers of the questionarie on the puddling. Fuzzy production rules were made up by using these membership functions.
Fuzzy inference was applied to the presumption of field capacity and its effectiveness to agricultural information processing was discussed in this paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
II. Influences of black polyethylene film mulch and cover with straw on the tuberous root yieldTeruo TSUKIHASHI, Masakazu KOMATSUZAKI, Tooru YOSHIDA, Makoto MIYAMOTO ...1990 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 38-47
Published: March 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of mulching, one of the basic problem of Yacon cultivation, were investigated.
Three experimental plots were designed: 1) poly-mulch plot; Black polyethylene film 0.02mm thick was mulcheyd, 2) Straw mulch plot; straw was mulched and 3) no mulch plot.
The resuts obtained were as follows:
1. The top fresh weight in no mulch plot was the heaviest.
2. Total number of the tuberous roots increased in the poly-mulch plot, but the number of tuberous roots over 100g per root decreased.
3. Total weight of tuberous roots and the total weight of tuberous roots over 100g per root increased in the straw mulch plot.
4. Total numbers of creacked tuberous roots increased in the poly-mulch plot.
5. Straw mulching resulted in high tuberous roots yield, but yield under black polyethlyene film mulching was poor.View full abstractDownload PDF (855K) -
Case-study in Shirone, NiigataTetsuo SHIOYA, Kanji KOGANO1990 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 48-58
Published: March 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) We investigated the changes of soil condition induced by the crop rotation (paddy for 4 years and following one year for a barley-soybean) in the paddy field, and we also investigated the farmers' correspondence on the method of fertile management, with the changes of soil.
2) We carried out this investigation in 1988, on the fields of “OKISHINPO Farming Group” which was the typical model of paddy Farming Group, located in Shirone, Niigata.
3) Most of the farmers controled the nitrogen fertilizer on quantity and the method of split apprication, according to the changes of soil estimated experientially. They obtained the high yield of rice HIMENOMOCHI; 506-638kg/10a.
4) It is necessary for succesful cultivation of KOSHIHIKARI and increase of the yield of upaland crops, to understand the patterns of soil nitrogen mineralization of rotated paddy soils.View full abstractDownload PDF (1209K) -
I. Sesbania, Crotalaria: Characteristecs of Growth and Effect on Soil Physical PropertiesTetsuo SHIOYA, Kanji KOGANO, Jikichi ITOH1990 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 59-68
Published: March 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) We investigated the possibility to utilize troprical leguminous green manure crops for improvement of soil physical properties and management of soil fertility in ill-drained clayey paddy fields in Hokuriku district.
2) We carried out this experiment in 1988 at the field of Hokuriku National Agricultural Experiment Station. The crops used were Sesbania cannabia, S. rostrata and Crotalaria juncea. We mesured productivity of dry matter, development of root-systems, and degree of drying and oxidization of soil to estimate the utility value.
3) The dry matter yields of S. cannabia, S. rostrata and C. juncea were 1.4, 1.2 and 0.9kg/m2 respectively. The cracks were formed and the drying and the oxidization were activated in the lower layer of the soil by the development of the root systems. The position grey soil appeared in the soil was lowered till 33-45cm, and the depth of root of S. cannabia, s. rostrata and C. juncea were 80, 62 and 52cm respectively.
4) The leguminous bacteria of S. cannabia, S. rostrata and C. juncea was Rhizobium. Azorhizobium and Bradyrhizobium respectively. Azorhizobium which forms the nodules not only on root, but on stem of S. rostrata, was identified in fields for the first time in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (3359K) -
IX. Labour Saving of Training Grapevines by the Lenz Moser Training SystemYoshikazu T. YAMAKI, Noboru WASHIZU, Mikio SATO1990 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 69-77
Published: March 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe most labour saving height and span of the supporting wires in the Lenz Moser training system for grapevines was studied.
The varieties used were, ‘Kyoho’, ‘Muscat Bailey A’, and ‘Super Hamburg’.
The wider the span of the supporting wires, higher were the percentage of shoots supported by the wires.
However, taking account of passage between the rows, the optimum wire span was 20cm.
When the wire spans of the 2nd and 3rd level were set to 20cm, the height with the maximum supporting rates for the 2nd and 3rd wires were, 30 to 34cm and 45 to 49cm above the principal wire for ‘Super Hamburg’, 20cm or 30cm and 64cm for ‘Kyoho’, and 30 to 34cm or 40 to 44cm and 50 to 54cm or 65 to 69cm for ‘Muscat Bailey A’, respectively.
The relation between the height of wires (Y) and the height of the node bearing the tensil coiled to wires(x) were,
Y=0.79x+7.84, r=0.82
for ‘Muscat Bailey A’, and
Y=0.70x+6.91, r=0.74
for ‘Super Hamburg’
From these linear regression lines, it may be possible to make a Lenz Maser training system which can save 70 to 80% of the training labour.View full abstractDownload PDF (1152K) -
(II) Comparative Tests of Several Commercially Sold Protective Masks Shows that Some More Effevtively Fungal Spore in the Dust Resulting from Combine Harvesting of WheatChizuru SOBAZIMA, Seiichi YONEYAMA, Yoshihiro TAGUCHI1990 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 78-83
Published: March 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (702K)
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